Always dispatch at least one task, even if all the CPUs are busy.
This small overcommitment allows to maximize the CPU utilization without
introducing bubbles in the scheduling and also without introducing
regressions in terms of resposiveness.
Before this change the average CPU utilization of a `stress-ng -c 8` on
an 8-cores system is around 95%. With this change applied the CPU
utilization goes up to a consistent 100%.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Add a method to TopologyMap to get the amount of online CPUs.
Considering that most of the schedulers are not handling CPU hotplugging
it can be useful to expose also this metric in addition to the amount of
available CPUs in the system.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Drop the global effective time-slice and use the more fine-grained
per-task time-slice to implement the dynamic time-slice capability.
This allows to reduce the scheduler's overhead (dropping the global time
slice volatile variable shared between user-space and BPF) and it
provides a more fine-grained control on the per-task time slice.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
If there is a higher priority task when running ops.tick(),
ops.select_cpu(), and ops.enqueue() callbacks, the current running tasks
yields its CPU by shrinking time slice to zero and a higher priority
task can run on the current CPU.
As low-cost, fine-grained preemption becomes available, default
parameters are adjusted as follows:
- Raise the bar for remote CPU preemption to avoid IPIs.
- Increase the maximum time slice.
- Gradually enforce the fair use of CPU time (i.e., ineligible duration)
Lastly, using CAS, we ensure that a remote CPU is preempted by only one
CPU. This removes unnecessary remote preemptions (and IPIs).
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Replace the BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE with a BPF_MAP_TYPE_USER_RINGBUF to store
the tasks dispatched from the user-space scheduler to the BPF component.
This eliminates the need of the bpf() syscalls, significantly reducing
the overhead of the user-space->kernel communication and delivering a
notable performance boost in the overall system throughput.
Based on experimental results, this change allows to reduces the scheduling
overhead by approximately 30-35% when the system is overcommitted.
This improvement has the potential to make user-space schedulers based
on scx_rustland_core viable options for real production systems.
Link: https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf-rs/pull/776
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
scx_rusty's intention is to support hotplug by automatically restarting
whenever a hotplug event is encountered. Now that we're not trying to
consume a bogus DSQ in the rusty_dispatch() on a newly hotplugged CPU,
let's just remove offline tracking. It's really just there as a sanity
check, but it triggers if an offline task is made runnable during a
hotplug event before the ops.hotplug() callback has been invoked.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
There's currently a slight issue on existing kernels on the hotplug
path wherein we can start to receive scheduling callbacks on a CPU
before that CPU has received hotplug events. For CPUs going online, this
can possibly confuse a scheduler because it may not be expecting
anything to ever happen on that CPU, and therefore may do things that
could cause the scheduler to crash. For example, without this patch in
scx_rusty, we try to consume from a bogus DSQ that doesn't exist, which
causes ext.c to boot out the scheduler.
Though this issue will soon be fixed in ext.c, let's explicitly avoid
dispatching from an onlining CPU in rusty so that we properly support
hotplug on older kernels as well.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
We can hint to the compiler about paths we'll take in a scheduler. This
is a common pattern, so lets provide convenience macros.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
scx_lavd implemented 32 and 64 bit versions of a base-2 logarithm
function. This is now also used in rusty. To avoid code duplication,
let's pull it into a shared header.
Note that there is technically a functional change here as we remove the
always inline compiler directive. We instead assume that the compiler
will know best whether or not to inline the function.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
In user space in rusty, the tuner detects system utilization, and uses
it to inform how we do load balancing, our greedy / direct cpumasks,
etc. Something else we could be doing but currently aren't, is using
system utilization to inform how we dispatch tasks. We currently have a
static, unchanging slice length for the runtime of the program, but this
is inefficient for all scenarios.
Giving a task a long slice length does have advantages, such as
decreasing the number of involuntary context switches, decreasing the
overhead of preemption by doing it less frequently, possibly getting
better cache locality due to a task running on a CPU for a longer amount
of time, etc. On the other hand, long slices can be problematic as well.
When a system is highly utilized, a CPU-hogging task running for too
long can harm interactive tasks. When the system is under-utilized,
those interactive tasks can likely find an idle, or under-utilized core
to run on. When the system is over-utilized, however, they're likely to
have to park in a runqueue.
Thus, in order to better accommodate such scenarios, this patch
implements a rudimentary slice scaling mechanism in scx_rusty. Rather
than having one global, static slice length, we instead have a dynamic,
global slice length that can be changed depending on system utilization.
When over-utilized, we go with a longer slice length, and vice versa for
when the system is under-utilized. With Terraria, this results in
roughly a 50% improvement in mean FPS when playing on an AMD Ryzen 9
7950X, while running Spotify, and stress-ng -c $((4 * $(nproc))).
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
scx_rusty doesn't do terribly well with interactive workloads. In order
to improve the situation, this patch adds support for basic deadline
scheduling in rusty. This approach doesn't incorporate eligibility, and
simply uses a crude avg_runtime tracking approach to scaling a task's
deadline.
In a series of follow-on changes, we'll update the scheduler to use more
indicators for interactivity that affect both slice length, and deadline
calculation.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
To know the required CPU performance (e.g., frequency) demand, we keep
track of 1) utilization of each CPU and 2) _performance criticality_ of
each task. The performance criticality of a task denotes how critical it
is to CPU performance (frequency). Like the notion of latency
criticality, we use three factors: the task's average runtime, wake-up
frequency, and waken-up frequency. A task's runtime is longer, and its
two frequencies are higher; the task is more performance-critical
because it would be a bottleneck in the middle of the task chain.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Let's remove the extraneous copy pasting and use a lookup helper like we
do for task and pcpu context.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
A LoadEntity gets the load to transfer between two entities by taking
the minimum of their imbalances and reducing its abs value by
xfer_ratio.
In practice self.imbal(), the push node or domain, always has positive
imbalance and other.imbal(), the pull node or domain, always has
negative imbalance, so other.imbal() is always the minimum even though
the abs value of its imbalance might be greater than the abs value of
self.imbal(). It seems like the intent is to take the minimum of the
two absolute values instead to avoid overbalancing at the puller, so
make both values abs.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Rusty's load balancer calculates load differently based on average
system CPU utilization in create_domain_hierarchy(). At >= 99.999%
utilization, load is the product of a task's weight and duty cycle;
below that, load is the same as the task's duty cycle.
populate_tasks_by_load(), however, always uses the product when
calculating per-task load so that in the sub-99.999% util case, load is
inflated, typically by a factor of 100 with a normal priority task.
Tasks look too heavy to migrate as a result because a single task would
transfer more load than the domain imbalance allows, leading to
significant imbalance in some cases.
Make populate_tasks_by_load() calculate task load the same way as
domain load, checking lb_apply_weight.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
The current code replenishes the task's time slice whenever the task
becomes ops.running(). However, there is a case where such behavior can
starve the other tasks, causing the watchdog timeout error. One (if not
all) such case is when a task is preempted while running by the higher
scheduler class (e.g., RT, DL). In such a case, the task will be transit
in a cycle of ops.running() -> ops.stopping() -> ops.running() -> etc.
Whenever it becomes re-running, it will be placed at the head of local
DSQ and ops.running() will renew its time slice. Hence, in the worst
case, the task can run forever since its time slice is never exhausted.
The fix is assigning the time slice only once by checking if the time
slice is calculated before.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Provide a command line option to print the version of the scheduler and
the scx_rustland_core crate.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Given that rustland_core now supports task preemption and it has been
tested successfully, it's worhtwhile to cut a new version of the crate.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
In Rust c_char can be aliased to i8 or u8, depending on the particular
target architecture.
For example, trying to build scx_lavd on ppc64 triggers the following
error:
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> src/main.rs:200:38
|
200 | let c_tx_cm: *const c_char = (&tx.comm as *const [i8; 17]) as *const i8;
| ------------- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `*const u8`, found `*const i8`
| |
| expected due to this
|
= note: expected raw pointer `*const u8`
found raw pointer `*const i8`
To fix this, consistently use c_char instead of assuming it corresponds
to i8.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
In _some_ kernel versions, loading scx_lavd fails with an error of
"bpf_rcu_read_unlock is missing". The usage of
bpf_rcu_read_lock/unlock() in proc_dump_all_tasks() is correct but the
bpf verifier still think bpf_rcu_read_unlock() is missing. The most
plausible reason so far is that the problematic kernel does not have a
commit 6fceea0fa59f ("bpf: Transfer RCU lock state between subprog
calls"), failing inter-procedural analysis between proc_dump_all_tasks()
and submit_task_ctx(). Thus, we force inline submit_task_ctx() (no
inter-procedural analysis by the verifier is necessary) for the time
being.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Only the very newest kernels support scx_bpf_cpuperf_set(). Let's update
scx_layered to accommodate older kernels as well.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Looking at perf top it seems that the scheduler can spend a significant
amount of time iterating over the CPU topology/cpumask information,
especially when the system is running a significant amount of tasks:
2.57% scx_rustland [.] <scx_utils::cpumask::CpumaskIntoIterator as core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator>::next
Considering that scx_rustland doesn't support CPU hotplugging yet (it
requires a full restart to properly handle CPU hotplug events), we can
completely avoid this overhead by caching a TopologyMap object at the
beginning, when the scheduler starts, instead of constantly
re-evaluating the CPU topology information.
This allows to reduce the scheduler overhead by ~5% CPU utilization
under heavy load conditions (from ~65% -> ~60%, according to top).
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
This change adds `scx_bpf_cpuperf_cap`, `scx_bpf_cpuperf_cur` and
`scx_bpf_cpuperf_set` definitions that were recently introduced into
[`sched_ext`](https://github.com/sched-ext/sched_ext/pull/180). It adds
a `perf` field to `scx_layered` to allow for controlling performance per
layer.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Hodges <hodges.daniel.scott@gmail.com>
If a library creates threads, those threads will often have the same
name. If two different processes of different priority both use a
library, it may be that we want the library's threads in each process to
be put into different layers.
To support this, let's add the ability to filter not only by task name,
but also by process name via the task thread group leader's comm.
Tested by creating two executables named "foo" and "bar", which both
spawn a bunch of tasks named "exp_worker" that spin until being
interrupted. With this config: https://pastebin.com/Uz2phzxQ, the tasks
were correctly matched to the expected layers.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
We're currently cloning cpumasks returned by calls to {Core, Cache,
Node, Topology}::span(). If a caller needs to clone it, they can. Let's
not penalize the callers that just want to query the underlying cpumask.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Some people have expressed confusion at this behavior. Let's be a bit
more explicit in the documentation.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Provide a run-time option to disable task preemption.
This option can be used to improve the throughput of the CPU-intensive
tasks while still providing a good level of responsiveness in the
system.
By default preemption is enabled, to provide a higher level of
responsiveness to the interactive tasks.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Use the new scx_rustland_core dispatch flag RL_PREEMPT_CPU to allow
interactive tasks to preempt other tasks with scx_rustland.
If the built-in idle selection logic is enforced (option `-i`), the
scheduler prioritizes keeping tasks on the target CPU designated by this
logic. With preemption enabled, these tasks have a higher likelihood of
reusing their cached working set, potentially improving performance.
Alternatively, when tasks are dispatched to the first available CPU
(default behavior), interactive tasks benefit from running more promptly
by kicking out other tasks before their assigned time slice expires.
This potentially allows to increase the default time slice to higher
values in the future, to improve the overall throughput in the system
and, at the same time, still maintain a good level of responsiveness,
because interactive tasks are now able to run pretty much immediately,
independently on the remaining time slice of the other tasks that are
contending the CPUs in the system.
= Results =
Measuring the performance of the usual benchmark "playing a video game
while running a parallel kernel build in background" seems to give
around 2-10% boost in the fps with preemption enabled, depending on the
particular video game.
Results were obtained running a `make -j32` kernel build on a AMD Ryzen
7 5800X 8-Cores 16GB RAM, while testing video games such as Baldur's
Gate 3 (with a solid +10% fps), Counter Strike 2 (around +5%) and Team
Fortress 2 (+2% boost).
Moreover, some WebGL applications (such as
https://webglsamples.org/aquarium/aquarium.html) seem to benefit even
more with preemption enabled, providing up to a +15% fps boost.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Reserve some bits of the `cpu` attribute of a task to store special
dispatch flags.
Initially, let's introduce just RL_CPU_ANY to replace the special value
NO_CPU, indicating that the task can be dispatched on any CPU,
specifically the first CPU that becomes available.
This allows to keep the CPU value assigned by the builtin idle selection
logic, that can potentially be used later for further optimizations.
Moreover, having the possibility to specify dispatch flags gives more
flexibility and it allows to map new scheduling features to such flags.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
When I transitioned layered to using task local storage, I messed up
initializing the task ctx, not realizing we previously had a separate
variable that was initializing the hasmap entry. We need to initialize
the task's layer to -11, and also set refresh_layer to 1.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
scx_simple no longer supports running in "partial" mode, with only
certain tasks usig scx_simple. When this option was removed, we also
removed the call to scx_bpf_switch_all();
While switching-all is the default behavior for newer kernels, let's add
__COMPAT_scx_bpf_switch_all() so that scx_simple can work on older
kernels as well.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
We have a lot of boilerplate code where we create a cpumask, initialize
it, and then bpf_kptr_xchg() it into the map. In an effort to slightly
reduce the amount of boilerplate, let's create a helper that can
alleviate some of it.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
There are some random issues in the code, like unused variables, and bad
print formatters. I'm not sure why the compiler isn't consistently
complaining, but let's fix them.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
In scx_rusty, now that we have a complete view of the host's topology
thanks to the Topology crate, we can update our calls to
scx_bpf_create_dsq() to create the DSQ on the NUMA node of the domain.
It's unclear how much this will end up mattering for performance in the
typical case, but we might as well do the right thing given that host
topolgoy is static, and we have the information.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
* scx-lavd: preemption of a lower-priority task using kick cpu
When a task is enqueued to the global queue, the scheduler checks if
there is a lower priority task than the enqueued task. If so, it kicks
out the lower-priority task, hoping the newly enqueued task or another
higher-priority task runs on the kicked CPU. Kicking another CPU is
expensive as an IPI is involved, so the scheduler judiciously kicks the
CPU when its benefit (i.e., priority gap) is clear enough.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
The scx_rusty scheduler does not support hotplug, and expects a static
host topology throughout its runtime. Though the kernel does have
support for detecting hotplug events, we currently don't detect this in
the kernel, nor surface it to user space when it happens. Now that we
have scx_bpf_exit(), we can gracefully exit the kernel in the event of a
hotplug, and communicate to user space that it should restart the
scheduler.
This patch adds that support to scx_rusty. Note that this assumes that
we're running on a recent enough kernel that has scx_bpf_exit(). If it
doesn't, then we instead just error out of the kernel scheduler and exit
the application.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
If we try to cross-build scx on builders with older versions of system's
linux headers (such as those provided by linux-libc-headers in older
releases of Ubuntu), we may hit build failures, due to the different
kernel ABI, such as:
error: invalid use of undefined type ‘struct btf_enum64’
To address this, introduce a new build option called "kernel_headers"
that allows to specify a custom path for the kernel headers required
during the build process.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Synchronize stragglers.
- Bug fix in __COMPAT_read_enum().
- A cosmetic difference in scx_qmap.bpf.c.
- Stray 'p' when calling getopt() in scx_simple.c.
After this the kernel tree and scx repo are in sync.
In rusty_select_cpu(), if a task is WAKE_SYNC, we'll currently migrate
the task to that CPU if there are any idle cores on the system. As in
[0], this condition is insufficient, as there could be idle cores
elsewhere on the system, but still tasks piled up on a single local DSQ.
Let's add a condition that the local DSQ has to be empty in order to
apply the WAKE_SYNC migration.
Before patch:
[void@maniforge src]$ hackbench
Running in process mode with 10 groups using 40 file descriptors each (== 400 tasks)
Each sender will pass 100 messages of 100 bytes
Time: 0.433
With patch:
[void@maniforge src]$ hackbench
Running in process mode with 10 groups using 40 file descriptors each (== 400 tasks)
Each sender will pass 100 messages of 100 bytes
Time: 0.035
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Change the upper bound of ineligible duration (LAVD_ELIGIBLE_TIME_MAX).
The updated (2x increased) upper bound reflects the distribution of
tasks' eligible_delta_ns better.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Change the calculation of the run_frequence using the wait_period from
the last time the task yielded CPU to this time when the task is
running. The old implementation measures the time interval between the
last stopping and the current running and increases run_freq without
reason.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Change the last_{start/stop/wait/wake}_clk in task_ctx to
last_{running/stopping/quiescent/runnable}_clk, matching with state
transition names. In addition, add comments and reorder fields in
task_ctx for readability.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Sync from kernel to receive new vmlinux.h and the updates to common headers.
This includes the following updates:
- scx_bpf_switch_all() is replaced by SCX_OPS_SWITCH_PARTIAL flag.
- sched_ext_ops.exit_dump_len added to allow customizing dump buffer size.
- scx_bpf_exit() added.
- Common headers updated to provide backward compatibility in a way which
hides most complexities from scheduler implementations.
scx_simple, qmap, central and flatcg are updated accordingly. Other
schedulers are broken for the moment.
When a task runs more than once (running <->stopping) within one
runnable-quiescent transition, accumulate runtime of multiple runnings
for statistics. This helps to get the task's runtime per schedule when
supposing that a huge time slice is given, which is what we want to
collect for scheduling decisions.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Remove runtime_boost using slice_boost_prio. Without slice_boost_prio,
the scheduler collects the exact time slice.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Let's change the function names of update_stat_for_*() as follow their
callers for consistency and less confusion.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
The run_time_boosted_ns calculation requires updated slice_boost_prio,
so updating slice_boost_prio should be done before updating
run_time_boosted_ns.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
In scx_layered, we're using a BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH map (indexed by pid)
rather than a BPF_MAP_TYPE_TASK_STORAGE, to track local storage for a
task. As far as I can tell, there's no reason we need to be doing this.
We never access the map from user space, and we're even passing a
struct task_struct * to a helper subprog to look up the task context
rather than only doing it by pid.
Using a hashmap is error prone for this because we end up having to
manually track lifecycles for entries in the map rather than relying on
BPF to do it for us. For example, BPF will automatically free a task's
entry from the map when it exits. Let's just use TLS here rather than a
hashmap to avoid issues from this (e.g. we've observed the scheduler
getting evicted because we're accessing a stale map entry after a task
has been destroyed).
Reported-by: Valentin Andrei <vandrei@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
transit_task_stat() is now tracking the same runnable, running, stopping,
quiescent transitions that sched_ext core already tracks and always returns
%true. Let's remove it.
LAVD_TASK_STAT_ENQ is tracking a subset of runnable task state transitions -
the ones which end up calling ops.enqueue(). However, what it is trying to
track is a task becoming runnable so that its load can be added to the cpu's
load sum.
Move the LAVD_TASK_STAT_ENQ state transition and update_stat_for_enq()
invocation to ops.runnable() which is called for all runnable transitions.
Note that when all the methods are invoked, the invocation order would be
ops.select_cpu(), runnable() and then enqueue(). So, this change moves
update_stat_for_enq() invocation before calc_when_to_run() for
put_global_rq(). update_stat_for_enq() updates taskc->load_actual which is
consumed by calc_greedy_ratio() and thus affects calc_when_to_run().
Before this patch, calc_greedy_ratio() would use load_actual which doesn't
reflect the last running period. After this patch, the latest running period
will be reflected when the task gets queued to the global queue.
The difference is unlikely to matter but it'd probably make sense to make it
more consistent (e.g. do it at the end of quiescent transition).
After this change, transit_task_stat() doesn't detect any invalid
transitions.
scx_lavd tracks task state transitions and updates statistics on each valid
transition. However, there's an asymmetry between the runnable/running and
stopping/quiescent transitions. In the former, the runnable and running
transitions are accounted separately in update_stat_for_enq() and
update_stat_for_run(), respectively. However, in the latter, the two
transitions are combined together in update_stat_for_stop().
This asymmetry leads to incorrect accounting. For example, a task's load
should be added to the cpu's load sum when the task gets enqueued and
subtracted when the task is no longer runnable (quiescent). The former is
accounted correctly from update_stat_for_enq() but the latter is done
whenever the task stops. A task can transit between running and stopping
multiple times before becoming quiescent, so the asymmetry can end up
subtracting the load of a task which is still running from the cpu's load
sum.
This patch:
- introduces LAVD_TASK_STAT_QUIESCENT and updates transit_task_stat() so
that it can handle all valid state transitions including the multiple back
and forth transitions between two pairs - QUIESCENT <-> ENQ and RUNNING
<-> STOPPING.
- restores the symmetry by moving load adjustments part from
update_stat_for_stop() to new update_stat_for_quiescent().
This removes a good chunk of ignored transitions. The next patch will take
care of the rest.
lookup_task_ctx(), lookup_task_ctx_may_fail(), and lookup_layer()
currently don't have the static keyword, so BPF may treat them as a
global function. We don't actually want these to be global, so let's
make them static to avoid confusing the verifier.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
The old approach is mapping [0, maximum latency criticliy] to [-boost
range, boost range). This approach is easily affected by one outlier
maximum value and suffers from the integer truncation error. The new
approach divides the range into two -- [minimum latency criticality,
average latency criticality) and [average latency criticality, maximum
latency criticality] -- and maps them into [boost range/2, 0) and [0,
-boost range/2), respectively,
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Replace a latency weight arrary to more skewed one, which is the
inverse of sched_prio_to_slice_weight. It turns out more skewed one
works better under highly CPU-overloaded cases since it gives a longer
deadline to non-latency-critical tasks.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
As the calculated runtime increases by considering the number of
full-time slice consumption, increase the upper bound
(LAVD_LC_RUNTIME_MAX) of runtime to be considered in latency
calculation. Also, add LAVD_SLICE_BOOST_MAX_PRIO to avoid
slice_boost_prio dropping to zero suddenly.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Take slice_boost_prio -- how many times a full time slice was consumed
-- into consideration in calculating run_time_ns (runtime per schedule).
This improve the accuracy especially when a task is overscheduled and
its time slice is reduced for enforcing fairness.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
Returning prev_cpu after picking an idle CPU will cause the idle CPU
stall because the idle core was already punched out from the idle mask
by the scx core so it is no longer idle from the scx core's point of
view.
This fix conducts the idle core selection at the last step so it never
return prev_cpu after picking the idle core.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
get_task_ctx() and try_get_task_ctx() were added for common error
handling for task lookup failure. Since idle "swapper" task is not under
sched_ext, try_get_task_ctx() is added for the case such that idle task
can be searched.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
We don't need to test SCX_WAKE_SYNC because SCX_WAKE_SYNC should only be
set when SCX_WAKE_TTWU is set.
Signed-off-by: Changwoo Min <changwoo@igalia.com>
scx_lavd is a BPF scheduler that implements an LAVD (Latency-criticality
Aware Virtual Deadline) scheduling algorithm. While LAVD is new and
still evolving, its core ideas are 1) measuring how much a task is
latency critical and 2) leveraging the task's latency-criticality
information in making various scheduling decisions (e.g., task's
deadline, time slice, etc.). As the name implies, LAVD is based on the
foundation of deadline scheduling. This scheduler consists of the BPF
part and the rust part. The BPF part makes all the scheduling decisions;
the rust part loads the BPF code and conducts other chores (e.g.,
printing sampled scheduling decisions).
There were a few issues, e.g. us still mentioning the infeasible weights
problem, and arguments using underscores despite clap rendering them
with dashes. Let's fix them up.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
As described in https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218109,
https://github.com/sched-ext/scx/issues/147 and
https://github.com/sched-ext/sched_ext/issues/69, AMD chips can
sometimes report fully disabled CPUs as offline, which causes us to
count them when looking at /sys/devices/system/cpu/possible.
Additionally, systems can have holes in their active CPU maps. For
example, a system with CPUs 0, 1, 2, 3 possible, may have only 0 and 2
active. To address this, we need to do a few things:
1. Update topology.rs to be clear that it's returning the number of
_possible_ CPUs in the system. Also update Topology to only record
online CPUs when creating its span and iterating over sysfs when
creating domains. It was previously trying to record when a CPU was
online, but this was actually broken as the topology directory isn't
present in sysfs when the CPU is offline.
2. Schedulers should not be relying on nr_possible_cpus for anything
other than interacting with per-CPU data (e.g. for stats extraction),
or e.g. verifying maximum sizes of statically sized arrays in BPF. It
should _not_ be used for e.g. performing load calculations, etc. With
that said, we'll also need to update schedulers to not rely on the
nr_possible_cpus figure being exported by the topology crate. We do
that for rusty in this patch, but don't fix any of the others other
than updating how they call topology.rs.
3. Account for the fact that LLC IDs may be non-contiguous. For example,
if there is a single core in an LLC, then if we assign LLC IDs to
domains, then the domain IDs won't be contiguous. This doesn't fit
our current model which is used by e.g. infeasible_weights.rs. We'll
update some of the code in rusty to accomodate this, but we'll need
to do more.
4. Update schedulers to properly reset themselves in the event of a
hotplug event. We'll take care of that in a follow-on change.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
If a CPU is offline, it could cause an LLC to go offline, which could
cause us to have non-contiguous domain IDs. Right now, a few places in
code assume contiguous domain IDs, such as in the infeasible weights
crate. Let's update domain.rs and load_balaance.rs to do the right
thing. We'll fix the others later.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
We implement functions or(), and(), and xor() for cpumasks, but we
should also implement the bitwise ops for those operations in case
people prefer that syntax.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
We're iterating from min..max cpu in cpus_online(), but that's not
inclusive of the max CPU. Let's also include that so we don't think that
last CPU is offline.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Most of the schedulers assume that the amount of possible CPUs in the
system represents the actual number of CPUs available.
This is not always true: some CPUs may be offline or certain CPU models
(AMD CPUs for example) may include unavailable CPUs in this number.
This can lead to sub-optimal performance or even errors in the scheduler
(see for example [1][2]).
Ideally, we need to attack this issue in a more generic way, such as
having a proper API provided by a C library, that can be used by all
schedulers and the topology Rust module (scx_utils crate).
But for now, let's try to mitigate most of the common sub-optimal cases
separately inside each scheduler.
For rustland we can apply some mitigations both in select_cpu() (for the
BPF part) and in the user-space part:
- the former is fixed in the sched-ext kernel by commit 94dc0c01b957
("scx: Use cpu_online_mask when resetting idle masks"). However,
adding an extra check `cpu < num_possible_cpus` in select_cpu(),
allows to properly support AMD CPUs, even with kernels that don't
have the cpu_online_mask fix yet (this doesn't always guarantee the
validity of cpu, but it should be enough to mitigate the majority of
the potential sub-optimal cases, without introducing any significant
overhead)
- the latter can be fixed relying on topology.span(), instead of
topology.nr_cpus(), to count the amount of available CPUs in the
system.
[1] https://github.com/sched-ext/sched_ext/issues/69
[2] https://github.com/sched-ext/scx/issues/147
Link: 94dc0c01b9
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <andrea.righi@canonical.com>
Given the complexity of migrating load between nodes (we're doing four
nested loops), we should add a comment explaining what we're doing. This
commit does that. In addition, we use a VecDeque to store (and then
restore) push nodes and push domains so that we can re-add them to their
respective lists in load-sorted order rather than reverse-load-sorted
order. This allows us to avoid having to do unnecessary right-shifts
every time a push object is re-added to its containing list.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Fixing alignment, moving a couple bail! calls around, and adding a
missing break from move_between_nodes() that lets us bail out of a loop
early.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
As Tejun pointed out in review, the disadvantage of using
push/pull/balanced lists is that if the domains inside the nodes are
balanced, we won't be able to push load between them. I'd originally
done it that way both as an optimization, but also to allow me to
iterate over the lists of pushable and pullable domains mutably. That
was addressed in the prior commit, but the nodes themselves were still
put into 3 buckets.
I think this is generally just a cleaner way of doing things, so let's
just collapse the nodes into a flat list as well. This prevents us from
having to coalesce the lists, std::mem::swap them, etc.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Tejun pointed out that a possible issue exists in the current
implementation, wherein if you have two NUMA nodes that are imbalanced,
but their domains are internally balanced, we'll fail to migrate between
them if all nodes are in the balanced_nodes list.
To address this, let's just use a single global list for all types of
domains, and do checking internally for imbalances. The reason it was
done this way in the first place was to allow me to mutably iterate over
both vectors in a nested loop. The way around that is to just use loop
{} and push/pop domains from the list.
We could do the same thing for the NUMA nodes themselves, which are also
in 3 separate lists in the LoadBalancer. We'll do that in a subsequent
commit.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
In scx_rusty, a CPU that is going to go idle will attempt to steal tasks
from remote domains when its domain has no tasks to run, and a remote
domain has at least greedy_threshold enqueued tasks. This stealing is
temporary, but of course has a cost in that the CPU that's stealing the
task may cause it to suffer from cache misses, or in the case of
multi-node machines, remote NUMA accesses and working sets split across
multiple domains.
Given the higher cost of x NUMA work stealing, let's add a separate flag
that lets users tune the threshold for doing cross NUMA greedy task
stealing.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
