storj/private/migrate/versions.go

// Copyright (C) 2019 Storj Labs, Inc.
// See LICENSE for copying information.

package migrate

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"time"

	"github.com/zeebo/errs"
	"go.uber.org/zap"
)

var (
	// ErrValidateVersionQuery is when there is an error querying version table
	ErrValidateVersionQuery = errs.Class("validate db version query error")
	// ErrValidateVersionMismatch is when the migration version does not match the current database version
	ErrValidateVersionMismatch = errs.Class("validate db version mismatch error")
	// ErrValidateMinVersion is when the migration version does not match the current database version
	ErrValidateMinVersion = errs.Class("validate minimum version error")
)

/*

Scenarios it doesn't handle properly.

1. Rollback to initial state on multi-step migration.

	Let's say there's a scenario where we run migration steps:
	1. update a table schema
	2. move files
	3. update a table schema
	4. update a table schema, which fails

	In this case there's no easy way to rollback the moving of files.

2. Undoing migrations.

	Intentionally left out, because we do not gain that much from currently.

3. Snapshotting the whole state.

	This probably should be done by the user of this library, when there's disk-space available.

4. Figuring out what the exact executed steps are.
*/

// Migration describes a migration steps
type Migration struct {
	Table string
	Steps []*Step
}

// Step describes a single step in migration.
type Step struct {
	DB          DB // The DB to execute this step on
	Description string
	Version     int // Versions should start at 0
	Action      Action
}

// Action is something that needs to be done
type Action interface {
	Run(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger, db DB, tx *sql.Tx) error
}

// TargetVersion returns migration with steps upto specified version
func (migration *Migration) TargetVersion(version int) *Migration {
	m := *migration
	m.Steps = nil
	for _, step := range migration.Steps {
		if step.Version <= version {
			m.Steps = append(m.Steps, step)
		}
	}
	return &m
}

// ValidTableName checks whether the specified table name is valid
func (migration *Migration) ValidTableName() error {
	matched, err := regexp.MatchString(`^[a-z_]+$`, migration.Table)
	if !matched || err != nil {
		return Error.New("invalid table name: %v", migration.Table)
	}
	return nil
}

// ValidateSteps checks that the version for each migration step increments in order
func (migration *Migration) ValidateSteps() error {
	sorted := sort.SliceIsSorted(migration.Steps, func(i, j int) bool {
		return migration.Steps[i].Version <= migration.Steps[j].Version
	})
	if !sorted {
		return Error.New("steps have incorrect order")
	}
	return nil
}

// ValidateVersions checks that the version of the migration matches the state of the database
func (migration *Migration) ValidateVersions(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger) error {
	for _, step := range migration.Steps {
		dbVersion, err := migration.getLatestVersion(ctx, log, step.DB)
		if err != nil {
			return ErrValidateVersionQuery.Wrap(err)
		}

		if step.Version > dbVersion {
			return ErrValidateVersionMismatch.New("expected %d <= %d", step.Version, dbVersion)
		}
	}

	if len(migration.Steps) > 0 {
		last := migration.Steps[len(migration.Steps)-1]
		log.Debug("Database version is up to date", zap.Int("version", last.Version))
	} else {
		log.Debug("No Versions")
	}

	return nil
}

// Run runs the migration steps
func (migration *Migration) Run(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger) error {
	err := migration.ValidTableName()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = migration.ValidateSteps()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	initialSetup := false
	for i, step := range migration.Steps {
		step := step
		if step.DB == nil {
			return Error.New("step.DB is nil for step %d", step.Version)
		}

		err = migration.ensureVersionTable(ctx, log, step.DB)
		if err != nil {
			return Error.New("creating version table failed: %w", err)
		}

		version, err := migration.getLatestVersion(ctx, log, step.DB)
		if err != nil {
			return Error.Wrap(err)
		}
		if i == 0 && version < 0 {
			initialSetup = true
		}

		if step.Version <= version {
			continue
		}

		stepLog := log.Named(strconv.Itoa(step.Version))
		if !initialSetup {
			stepLog.Info(step.Description)
		}

		err = WithTx(ctx, step.DB, func(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
			err = step.Action.Run(ctx, stepLog, step.DB, tx)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			err = migration.addVersion(ctx, tx, step.DB, step.Version)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			return nil
		})
		if err != nil {
			return Error.Wrap(err)
		}
	}

	if len(migration.Steps) > 0 {
		last := migration.Steps[len(migration.Steps)-1]
		if initialSetup {
			log.Info("Database Created", zap.Int("version", last.Version))
		} else {
			log.Info("Database Version", zap.Int("version", last.Version))
		}
	} else {
		log.Info("No Versions")
	}

	return nil
}

// createVersionTable creates a new version table
func (migration *Migration) ensureVersionTable(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger, db DB) error {
	err := WithTx(ctx, db, func(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
		_, err := tx.Exec(rebind(db, `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `+migration.Table+` (version int, commited_at text)`)) //nolint:misspell
		return err
	})
	return Error.Wrap(err)
}

// getLatestVersion finds the latest version table
func (migration *Migration) getLatestVersion(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger, db DB) (int, error) {
	var version sql.NullInt64
	err := WithTx(ctx, db, func(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
		err := tx.QueryRow(rebind(db, `SELECT MAX(version) FROM `+migration.Table)).Scan(&version)
		if err == sql.ErrNoRows || !version.Valid {
			version.Int64 = -1
			return nil
		}
		return err
	})

	return int(version.Int64), Error.Wrap(err)
}

// addVersion adds information about a new migration
func (migration *Migration) addVersion(ctx context.Context, tx *sql.Tx, db DB, version int) error {
	_, err := tx.Exec(rebind(db, `
		INSERT INTO `+migration.Table+` (version, commited_at) VALUES (?, ?)`), //nolint:misspell
		version, time.Now().String(),
	)
	return err
}

// CurrentVersion finds the latest version for the db
func (migration *Migration) CurrentVersion(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger, db DB) (int, error) {
	err := migration.ensureVersionTable(ctx, log, db)
	if err != nil {
		return -1, Error.Wrap(err)
	}
	return migration.getLatestVersion(ctx, log, db)
}

// SQL statements that are executed on the database
type SQL []string

// Run runs the SQL statements
func (sql SQL) Run(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger, db DB, tx *sql.Tx) (err error) {
	for _, query := range sql {
		_, err := tx.Exec(rebind(db, query))
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Func is an arbitrary operation
type Func func(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger, db DB, tx *sql.Tx) error

// Run runs the migration
func (fn Func) Run(ctx context.Context, log *zap.Logger, db DB, tx *sql.Tx) error {
	return fn(ctx, log, db, tx)
}