673 lines
22 KiB
Nix
673 lines
22 KiB
Nix
# This module creates a virtual machine from the NixOS configuration.
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# Building the `config.system.build.vm' attribute gives you a command
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# that starts a KVM/QEMU VM running the NixOS configuration defined in
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# `config'. The Nix store is shared read-only with the host, which
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# makes (re)building VMs very efficient. However, it also means you
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# can't reconfigure the guest inside the guest - you need to rebuild
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# the VM in the host. On the other hand, the root filesystem is a
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# read/writable disk image persistent across VM reboots.
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{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
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with lib;
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with import ../../lib/qemu-flags.nix { inherit pkgs; };
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let
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qemu = config.system.build.qemu or pkgs.qemu_test;
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vmName =
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if config.networking.hostName == ""
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then "noname"
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else config.networking.hostName;
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cfg = config.virtualisation;
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consoles = lib.concatMapStringsSep " " (c: "console=${c}") cfg.qemu.consoles;
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driveOpts = { ... }: {
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options = {
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file = mkOption {
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type = types.str;
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description = "The file image used for this drive.";
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};
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driveExtraOpts = mkOption {
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type = types.attrsOf types.str;
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default = {};
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description = "Extra options passed to drive flag.";
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};
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deviceExtraOpts = mkOption {
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type = types.attrsOf types.str;
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default = {};
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description = "Extra options passed to device flag.";
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};
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};
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};
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driveCmdline = idx: { file, driveExtraOpts, deviceExtraOpts, ... }:
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let
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drvId = "drive${toString idx}";
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mkKeyValue = generators.mkKeyValueDefault {} "=";
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mkOpts = opts: concatStringsSep "," (mapAttrsToList mkKeyValue opts);
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driveOpts = mkOpts (driveExtraOpts // {
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index = idx;
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id = drvId;
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"if" = "none";
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inherit file;
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});
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deviceOpts = mkOpts (deviceExtraOpts // {
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drive = drvId;
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});
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device =
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if cfg.qemu.diskInterface == "scsi" then
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"-device lsi53c895a -device scsi-hd,${deviceOpts}"
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else
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"-device virtio-blk-pci,${deviceOpts}";
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in
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"-drive ${driveOpts} ${device}";
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drivesCmdLine = drives: concatStringsSep " " (imap1 driveCmdline drives);
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# Shell script to start the VM.
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startVM =
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''
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#! ${pkgs.runtimeShell}
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NIX_DISK_IMAGE=$(readlink -f ''${NIX_DISK_IMAGE:-${config.virtualisation.diskImage}})
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if ! test -e "$NIX_DISK_IMAGE"; then
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${qemu}/bin/qemu-img create -f qcow2 "$NIX_DISK_IMAGE" \
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${toString config.virtualisation.diskSize}M || exit 1
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fi
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# Create a directory for storing temporary data of the running VM.
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if [ -z "$TMPDIR" -o -z "$USE_TMPDIR" ]; then
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TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d nix-vm.XXXXXXXXXX --tmpdir)
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fi
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# Create a directory for exchanging data with the VM.
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mkdir -p $TMPDIR/xchg
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${if cfg.useBootLoader then ''
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# Create a writable copy/snapshot of the boot disk.
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# A writable boot disk can be booted from automatically.
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${qemu}/bin/qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b ${bootDisk}/disk.img $TMPDIR/disk.img || exit 1
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${if cfg.useEFIBoot then ''
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# VM needs a writable flash BIOS.
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cp ${bootDisk}/bios.bin $TMPDIR || exit 1
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chmod 0644 $TMPDIR/bios.bin || exit 1
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'' else ''
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''}
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'' else ''
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''}
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cd $TMPDIR
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idx=0
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${flip concatMapStrings cfg.emptyDiskImages (size: ''
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if ! test -e "empty$idx.qcow2"; then
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${qemu}/bin/qemu-img create -f qcow2 "empty$idx.qcow2" "${toString size}M"
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fi
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idx=$((idx + 1))
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'')}
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# Start QEMU.
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exec ${qemuBinary qemu} \
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-name ${vmName} \
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-m ${toString config.virtualisation.memorySize} \
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-smp ${toString config.virtualisation.cores} \
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-device virtio-rng-pci \
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${concatStringsSep " " config.virtualisation.qemu.networkingOptions} \
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-virtfs local,path=/nix/store,security_model=none,mount_tag=store \
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-virtfs local,path=$TMPDIR/xchg,security_model=none,mount_tag=xchg \
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-virtfs local,path=''${SHARED_DIR:-$TMPDIR/xchg},security_model=none,mount_tag=shared \
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${drivesCmdLine config.virtualisation.qemu.drives} \
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${toString config.virtualisation.qemu.options} \
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$QEMU_OPTS \
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"$@"
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'';
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regInfo = pkgs.closureInfo { rootPaths = config.virtualisation.pathsInNixDB; };
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# Generate a hard disk image containing a /boot partition and GRUB
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# in the MBR. Used when the `useBootLoader' option is set.
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# FIXME: use nixos/lib/make-disk-image.nix.
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bootDisk =
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pkgs.vmTools.runInLinuxVM (
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pkgs.runCommand "nixos-boot-disk"
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{ preVM =
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''
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mkdir $out
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diskImage=$out/disk.img
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bootFlash=$out/bios.bin
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${qemu}/bin/qemu-img create -f qcow2 $diskImage "40M"
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${if cfg.useEFIBoot then ''
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cp ${pkgs.OVMF-CSM.fd}/FV/OVMF.fd $bootFlash
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chmod 0644 $bootFlash
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'' else ''
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''}
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'';
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buildInputs = [ pkgs.utillinux ];
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QEMU_OPTS = if cfg.useEFIBoot
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then "-pflash $out/bios.bin -nographic -serial pty"
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else "-nographic -serial pty";
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}
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''
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# Create a /boot EFI partition with 40M and arbitrary but fixed GUIDs for reproducibility
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${pkgs.gptfdisk}/bin/sgdisk \
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--set-alignment=1 --new=1:34:2047 --change-name=1:BIOSBootPartition --typecode=1:ef02 \
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--set-alignment=512 --largest-new=2 --change-name=2:EFISystem --typecode=2:ef00 \
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--attributes=1:set:1 \
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--attributes=2:set:2 \
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--disk-guid=97FD5997-D90B-4AA3-8D16-C1723AEA73C1 \
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--partition-guid=1:1C06F03B-704E-4657-B9CD-681A087A2FDC \
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--partition-guid=2:970C694F-AFD0-4B99-B750-CDB7A329AB6F \
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--hybrid 2 \
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--recompute-chs /dev/vda
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${pkgs.dosfstools}/bin/mkfs.fat -F16 /dev/vda2
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export MTOOLS_SKIP_CHECK=1
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${pkgs.mtools}/bin/mlabel -i /dev/vda2 ::boot
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# Mount /boot; load necessary modules first.
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${pkgs.kmod}/bin/insmod ${pkgs.linux}/lib/modules/*/kernel/fs/nls/nls_cp437.ko.xz || true
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${pkgs.kmod}/bin/insmod ${pkgs.linux}/lib/modules/*/kernel/fs/nls/nls_iso8859-1.ko.xz || true
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${pkgs.kmod}/bin/insmod ${pkgs.linux}/lib/modules/*/kernel/fs/fat/fat.ko.xz || true
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${pkgs.kmod}/bin/insmod ${pkgs.linux}/lib/modules/*/kernel/fs/fat/vfat.ko.xz || true
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${pkgs.kmod}/bin/insmod ${pkgs.linux}/lib/modules/*/kernel/fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.ko.xz || true
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mkdir /boot
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mount /dev/vda2 /boot
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# This is needed for GRUB 0.97, which doesn't know about virtio devices.
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mkdir /boot/grub
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echo '(hd0) /dev/vda' > /boot/grub/device.map
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# This is needed for systemd-boot to find ESP, and udev is not available here to create this
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mkdir -p /dev/block
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ln -s /dev/vda2 /dev/block/254:2
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# Set up system profile (normally done by nixos-rebuild / nix-env --set)
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mkdir -p /nix/var/nix/profiles
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ln -s ${config.system.build.toplevel} /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-1-link
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ln -s /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-1-link /nix/var/nix/profiles/system
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# Install bootloader
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touch /etc/NIXOS
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export NIXOS_INSTALL_BOOTLOADER=1
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${config.system.build.toplevel}/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
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umount /boot
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'' # */
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);
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in
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{
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imports = [
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../profiles/qemu-guest.nix
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./docker-preloader.nix
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];
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options = {
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virtualisation.memorySize =
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mkOption {
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default = 384;
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description =
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''
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Memory size (M) of virtual machine.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.diskSize =
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mkOption {
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default = 512;
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description =
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''
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Disk size (M) of virtual machine.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.diskImage =
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mkOption {
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default = "./${vmName}.qcow2";
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description =
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''
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Path to the disk image containing the root filesystem.
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The image will be created on startup if it does not
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exist.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.bootDevice =
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mkOption {
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type = types.str;
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example = "/dev/vda";
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description =
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''
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The disk to be used for the root filesystem.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.emptyDiskImages =
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mkOption {
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default = [];
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type = types.listOf types.int;
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description =
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''
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Additional disk images to provide to the VM. The value is
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a list of size in megabytes of each disk. These disks are
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writeable by the VM.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.graphics =
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mkOption {
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default = true;
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description =
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''
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Whether to run QEMU with a graphics window, or in nographic mode.
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Serial console will be enabled on both settings, but this will
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change the preferred console.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.cores =
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mkOption {
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default = 1;
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type = types.int;
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description =
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''
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Specify the number of cores the guest is permitted to use.
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The number can be higher than the available cores on the
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host system.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.pathsInNixDB =
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mkOption {
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default = [];
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description =
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''
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The list of paths whose closure is registered in the Nix
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database in the VM. All other paths in the host Nix store
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appear in the guest Nix store as well, but are considered
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garbage (because they are not registered in the Nix
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database in the guest).
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.vlans =
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mkOption {
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default = [ 1 ];
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example = [ 1 2 ];
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description =
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''
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Virtual networks to which the VM is connected. Each
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number <replaceable>N</replaceable> in this list causes
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the VM to have a virtual Ethernet interface attached to a
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separate virtual network on which it will be assigned IP
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address
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<literal>192.168.<replaceable>N</replaceable>.<replaceable>M</replaceable></literal>,
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where <replaceable>M</replaceable> is the index of this VM
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in the list of VMs.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.writableStore =
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mkOption {
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default = true; # FIXME
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description =
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''
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If enabled, the Nix store in the VM is made writable by
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layering an overlay filesystem on top of the host's Nix
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store.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.writableStoreUseTmpfs =
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mkOption {
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default = true;
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description =
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''
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Use a tmpfs for the writable store instead of writing to the VM's
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own filesystem.
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'';
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};
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networking.primaryIPAddress =
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mkOption {
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default = "";
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internal = true;
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description = "Primary IP address used in /etc/hosts.";
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};
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virtualisation.qemu = {
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options =
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mkOption {
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type = types.listOf types.unspecified;
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default = [];
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example = [ "-vga std" ];
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description = "Options passed to QEMU.";
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};
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consoles = mkOption {
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type = types.listOf types.str;
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default = let
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consoles = [ "${qemuSerialDevice},115200n8" "tty0" ];
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in if cfg.graphics then consoles else reverseList consoles;
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example = [ "console=tty1" ];
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description = ''
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The output console devices to pass to the kernel command line via the
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<literal>console</literal> parameter, the primary console is the last
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item of this list.
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By default it enables both serial console and
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<literal>tty0</literal>. The preferred console (last one) is based on
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the value of <option>virtualisation.graphics</option>.
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'';
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};
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networkingOptions =
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mkOption {
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default = [
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"-net nic,netdev=user.0,model=virtio"
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"-netdev user,id=user.0\${QEMU_NET_OPTS:+,$QEMU_NET_OPTS}"
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];
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type = types.listOf types.str;
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description = ''
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Networking-related command-line options that should be passed to qemu.
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The default is to use userspace networking (slirp).
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If you override this option, be advised to keep
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''${QEMU_NET_OPTS:+,$QEMU_NET_OPTS} (as seen in the default)
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to keep the default runtime behaviour.
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'';
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};
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drives =
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mkOption {
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type = types.listOf (types.submodule driveOpts);
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description = "Drives passed to qemu.";
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};
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diskInterface =
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mkOption {
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default = "virtio";
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example = "scsi";
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type = types.enum [ "virtio" "scsi" "ide" ];
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description = "The interface used for the virtual hard disks.";
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};
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guestAgent.enable =
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mkOption {
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default = true;
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type = types.bool;
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description = ''
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Enable the Qemu guest agent.
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'';
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};
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};
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virtualisation.useBootLoader =
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mkOption {
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default = false;
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description =
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''
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If enabled, the virtual machine will be booted using the
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regular boot loader (i.e., GRUB 1 or 2). This allows
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testing of the boot loader. If
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disabled (the default), the VM directly boots the NixOS
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kernel and initial ramdisk, bypassing the boot loader
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altogether.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.useEFIBoot =
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mkOption {
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default = false;
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description =
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''
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If enabled, the virtual machine will provide a EFI boot
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manager.
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useEFIBoot is ignored if useBootLoader == false.
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'';
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};
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virtualisation.bios =
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mkOption {
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default = null;
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type = types.nullOr types.package;
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description =
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''
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An alternate BIOS (such as <package>qboot</package>) with which to start the VM.
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Should contain a file named <literal>bios.bin</literal>.
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If <literal>null</literal>, QEMU's builtin SeaBIOS will be used.
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'';
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};
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};
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config = {
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boot.loader.grub.device = mkVMOverride cfg.bootDevice;
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boot.initrd.extraUtilsCommands =
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''
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# We need mke2fs in the initrd.
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copy_bin_and_libs ${pkgs.e2fsprogs}/bin/mke2fs
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'';
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boot.initrd.postDeviceCommands =
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''
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# If the disk image appears to be empty, run mke2fs to
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# initialise.
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FSTYPE=$(blkid -o value -s TYPE ${cfg.bootDevice} || true)
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if test -z "$FSTYPE"; then
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mke2fs -t ext4 ${cfg.bootDevice}
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fi
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'';
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boot.initrd.postMountCommands =
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''
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# Mark this as a NixOS machine.
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mkdir -p $targetRoot/etc
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echo -n > $targetRoot/etc/NIXOS
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# Fix the permissions on /tmp.
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chmod 1777 $targetRoot/tmp
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mkdir -p $targetRoot/boot
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${optionalString cfg.writableStore ''
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echo "mounting overlay filesystem on /nix/store..."
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mkdir -p 0755 $targetRoot/nix/.rw-store/store $targetRoot/nix/.rw-store/work $targetRoot/nix/store
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mount -t overlay overlay $targetRoot/nix/store \
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-o lowerdir=$targetRoot/nix/.ro-store,upperdir=$targetRoot/nix/.rw-store/store,workdir=$targetRoot/nix/.rw-store/work || fail
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''}
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'';
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# After booting, register the closure of the paths in
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# `virtualisation.pathsInNixDB' in the Nix database in the VM. This
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# allows Nix operations to work in the VM. The path to the
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# registration file is passed through the kernel command line to
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# allow `system.build.toplevel' to be included. (If we had a direct
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# reference to ${regInfo} here, then we would get a cyclic
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# dependency.)
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boot.postBootCommands =
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''
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if [[ "$(cat /proc/cmdline)" =~ regInfo=([^ ]*) ]]; then
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${config.nix.package.out}/bin/nix-store --load-db < ''${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
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fi
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'';
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boot.initrd.availableKernelModules =
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optional cfg.writableStore "overlay"
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++ optional (cfg.qemu.diskInterface == "scsi") "sym53c8xx";
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virtualisation.bootDevice =
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mkDefault (if cfg.qemu.diskInterface == "scsi" then "/dev/sda" else "/dev/vda");
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virtualisation.pathsInNixDB = [ config.system.build.toplevel ];
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# FIXME: Consolidate this one day.
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virtualisation.qemu.options = mkMerge [
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(mkIf (pkgs.stdenv.isi686 || pkgs.stdenv.isx86_64) [
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"-usb" "-device usb-tablet,bus=usb-bus.0"
|
|
])
|
|
(mkIf (pkgs.stdenv.isAarch32 || pkgs.stdenv.isAarch64) [
|
|
"-device virtio-gpu-pci" "-device usb-ehci,id=usb0" "-device usb-kbd" "-device usb-tablet"
|
|
])
|
|
(mkIf (!cfg.useBootLoader) [
|
|
"-kernel ${config.system.build.toplevel}/kernel"
|
|
"-initrd ${config.system.build.toplevel}/initrd"
|
|
''-append "$(cat ${config.system.build.toplevel}/kernel-params) init=${config.system.build.toplevel}/init regInfo=${regInfo}/registration ${consoles} $QEMU_KERNEL_PARAMS"''
|
|
])
|
|
(mkIf cfg.useEFIBoot [
|
|
"-pflash $TMPDIR/bios.bin"
|
|
])
|
|
(mkIf (cfg.bios != null) [
|
|
"-bios ${cfg.bios}/bios.bin"
|
|
])
|
|
(mkIf (!cfg.graphics) [
|
|
"-nographic"
|
|
])
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
virtualisation.qemu.drives = mkMerge [
|
|
(mkIf cfg.useBootLoader [
|
|
{
|
|
file = "$NIX_DISK_IMAGE";
|
|
driveExtraOpts.cache = "writeback";
|
|
driveExtraOpts.werror = "report";
|
|
}
|
|
{
|
|
file = "$TMPDIR/disk.img";
|
|
driveExtraOpts.media = "disk";
|
|
deviceExtraOpts.bootindex = "1";
|
|
}
|
|
])
|
|
(mkIf (!cfg.useBootLoader) [
|
|
{
|
|
file = "$NIX_DISK_IMAGE";
|
|
driveExtraOpts.cache = "writeback";
|
|
driveExtraOpts.werror = "report";
|
|
}
|
|
])
|
|
(imap0 (idx: _: {
|
|
file = "$(pwd)/empty${toString idx}.qcow2";
|
|
driveExtraOpts.werror = "report";
|
|
}) cfg.emptyDiskImages)
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
# Mount the host filesystem via 9P, and bind-mount the Nix store
|
|
# of the host into our own filesystem. We use mkVMOverride to
|
|
# allow this module to be applied to "normal" NixOS system
|
|
# configuration, where the regular value for the `fileSystems'
|
|
# attribute should be disregarded for the purpose of building a VM
|
|
# test image (since those filesystems don't exist in the VM).
|
|
fileSystems = mkVMOverride (
|
|
{ "/".device = cfg.bootDevice;
|
|
${if cfg.writableStore then "/nix/.ro-store" else "/nix/store"} =
|
|
{ device = "store";
|
|
fsType = "9p";
|
|
options = [ "trans=virtio" "version=9p2000.L" "cache=loose" ];
|
|
neededForBoot = true;
|
|
};
|
|
"/tmp" = mkIf config.boot.tmpOnTmpfs
|
|
{ device = "tmpfs";
|
|
fsType = "tmpfs";
|
|
neededForBoot = true;
|
|
# Sync with systemd's tmp.mount;
|
|
options = [ "mode=1777" "strictatime" "nosuid" "nodev" ];
|
|
};
|
|
"/tmp/xchg" =
|
|
{ device = "xchg";
|
|
fsType = "9p";
|
|
options = [ "trans=virtio" "version=9p2000.L" ];
|
|
neededForBoot = true;
|
|
};
|
|
"/tmp/shared" =
|
|
{ device = "shared";
|
|
fsType = "9p";
|
|
options = [ "trans=virtio" "version=9p2000.L" ];
|
|
neededForBoot = true;
|
|
};
|
|
} // optionalAttrs (cfg.writableStore && cfg.writableStoreUseTmpfs)
|
|
{ "/nix/.rw-store" =
|
|
{ fsType = "tmpfs";
|
|
options = [ "mode=0755" ];
|
|
neededForBoot = true;
|
|
};
|
|
} // optionalAttrs cfg.useBootLoader
|
|
{ "/boot" =
|
|
{ device = "/dev/vdb2";
|
|
fsType = "vfat";
|
|
options = [ "ro" ];
|
|
noCheck = true; # fsck fails on a r/o filesystem
|
|
};
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
swapDevices = mkVMOverride [ ];
|
|
boot.initrd.luks.devices = mkVMOverride {};
|
|
|
|
# Don't run ntpd in the guest. It should get the correct time from KVM.
|
|
services.timesyncd.enable = false;
|
|
|
|
services.qemuGuest.enable = cfg.qemu.guestAgent.enable;
|
|
|
|
system.build.vm = pkgs.runCommand "nixos-vm" { preferLocalBuild = true; }
|
|
''
|
|
mkdir -p $out/bin
|
|
ln -s ${config.system.build.toplevel} $out/system
|
|
ln -s ${pkgs.writeScript "run-nixos-vm" startVM} $out/bin/run-${vmName}-vm
|
|
'';
|
|
|
|
# When building a regular system configuration, override whatever
|
|
# video driver the host uses.
|
|
services.xserver.videoDrivers = mkVMOverride [ "modesetting" ];
|
|
services.xserver.defaultDepth = mkVMOverride 0;
|
|
services.xserver.resolutions = mkVMOverride [ { x = 1024; y = 768; } ];
|
|
services.xserver.monitorSection =
|
|
''
|
|
# Set a higher refresh rate so that resolutions > 800x600 work.
|
|
HorizSync 30-140
|
|
VertRefresh 50-160
|
|
'';
|
|
|
|
# Wireless won't work in the VM.
|
|
networking.wireless.enable = mkVMOverride false;
|
|
services.connman.enable = mkVMOverride false;
|
|
|
|
# Speed up booting by not waiting for ARP.
|
|
networking.dhcpcd.extraConfig = "noarp";
|
|
|
|
networking.usePredictableInterfaceNames = false;
|
|
|
|
system.requiredKernelConfig = with config.lib.kernelConfig;
|
|
[ (isEnabled "VIRTIO_BLK")
|
|
(isEnabled "VIRTIO_PCI")
|
|
(isEnabled "VIRTIO_NET")
|
|
(isEnabled "EXT4_FS")
|
|
(isYes "BLK_DEV")
|
|
(isYes "PCI")
|
|
(isYes "EXPERIMENTAL")
|
|
(isYes "NETDEVICES")
|
|
(isYes "NET_CORE")
|
|
(isYes "INET")
|
|
(isYes "NETWORK_FILESYSTEMS")
|
|
] ++ optional (!cfg.graphics) [
|
|
(isYes "SERIAL_8250_CONSOLE")
|
|
(isYes "SERIAL_8250")
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
}
|