nixos: nixos/doc/manual/installation/upgrading.xml to CommonMark
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Bobby Rong
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nixos/doc/manual/from_md/installation/upgrading.chapter.xml
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152
nixos/doc/manual/from_md/installation/upgrading.chapter.xml
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@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:id="sec-upgrading">
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<title>Upgrading NixOS</title>
|
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<para>
|
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The best way to keep your NixOS installation up to date is to use
|
||||
one of the NixOS <emphasis>channels</emphasis>. A channel is a Nix
|
||||
mechanism for distributing Nix expressions and associated binaries.
|
||||
The NixOS channels are updated automatically from NixOS’s Git
|
||||
repository after certain tests have passed and all packages have
|
||||
been built. These channels are:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<emphasis>Stable channels</emphasis>, such as
|
||||
<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05"><literal>nixos-21.05</literal></link>.
|
||||
These only get conservative bug fixes and package upgrades. For
|
||||
instance, a channel update may cause the Linux kernel on your
|
||||
system to be upgraded from 4.19.34 to 4.19.38 (a minor bug fix),
|
||||
but not from 4.19.x to 4.20.x (a major change that has the
|
||||
potential to break things). Stable channels are generally
|
||||
maintained until the next stable branch is created.
|
||||
</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
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<listitem>
|
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<para>
|
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The <emphasis>unstable channel</emphasis>,
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<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable"><literal>nixos-unstable</literal></link>.
|
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This corresponds to NixOS’s main development branch, and may
|
||||
thus see radical changes between channel updates. It’s not
|
||||
recommended for production systems.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
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<para>
|
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<emphasis>Small channels</emphasis>, such as
|
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<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05-small"><literal>nixos-21.05-small</literal></link>
|
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or
|
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<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable-small"><literal>nixos-unstable-small</literal></link>.
|
||||
These are identical to the stable and unstable channels
|
||||
described above, except that they contain fewer binary packages.
|
||||
This means they get updated faster than the regular channels
|
||||
(for instance, when a critical security patch is committed to
|
||||
NixOS’s source tree), but may require more packages to be built
|
||||
from source than usual. They’re mostly intended for server
|
||||
environments and as such contain few GUI applications.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
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</itemizedlist>
|
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<para>
|
||||
To see what channels are available, go to
|
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<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels">https://nixos.org/channels</link>.
|
||||
(Note that the URIs of the various channels redirect to a directory
|
||||
that contains the channel’s latest version and includes ISO images
|
||||
and VirtualBox appliances.) Please note that during the release
|
||||
process, channels that are not yet released will be present here as
|
||||
well. See the Getting NixOS page
|
||||
<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html</link>
|
||||
to find the newest supported stable release.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
When you first install NixOS, you’re automatically subscribed to the
|
||||
NixOS channel that corresponds to your installation source. For
|
||||
instance, if you installed from a 21.05 ISO, you will be subscribed
|
||||
to the <literal>nixos-21.05</literal> channel. To see which NixOS
|
||||
channel you’re subscribed to, run the following as root:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
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# nix-channel --list | grep nixos
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nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable
|
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</programlisting>
|
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<para>
|
||||
To switch to a different NixOS channel, do
|
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</para>
|
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<programlisting>
|
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# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/channel-name nixos
|
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</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
(Be sure to include the <literal>nixos</literal> parameter at the
|
||||
end.) For instance, to use the NixOS 21.05 stable channel:
|
||||
</para>
|
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<programlisting>
|
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# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05 nixos
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</programlisting>
|
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<para>
|
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If you have a server, you may want to use the <quote>small</quote>
|
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channel instead:
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</para>
|
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<programlisting>
|
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# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05-small nixos
|
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</programlisting>
|
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<para>
|
||||
And if you want to live on the bleeding edge:
|
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</para>
|
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<programlisting>
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You can then upgrade NixOS to the latest version in your chosen
|
||||
channel by running
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
# nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
which is equivalent to the more verbose
|
||||
<literal>nix-channel --update nixos; nixos-rebuild switch</literal>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Channels are set per user. This means that running
|
||||
<literal>nix-channel --add</literal> as a non root user (or
|
||||
without sudo) will not affect configuration in
|
||||
<literal>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<warning>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
It is generally safe to switch back and forth between channels.
|
||||
The only exception is that a newer NixOS may also have a newer Nix
|
||||
version, which may involve an upgrade of Nix’s database schema.
|
||||
This cannot be undone easily, so in that case you will not be able
|
||||
to go back to your original channel.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</warning>
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-upgrading-automatic">
|
||||
<title>Automatic Upgrades</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You can keep a NixOS system up-to-date automatically by adding the
|
||||
following to <literal>configuration.nix</literal>:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash">
|
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system.autoUpgrade.enable = true;
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system.autoUpgrade.allowReboot = true;
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
This enables a periodically executed systemd service named
|
||||
<literal>nixos-upgrade.service</literal>. If the
|
||||
<literal>allowReboot</literal> option is <literal>false</literal>,
|
||||
it runs <literal>nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade</literal> to
|
||||
upgrade NixOS to the latest version in the current channel. (To
|
||||
see when the service runs, see
|
||||
<literal>systemctl list-timers</literal>.) If
|
||||
<literal>allowReboot</literal> is <literal>true</literal>, then
|
||||
the system will automatically reboot if the new generation
|
||||
contains a different kernel, initrd or kernel modules. You can
|
||||
also specify a channel explicitly, e.g.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<programlisting language="bash">
|
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system.autoUpgrade.channel = https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05;
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</programlisting>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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@ -13,5 +13,5 @@
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<xi:include href="../from_md/installation/obtaining.chapter.xml" />
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<xi:include href="installing.xml" />
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<xi:include href="../from_md/installation/changing-config.chapter.xml" />
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<xi:include href="upgrading.xml" />
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<xi:include href="../from_md/installation/upgrading.chapter.xml" />
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</part>
|
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118
nixos/doc/manual/installation/upgrading.chapter.md
Normal file
118
nixos/doc/manual/installation/upgrading.chapter.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
|
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# Upgrading NixOS {#sec-upgrading}
|
||||
|
||||
The best way to keep your NixOS installation up to date is to use one of
|
||||
the NixOS *channels*. A channel is a Nix mechanism for distributing Nix
|
||||
expressions and associated binaries. The NixOS channels are updated
|
||||
automatically from NixOS's Git repository after certain tests have
|
||||
passed and all packages have been built. These channels are:
|
||||
|
||||
- *Stable channels*, such as [`nixos-21.05`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05).
|
||||
These only get conservative bug fixes and package upgrades. For
|
||||
instance, a channel update may cause the Linux kernel on your system
|
||||
to be upgraded from 4.19.34 to 4.19.38 (a minor bug fix), but not
|
||||
from 4.19.x to 4.20.x (a major change that has the potential to break things).
|
||||
Stable channels are generally maintained until the next stable
|
||||
branch is created.
|
||||
|
||||
- The *unstable channel*, [`nixos-unstable`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable).
|
||||
This corresponds to NixOS's main development branch, and may thus see
|
||||
radical changes between channel updates. It's not recommended for
|
||||
production systems.
|
||||
|
||||
- *Small channels*, such as [`nixos-21.05-small`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05-small)
|
||||
or [`nixos-unstable-small`](https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable-small).
|
||||
These are identical to the stable and unstable channels described above,
|
||||
except that they contain fewer binary packages. This means they get updated
|
||||
faster than the regular channels (for instance, when a critical security patch
|
||||
is committed to NixOS's source tree), but may require more packages to be
|
||||
built from source than usual. They're mostly intended for server environments
|
||||
and as such contain few GUI applications.
|
||||
|
||||
To see what channels are available, go to <https://nixos.org/channels>.
|
||||
(Note that the URIs of the various channels redirect to a directory that
|
||||
contains the channel's latest version and includes ISO images and
|
||||
VirtualBox appliances.) Please note that during the release process,
|
||||
channels that are not yet released will be present here as well. See the
|
||||
Getting NixOS page <https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html> to find the
|
||||
newest supported stable release.
|
||||
|
||||
When you first install NixOS, you're automatically subscribed to the
|
||||
NixOS channel that corresponds to your installation source. For
|
||||
instance, if you installed from a 21.05 ISO, you will be subscribed to
|
||||
the `nixos-21.05` channel. To see which NixOS channel you're subscribed
|
||||
to, run the following as root:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nix-channel --list | grep nixos
|
||||
nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
To switch to a different NixOS channel, do
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/channel-name nixos
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
(Be sure to include the `nixos` parameter at the end.) For instance, to
|
||||
use the NixOS 21.05 stable channel:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05 nixos
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you have a server, you may want to use the "small" channel instead:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05-small nixos
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And if you want to live on the bleeding edge:
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can then upgrade NixOS to the latest version in your chosen channel
|
||||
by running
|
||||
|
||||
```ShellSession
|
||||
# nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
which is equivalent to the more verbose `nix-channel --update nixos; nixos-rebuild switch`.
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.note}
|
||||
Channels are set per user. This means that running `nix-channel --add`
|
||||
as a non root user (or without sudo) will not affect
|
||||
configuration in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix`
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
::: {.warning}
|
||||
It is generally safe to switch back and forth between channels. The only
|
||||
exception is that a newer NixOS may also have a newer Nix version, which
|
||||
may involve an upgrade of Nix's database schema. This cannot be undone
|
||||
easily, so in that case you will not be able to go back to your original
|
||||
channel.
|
||||
:::
|
||||
|
||||
## Automatic Upgrades {#sec-upgrading-automatic}
|
||||
|
||||
You can keep a NixOS system up-to-date automatically by adding the
|
||||
following to `configuration.nix`:
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
system.autoUpgrade.enable = true;
|
||||
system.autoUpgrade.allowReboot = true;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This enables a periodically executed systemd service named
|
||||
`nixos-upgrade.service`. If the `allowReboot` option is `false`, it runs
|
||||
`nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade` to upgrade NixOS to the latest version
|
||||
in the current channel. (To see when the service runs, see `systemctl list-timers`.)
|
||||
If `allowReboot` is `true`, then the system will automatically reboot if
|
||||
the new generation contains a different kernel, initrd or kernel
|
||||
modules. You can also specify a channel explicitly, e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
```nix
|
||||
system.autoUpgrade.channel = https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05;
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
||||
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
|
||||
version="5.0"
|
||||
xml:id="sec-upgrading">
|
||||
<title>Upgrading NixOS</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The best way to keep your NixOS installation up to date is to use one of the
|
||||
NixOS <emphasis>channels</emphasis>. A channel is a Nix mechanism for
|
||||
distributing Nix expressions and associated binaries. The NixOS channels are
|
||||
updated automatically from NixOS’s Git repository after certain tests have
|
||||
passed and all packages have been built. These channels are:
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<emphasis>Stable channels</emphasis>, such as
|
||||
<literal
|
||||
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05">nixos-21.05</literal>.
|
||||
These only get conservative bug fixes and package upgrades. For instance,
|
||||
a channel update may cause the Linux kernel on your system to be upgraded
|
||||
from 4.19.34 to 4.19.38 (a minor bug fix), but not from
|
||||
4.19.<replaceable>x</replaceable> to 4.20.<replaceable>x</replaceable> (a
|
||||
major change that has the potential to break things). Stable channels are
|
||||
generally maintained until the next stable branch is created.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para></para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The <emphasis>unstable channel</emphasis>,
|
||||
<literal
|
||||
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable">nixos-unstable</literal>.
|
||||
This corresponds to NixOS’s main development branch, and may thus see
|
||||
radical changes between channel updates. It’s not recommended for
|
||||
production systems.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<emphasis>Small channels</emphasis>, such as
|
||||
<literal
|
||||
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05-small">nixos-21.05-small</literal>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<literal
|
||||
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable-small">nixos-unstable-small</literal>.
|
||||
These are identical to the stable and unstable channels described above,
|
||||
except that they contain fewer binary packages. This means they get
|
||||
updated faster than the regular channels (for instance, when a critical
|
||||
security patch is committed to NixOS’s source tree), but may require
|
||||
more packages to be built from source than usual. They’re mostly
|
||||
intended for server environments and as such contain few GUI applications.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
To see what channels are available, go to
|
||||
<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels"/>. (Note that the URIs of the
|
||||
various channels redirect to a directory that contains the channel’s latest
|
||||
version and includes ISO images and VirtualBox appliances.) Please note that
|
||||
during the release process, channels that are not yet released will be
|
||||
present here as well. See the Getting NixOS page
|
||||
<link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html"/> to find the newest
|
||||
supported stable release.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
When you first install NixOS, you’re automatically subscribed to the NixOS
|
||||
channel that corresponds to your installation source. For instance, if you
|
||||
installed from a 21.05 ISO, you will be subscribed to the
|
||||
<literal>nixos-21.05</literal> channel. To see which NixOS channel you’re
|
||||
subscribed to, run the following as root:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt># </prompt>nix-channel --list | grep nixos
|
||||
nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
To switch to a different NixOS channel, do
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt># </prompt>nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/<replaceable>channel-name</replaceable> nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
(Be sure to include the <literal>nixos</literal> parameter at the end.) For
|
||||
instance, to use the NixOS 21.05 stable channel:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt># </prompt>nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05 nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
If you have a server, you may want to use the “small” channel instead:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt># </prompt>nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05-small nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
And if you want to live on the bleeding edge:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt># </prompt>nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You can then upgrade NixOS to the latest version in your chosen channel by
|
||||
running
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
<prompt># </prompt>nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
which is equivalent to the more verbose <literal>nix-channel --update nixos;
|
||||
nixos-rebuild switch</literal>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Channels are set per user. This means that running <literal> nix-channel
|
||||
--add</literal> as a non root user (or without sudo) will not affect
|
||||
configuration in <literal>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<warning>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
It is generally safe to switch back and forth between channels. The only
|
||||
exception is that a newer NixOS may also have a newer Nix version, which may
|
||||
involve an upgrade of Nix’s database schema. This cannot be undone easily,
|
||||
so in that case you will not be able to go back to your original channel.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</warning>
|
||||
<section xml:id="sec-upgrading-automatic">
|
||||
<title>Automatic Upgrades</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You can keep a NixOS system up-to-date automatically by adding the following
|
||||
to <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<xref linkend="opt-system.autoUpgrade.enable"/> = true;
|
||||
<xref linkend="opt-system.autoUpgrade.allowReboot"/> = true;
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
This enables a periodically executed systemd service named
|
||||
<literal>nixos-upgrade.service</literal>. If the <literal>allowReboot</literal>
|
||||
option is <literal>false</literal>, it runs <command>nixos-rebuild switch
|
||||
--upgrade</command> to upgrade NixOS to the latest version in the current
|
||||
channel. (To see when the service runs, see <command>systemctl list-timers</command>.)
|
||||
If <literal>allowReboot</literal> is <literal>true</literal>, then the
|
||||
system will automatically reboot if the new generation contains a different
|
||||
kernel, initrd or kernel modules.
|
||||
You can also specify a channel explicitly, e.g.
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<xref linkend="opt-system.autoUpgrade.channel"/> = https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-21.05;
|
||||
</programlisting>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user