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136
nixos/doc/manual/administration/boot-problems.xml
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@ -3,63 +3,83 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-boot-problems"> xml:id="sec-boot-problems">
<title>Boot Problems</title>
<title>Boot Problems</title> <para>
If NixOS fails to boot, there are a number of kernel command line parameters
that may help you to identify or fix the issue. You can add these parameters
in the GRUB boot menu by pressing “e” to modify the selected boot entry
and editing the line starting with <literal>linux</literal>. The following
are some useful kernel command line parameters that are recognised by the
NixOS boot scripts or by systemd:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>boot.shell_on_fail</literal>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Start a root shell if something goes wrong in stage 1 of the boot process
(the initial ramdisk). This is disabled by default because there is no
authentication for the root shell.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>boot.debug1</literal>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Start an interactive shell in stage 1 before anything useful has been
done. That is, no modules have been loaded and no file systems have been
mounted, except for <filename>/proc</filename> and
<filename>/sys</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>boot.trace</literal>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print every shell command executed by the stage 1 and 2 boot scripts.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>single</literal>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Boot into rescue mode (a.k.a. single user mode). This will cause systemd
to start nothing but the unit <literal>rescue.target</literal>, which
runs <command>sulogin</command> to prompt for the root password and start
a root login shell. Exiting the shell causes the system to continue with
the normal boot process.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>systemd.log_level=debug systemd.log_target=console</literal>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Make systemd very verbose and send log messages to the console instead of
the journal.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
For more parameters recognised by systemd, see <citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
<para>If NixOS fails to boot, there are a number of kernel command <para>
line parameters that may help you to identify or fix the issue. You If no login prompts or X11 login screens appear (e.g. due to hanging
can add these parameters in the GRUB boot menu by pressing “e” to dependencies), you can press Alt+ArrowUp. If you’re lucky, this will start
modify the selected boot entry and editing the line starting with rescue mode (described above). (Also note that since most units have a
<literal>linux</literal>. The following are some useful kernel command 90-second timeout before systemd gives up on them, the
line parameters that are recognised by the NixOS boot scripts or by <command>agetty</command> login prompts should appear eventually unless
systemd: something is very wrong.)
</para>
<variablelist> </section>
<varlistentry><term><literal>boot.shell_on_fail</literal></term>
<listitem><para>Start a root shell if something goes wrong in
stage 1 of the boot process (the initial ramdisk). This is
disabled by default because there is no authentication for the
root shell.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><literal>boot.debug1</literal></term>
<listitem><para>Start an interactive shell in stage 1 before
anything useful has been done. That is, no modules have been
loaded and no file systems have been mounted, except for
<filename>/proc</filename> and
<filename>/sys</filename>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><literal>boot.trace</literal></term>
<listitem><para>Print every shell command executed by the stage 1
and 2 boot scripts.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><literal>single</literal></term>
<listitem><para>Boot into rescue mode (a.k.a. single user mode).
This will cause systemd to start nothing but the unit
<literal>rescue.target</literal>, which runs
<command>sulogin</command> to prompt for the root password and
start a root login shell. Exiting the shell causes the system to
continue with the normal boot process.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><literal>systemd.log_level=debug systemd.log_target=console</literal></term>
<listitem><para>Make systemd very verbose and send log messages to
the console instead of the journal.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
For more parameters recognised by systemd, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
<para>If no login prompts or X11 login screens appear (e.g. due to
hanging dependencies), you can press Alt+ArrowUp. If you’re lucky,
this will start rescue mode (described above). (Also note that since
most units have a 90-second timeout before systemd gives up on them,
the <command>agetty</command> login prompts should appear eventually
unless something is very wrong.)</para>
</section>

65
nixos/doc/manual/administration/cleaning-store.xml
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@ -3,60 +3,51 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-nix-gc"> xml:id="sec-nix-gc">
<title>Cleaning the Nix Store</title>
<title>Cleaning the Nix Store</title> <para>
Nix has a purely functional model, meaning that packages are never upgraded
<para>Nix has a purely functional model, meaning that packages are in place. Instead new versions of packages end up in a different location in
never upgraded in place. Instead new versions of packages end up in a the Nix store (<filename>/nix/store</filename>). You should periodically run
different location in the Nix store (<filename>/nix/store</filename>). Nix’s <emphasis>garbage collector</emphasis> to remove old, unreferenced
You should periodically run Nix’s <emphasis>garbage packages. This is easy:
collector</emphasis> to remove old, unreferenced packages. This is
easy:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-collect-garbage $ nix-collect-garbage
</screen> </screen>
Alternatively, you can use a systemd unit that does the same in the
Alternatively, you can use a systemd unit that does the same in the background:
background:
<screen> <screen>
# systemctl start nix-gc.service # systemctl start nix-gc.service
</screen> </screen>
You can tell NixOS in <filename>configuration.nix</filename> to run this unit
You can tell NixOS in <filename>configuration.nix</filename> to run automatically at certain points in time, for instance, every night at 03:15:
this unit automatically at certain points in time, for instance, every
night at 03:15:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-nix.gc.automatic"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-nix.gc.automatic"/> = true;
<xref linkend="opt-nix.gc.dates"/> = "03:15"; <xref linkend="opt-nix.gc.dates"/> = "03:15";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> <para>
The commands above do not remove garbage collector roots, such as old system
<para>The commands above do not remove garbage collector roots, such configurations. Thus they do not remove the ability to roll back to previous
as old system configurations. Thus they do not remove the ability to configurations. The following command deletes old roots, removing the ability
roll back to previous configurations. The following command deletes to roll back to them:
old roots, removing the ability to roll back to them:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-collect-garbage -d $ nix-collect-garbage -d
</screen> </screen>
You can also do this for specific profiles, e.g. You can also do this for specific profiles, e.g.
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/eelco/profile --delete-generations old $ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/eelco/profile --delete-generations old
</screen> </screen>
Note that NixOS system configurations are stored in the profile Note that NixOS system configurations are stored in the profile
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>.</para> <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>.
</para>
<para>Another way to reclaim disk space (often as much as 40% of the <para>
size of the Nix store) is to run Nix’s store optimiser, which seeks Another way to reclaim disk space (often as much as 40% of the size of the
out identical files in the store and replaces them with hard links to Nix store) is to run Nix’s store optimiser, which seeks out identical files
a single copy. in the store and replaces them with hard links to a single copy.
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-store --optimise $ nix-store --optimise
</screen> </screen>
Since this command needs to read the entire Nix store, it can take Since this command needs to read the entire Nix store, it can take quite a
quite a while to finish.</para> while to finish.
</para>
</chapter> </chapter>

63
nixos/doc/manual/administration/container-networking.xml
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@ -3,15 +3,13 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-container-networking"> xml:id="sec-container-networking">
<title>Container Networking</title>
<para>
<title>Container Networking</title> When you create a container using <literal>nixos-container create</literal>,
it gets it own private IPv4 address in the range
<para>When you create a container using <literal>nixos-container <literal>10.233.0.0/16</literal>. You can get the container’s IPv4 address
create</literal>, it gets it own private IPv4 address in the range as follows:
<literal>10.233.0.0/16</literal>. You can get the container’s IPv4
address as follows:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container show-ip foo # nixos-container show-ip foo
10.233.4.2 10.233.4.2
@ -19,40 +17,39 @@ address as follows:
$ ping -c1 10.233.4.2 $ ping -c1 10.233.4.2
64 bytes from 10.233.4.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms 64 bytes from 10.233.4.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
Networking is implemented using a pair of virtual Ethernet devices. The
<para>Networking is implemented using a pair of virtual Ethernet network interface in the container is called <literal>eth0</literal>, while
devices. The network interface in the container is called the matching interface in the host is called
<literal>eth0</literal>, while the matching interface in the host is <literal>ve-<replaceable>container-name</replaceable></literal> (e.g.,
called <literal>ve-<replaceable>container-name</replaceable></literal> <literal>ve-foo</literal>). The container has its own network namespace and
(e.g., <literal>ve-foo</literal>). The container has its own network the <literal>CAP_NET_ADMIN</literal> capability, so it can perform arbitrary
namespace and the <literal>CAP_NET_ADMIN</literal> capability, so it network configuration such as setting up firewall rules, without affecting or
can perform arbitrary network configuration such as setting up having access to the host’s network.
firewall rules, without affecting or having access to the host’s </para>
network.</para>
<para>By default, containers cannot talk to the outside network. If
you want that, you should set up Network Address Translation (NAT)
rules on the host to rewrite container traffic to use your external
IP address. This can be accomplished using the following configuration
on the host:
<para>
By default, containers cannot talk to the outside network. If you want that,
you should set up Network Address Translation (NAT) rules on the host to
rewrite container traffic to use your external IP address. This can be
accomplished using the following configuration on the host:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.nat.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-networking.nat.enable"/> = true;
<xref linkend="opt-networking.nat.internalInterfaces"/> = ["ve-+"]; <xref linkend="opt-networking.nat.internalInterfaces"/> = ["ve-+"];
<xref linkend="opt-networking.nat.externalInterface"/> = "eth0"; <xref linkend="opt-networking.nat.externalInterface"/> = "eth0";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
where <literal>eth0</literal> should be replaced with the desired where <literal>eth0</literal> should be replaced with the desired external
external interface. Note that <literal>ve-+</literal> is a wildcard interface. Note that <literal>ve-+</literal> is a wildcard that matches all
that matches all container interfaces.</para> container interfaces.
</para>
<para>If you are using Network Manager, you need to explicitly prevent
it from managing container interfaces:
<para>
If you are using Network Manager, you need to explicitly prevent it from
managing container interfaces:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
networking.networkmanager.unmanaged = [ "interface-name:ve-*" ]; networking.networkmanager.unmanaged = [ "interface-name:ve-*" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</section> </section>

56
nixos/doc/manual/administration/containers.xml
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@ -3,32 +3,32 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-containers"> xml:id="ch-containers">
<title>Container Management</title>
<title>Container Management</title> <para>
NixOS allows you to easily run other NixOS instances as
<para>NixOS allows you to easily run other NixOS instances as <emphasis>containers</emphasis>. Containers are a light-weight approach to
<emphasis>containers</emphasis>. Containers are a light-weight virtualisation that runs software in the container at the same speed as in
approach to virtualisation that runs software in the container at the the host system. NixOS containers share the Nix store of the host, making
same speed as in the host system. NixOS containers share the Nix store container creation very efficient.
of the host, making container creation very efficient.</para> </para>
<warning>
<warning><para>Currently, NixOS containers are not perfectly isolated <para>
from the host system. This means that a user with root access to the Currently, NixOS containers are not perfectly isolated from the host system.
container can do things that affect the host. So you should not give This means that a user with root access to the container can do things that
container root access to untrusted users.</para></warning> affect the host. So you should not give container root access to untrusted
users.
<para>NixOS containers can be created in two ways: imperatively, using </para>
the command <command>nixos-container</command>, and declaratively, by </warning>
specifying them in your <filename>configuration.nix</filename>. The <para>
declarative approach implies that containers get upgraded along with NixOS containers can be created in two ways: imperatively, using the command
your host system when you run <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, which <command>nixos-container</command>, and declaratively, by specifying them in
is often not what you want. By contrast, in the imperative approach, your <filename>configuration.nix</filename>. The declarative approach implies
containers are configured and updated independently from the host that containers get upgraded along with your host system when you run
system.</para> <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, which is often not what you want. By
contrast, in the imperative approach, containers are configured and updated
<xi:include href="imperative-containers.xml" /> independently from the host system.
<xi:include href="declarative-containers.xml" /> </para>
<xi:include href="container-networking.xml" /> <xi:include href="imperative-containers.xml" />
<xi:include href="declarative-containers.xml" />
<xi:include href="container-networking.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

80
nixos/doc/manual/administration/control-groups.xml
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@ -3,20 +3,18 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-cgroups"> xml:id="sec-cgroups">
<title>Control Groups</title>
<title>Control Groups</title> <para>
To keep track of the processes in a running system, systemd uses
<para>To keep track of the processes in a running system, systemd uses <emphasis>control groups</emphasis> (cgroups). A control group is a set of
<emphasis>control groups</emphasis> (cgroups). A control group is a processes used to allocate resources such as CPU, memory or I/O bandwidth.
set of processes used to allocate resources such as CPU, memory or I/O There can be multiple control group hierarchies, allowing each kind of
bandwidth. There can be multiple control group hierarchies, allowing resource to be managed independently.
each kind of resource to be managed independently.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>The command <command>systemd-cgls</command> lists all control The command <command>systemd-cgls</command> lists all control groups in the
groups in the <literal>systemd</literal> hierarchy, which is what <literal>systemd</literal> hierarchy, which is what systemd uses to keep
systemd uses to keep track of the processes belonging to each service track of the processes belonging to each service or user session:
or user session:
<screen> <screen>
$ systemd-cgls $ systemd-cgls
├─user ├─user
@ -34,40 +32,34 @@ $ systemd-cgls
│ └─2376 dhcpcd --config /nix/store/f8dif8dsi2yaa70n03xir8r653776ka6-dhcpcd.conf │ └─2376 dhcpcd --config /nix/store/f8dif8dsi2yaa70n03xir8r653776ka6-dhcpcd.conf
└─ <replaceable>...</replaceable> └─ <replaceable>...</replaceable>
</screen> </screen>
Similarly, <command>systemd-cgls cpu</command> shows the cgroups in the CPU
Similarly, <command>systemd-cgls cpu</command> shows the cgroups in hierarchy, which allows per-cgroup CPU scheduling priorities. By default,
the CPU hierarchy, which allows per-cgroup CPU scheduling priorities. every systemd service gets its own CPU cgroup, while all user sessions are in
By default, every systemd service gets its own CPU cgroup, while all the top-level CPU cgroup. This ensures, for instance, that a thousand
user sessions are in the top-level CPU cgroup. This ensures, for run-away processes in the <literal>httpd.service</literal> cgroup cannot
instance, that a thousand run-away processes in the starve the CPU for one process in the <literal>postgresql.service</literal>
<literal>httpd.service</literal> cgroup cannot starve the CPU for one cgroup. (By contrast, it they were in the same cgroup, then the PostgreSQL
process in the <literal>postgresql.service</literal> cgroup. (By process would get 1/1001 of the cgroup’s CPU time.) You can limit a
contrast, it they were in the same cgroup, then the PostgreSQL process service’s CPU share in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
would get 1/1001 of the cgroup’s CPU time.) You can limit a service’s
CPU share in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-systemd.services._name_.serviceConfig">systemd.services.httpd.serviceConfig</link>.CPUShares = 512; <link linkend="opt-systemd.services._name_.serviceConfig">systemd.services.httpd.serviceConfig</link>.CPUShares = 512;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
By default, every cgroup has 1024 CPU shares, so this will halve the CPU
By default, every cgroup has 1024 CPU shares, so this will halve the allocation of the <literal>httpd.service</literal> cgroup.
CPU allocation of the <literal>httpd.service</literal> cgroup.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>There also is a <literal>memory</literal> hierarchy that There also is a <literal>memory</literal> hierarchy that controls memory
controls memory allocation limits; by default, all processes are in allocation limits; by default, all processes are in the top-level cgroup, so
the top-level cgroup, so any service or session can exhaust all any service or session can exhaust all available memory. Per-cgroup memory
available memory. Per-cgroup memory limits can be specified in limits can be specified in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>; for
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>; for instance, to limit instance, to limit <literal>httpd.service</literal> to 512 MiB of RAM
<literal>httpd.service</literal> to 512 MiB of RAM (excluding swap): (excluding swap):
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-systemd.services._name_.serviceConfig">systemd.services.httpd.serviceConfig</link>.MemoryLimit = "512M"; <link linkend="opt-systemd.services._name_.serviceConfig">systemd.services.httpd.serviceConfig</link>.MemoryLimit = "512M";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> <para>
The command <command>systemd-cgtop</command> shows a continuously updated
<para>The command <command>systemd-cgtop</command> shows a list of all cgroups with their CPU and memory usage.
continuously updated list of all cgroups with their CPU and memory </para>
usage.</para>
</chapter> </chapter>

68
nixos/doc/manual/administration/declarative-containers.xml
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@ -3,14 +3,13 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-declarative-containers"> xml:id="sec-declarative-containers">
<title>Declarative Container Specification</title>
<title>Declarative Container Specification</title> <para>
You can also specify containers and their configuration in the host’s
<para>You can also specify containers and their configuration in the <filename>configuration.nix</filename>. For example, the following specifies
host’s <filename>configuration.nix</filename>. For example, the that there shall be a container named <literal>database</literal> running
following specifies that there shall be a container named PostgreSQL:
<literal>database</literal> running PostgreSQL:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
containers.database = containers.database =
{ config = { config =
@ -20,18 +19,18 @@ containers.database =
}; };
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
If you run <literal>nixos-rebuild switch</literal>, the container will be
built. If the container was already running, it will be updated in place,
without rebooting. The container can be configured to start automatically by
setting <literal>containers.database.autoStart = true</literal> in its
configuration.
</para>
If you run <literal>nixos-rebuild switch</literal>, the container will <para>
be built. If the container was already running, it will be By default, declarative containers share the network namespace of the host,
updated in place, without rebooting. The container can be configured to meaning that they can listen on (privileged) ports. However, they cannot
start automatically by setting <literal>containers.database.autoStart = true</literal> change the network configuration. You can give a container its own network as
in its configuration.</para> follows:
<para>By default, declarative containers share the network namespace
of the host, meaning that they can listen on (privileged)
ports. However, they cannot change the network configuration. You can
give a container its own network as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
containers.database = { containers.database = {
<link linkend="opt-containers._name_.privateNetwork">privateNetwork</link> = true; <link linkend="opt-containers._name_.privateNetwork">privateNetwork</link> = true;
@ -39,22 +38,23 @@ containers.database = {
<link linkend="opt-containers._name_.localAddress">localAddress</link> = "192.168.100.11"; <link linkend="opt-containers._name_.localAddress">localAddress</link> = "192.168.100.11";
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This gives the container a private virtual Ethernet interface with IP address
<literal>192.168.100.11</literal>, which is hooked up to a virtual Ethernet
interface on the host with IP address <literal>192.168.100.10</literal>. (See
the next section for details on container networking.)
</para>
This gives the container a private virtual Ethernet interface with IP <para>
address <literal>192.168.100.11</literal>, which is hooked up to a To disable the container, just remove it from
virtual Ethernet interface on the host with IP address <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and run <literal>nixos-rebuild
<literal>192.168.100.10</literal>. (See the next section for details switch</literal>. Note that this will not delete the root directory of the
on container networking.)</para> container in <literal>/var/lib/containers</literal>. Containers can be
destroyed using the imperative method: <literal>nixos-container destroy
<para>To disable the container, just remove it from foo</literal>.
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and run <literal>nixos-rebuild </para>
switch</literal>. Note that this will not delete the root directory of
the container in <literal>/var/lib/containers</literal>. Containers can be
destroyed using the imperative method: <literal>nixos-container destroy
foo</literal>.</para>
<para>Declarative containers can be started and stopped using the
corresponding systemd service, e.g. <literal>systemctl start
container@database</literal>.</para>
<para>
Declarative containers can be started and stopped using the corresponding
systemd service, e.g. <literal>systemctl start container@database</literal>.
</para>
</section> </section>

135
nixos/doc/manual/administration/imperative-containers.xml
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@ -3,101 +3,85 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-imperative-containers"> xml:id="sec-imperative-containers">
<title>Imperative Container Management</title>
<title>Imperative Container Management</title> <para>
We’ll cover imperative container management using
<para>We’ll cover imperative container management using <command>nixos-container</command> first. Be aware that container management
<command>nixos-container</command> first. is currently only possible as <literal>root</literal>.
Be aware that container management is currently only possible </para>
as <literal>root</literal>.</para>
<para>You create a container with
identifier <literal>foo</literal> as follows:
<para>
You create a container with identifier <literal>foo</literal> as follows:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container create foo # nixos-container create foo
</screen> </screen>
This creates the container’s root directory in
This creates the container’s root directory in <filename>/var/lib/containers/foo</filename> and a small configuration file
<filename>/var/lib/containers/foo</filename> and a small configuration in <filename>/etc/containers/foo.conf</filename>. It also builds the
file in <filename>/etc/containers/foo.conf</filename>. It also builds container’s initial system configuration and stores it in
the container’s initial system configuration and stores it in <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-container/foo/system</filename>. You can
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-container/foo/system</filename>. You modify the initial configuration of the container on the command line. For
can modify the initial configuration of the container on the command instance, to create a container that has <command>sshd</command> running,
line. For instance, to create a container that has with the given public key for <literal>root</literal>:
<command>sshd</command> running, with the given public key for
<literal>root</literal>:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container create foo --config ' # nixos-container create foo --config '
<xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> = true;
<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys">users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys</link> = ["ssh-dss AAAAB3N…"]; <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys">users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys</link> = ["ssh-dss AAAAB3N…"];
' '
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
Creating a container does not start it. To start the container, run:
<para>Creating a container does not start it. To start the container,
run:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container start foo # nixos-container start foo
</screen> </screen>
This command will return as soon as the container has booted and has reached
This command will return as soon as the container has booted and has <literal>multi-user.target</literal>. On the host, the container runs within
reached <literal>multi-user.target</literal>. On the host, the a systemd unit called
container runs within a systemd unit called <literal>container@<replaceable>container-name</replaceable>.service</literal>.
<literal>container@<replaceable>container-name</replaceable>.service</literal>. Thus, if something went wrong, you can get status info using
Thus, if something went wrong, you can get status info using <command>systemctl</command>:
<command>systemctl</command>:
<screen> <screen>
# systemctl status container@foo # systemctl status container@foo
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
If the container has started successfully, you can log in as root using the
<para>If the container has started successfully, you can log in as <command>root-login</command> operation:
root using the <command>root-login</command> operation:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container root-login foo # nixos-container root-login foo
[root@foo:~]# [root@foo:~]#
</screen> </screen>
Note that only root on the host can do this (since there is no
Note that only root on the host can do this (since there is no authentication). You can also get a regular login prompt using the
authentication). You can also get a regular login prompt using the <command>login</command> operation, which is available to all users on the
<command>login</command> operation, which is available to all users on host:
the host:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container login foo # nixos-container login foo
foo login: alice foo login: alice
Password: *** Password: ***
</screen> </screen>
With <command>nixos-container run</command>, you can execute arbitrary
With <command>nixos-container run</command>, you can execute arbitrary commands in the container:
commands in the container:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container run foo -- uname -a # nixos-container run foo -- uname -a
Linux foo 3.4.82 #1-NixOS SMP Thu Mar 20 14:44:05 UTC 2014 x86_64 GNU/Linux Linux foo 3.4.82 #1-NixOS SMP Thu Mar 20 14:44:05 UTC 2014 x86_64 GNU/Linux
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
There are several ways to change the configuration of the container. First,
<para>There are several ways to change the configuration of the on the host, you can edit
container. First, on the host, you can edit <literal>/var/lib/container/<replaceable>name</replaceable>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>,
<literal>/var/lib/container/<replaceable>name</replaceable>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>, and run
and run
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container update foo # nixos-container update foo
</screen> </screen>
This will build and activate the new configuration. You can also specify a
This will build and activate the new configuration. You can also new configuration on the command line:
specify a new configuration on the command line:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container update foo --config ' # nixos-container update foo --config '
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.enable"/> = true;
@ -108,26 +92,25 @@ specify a new configuration on the command line:
# curl http://$(nixos-container show-ip foo)/ # curl http://$(nixos-container show-ip foo)/
&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">… &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">…
</screen> </screen>
However, note that this will overwrite the container’s
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.
</para>
However, note that this will overwrite the container’s <para>
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.</para> Alternatively, you can change the configuration from within the container
itself by running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> inside the
<para>Alternatively, you can change the configuration from within the container. Note that the container by default does not have a copy of the
container itself by running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> NixOS channel, so you should run <command>nix-channel --update</command>
inside the container. Note that the container by default does not have first.
a copy of the NixOS channel, so you should run <command>nix-channel </para>
--update</command> first.</para>
<para>Containers can be stopped and started using
<literal>nixos-container stop</literal> and <literal>nixos-container
start</literal>, respectively, or by using
<command>systemctl</command> on the container’s service unit. To
destroy a container, including its file system, do
<para>
Containers can be stopped and started using <literal>nixos-container
stop</literal> and <literal>nixos-container start</literal>, respectively, or
by using <command>systemctl</command> on the container’s service unit. To
destroy a container, including its file system, do
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-container destroy foo # nixos-container destroy foo
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

51
nixos/doc/manual/administration/logging.xml
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@ -3,26 +3,20 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-logging"> xml:id="sec-logging">
<title>Logging</title>
<title>Logging</title> <para>
System-wide logging is provided by systemd’s <emphasis>journal</emphasis>,
<para>System-wide logging is provided by systemd’s which subsumes traditional logging daemons such as syslogd and klogd. Log
<emphasis>journal</emphasis>, which subsumes traditional logging entries are kept in binary files in <filename>/var/log/journal/</filename>.
daemons such as syslogd and klogd. Log entries are kept in binary The command <literal>journalctl</literal> allows you to see the contents of
files in <filename>/var/log/journal/</filename>. The command the journal. For example,
<literal>journalctl</literal> allows you to see the contents of the
journal. For example,
<screen> <screen>
$ journalctl -b $ journalctl -b
</screen> </screen>
shows all journal entries since the last reboot. (The output of
shows all journal entries since the last reboot. (The output of <command>journalctl</command> is piped into <command>less</command> by
<command>journalctl</command> is piped into <command>less</command> by default.) You can use various options and match operators to restrict output
default.) You can use various options and match operators to restrict to messages of interest. For instance, to get all messages from PostgreSQL:
output to messages of interest. For instance, to get all messages
from PostgreSQL:
<screen> <screen>
$ journalctl -u postgresql.service $ journalctl -u postgresql.service
-- Logs begin at Mon, 2013-01-07 13:28:01 CET, end at Tue, 2013-01-08 01:09:57 CET. -- -- Logs begin at Mon, 2013-01-07 13:28:01 CET, end at Tue, 2013-01-08 01:09:57 CET. --
@ -32,21 +26,18 @@ Jan 07 15:44:14 hagbard postgres[2681]: [2-1] LOG: database system is shut down
Jan 07 15:45:10 hagbard postgres[2532]: [1-1] LOG: database system was shut down at 2013-01-07 15:44:14 CET Jan 07 15:45:10 hagbard postgres[2532]: [1-1] LOG: database system was shut down at 2013-01-07 15:44:14 CET
Jan 07 15:45:13 hagbard postgres[2500]: [1-1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections Jan 07 15:45:13 hagbard postgres[2500]: [1-1] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
</screen> </screen>
Or to get all messages since the last reboot that have at least a
Or to get all messages since the last reboot that have at least a “critical” severity level:
“critical” severity level:
<screen> <screen>
$ journalctl -b -p crit $ journalctl -b -p crit
Dec 17 21:08:06 mandark sudo[3673]: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [alice] Dec 17 21:08:06 mandark sudo[3673]: pam_unix(sudo:auth): auth could not identify password for [alice]
Dec 29 01:30:22 mandark kernel[6131]: [1053513.909444] CPU6: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1) Dec 29 01:30:22 mandark kernel[6131]: [1053513.909444] CPU6: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
The system journal is readable by root and by users in the
<para>The system journal is readable by root and by users in the <literal>wheel</literal> and <literal>systemd-journal</literal> groups. All
<literal>wheel</literal> and <literal>systemd-journal</literal> users have a private journal that can be read using
groups. All users have a private journal that can be read using <command>journalctl</command>.
<command>journalctl</command>.</para> </para>
</chapter>
</chapter>

16
nixos/doc/manual/administration/maintenance-mode.xml
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@ -3,16 +3,14 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-maintenance-mode"> xml:id="sec-maintenance-mode">
<title>Maintenance Mode</title>
<title>Maintenance Mode</title> <para>
You can enter rescue mode by running:
<para>You can enter rescue mode by running:
<screen> <screen>
# systemctl rescue</screen> # systemctl rescue</screen>
This will eventually give you a single-user root shell. Systemd will stop
This will eventually give you a single-user root shell. Systemd will (almost) all system services. To get out of maintenance mode, just exit from
stop (almost) all system services. To get out of maintenance mode, the rescue shell.
just exit from the rescue shell.</para> </para>
</section> </section>

34
nixos/doc/manual/administration/network-problems.xml
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@ -3,31 +3,25 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-nix-network-issues"> xml:id="sec-nix-network-issues">
<title>Network Problems</title>
<title>Network Problems</title> <para>
Nix uses a so-called <emphasis>binary cache</emphasis> to optimise building a
<para>Nix uses a so-called <emphasis>binary cache</emphasis> to package from source into downloading it as a pre-built binary. That is,
optimise building a package from source into downloading it as a whenever a command like <command>nixos-rebuild</command> needs a path in the
pre-built binary. That is, whenever a command like Nix store, Nix will try to download that path from the Internet rather than
<command>nixos-rebuild</command> needs a path in the Nix store, Nix build it from source. The default binary cache is
will try to download that path from the Internet rather than build it <uri>https://cache.nixos.org/</uri>. If this cache is unreachable, Nix
from source. The default binary cache is operations may take a long time due to HTTP connection timeouts. You can
<uri>https://cache.nixos.org/</uri>. If this cache is unreachable, disable the use of the binary cache by adding <option>--option
Nix operations may take a long time due to HTTP connection timeouts. use-binary-caches false</option>, e.g.
You can disable the use of the binary cache by adding <option>--option
use-binary-caches false</option>, e.g.
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch --option use-binary-caches false # nixos-rebuild switch --option use-binary-caches false
</screen> </screen>
If you have an alternative binary cache at your disposal, you can use it
If you have an alternative binary cache at your disposal, you can use instead:
it instead:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches http://my-cache.example.org/ # nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches http://my-cache.example.org/
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

49
nixos/doc/manual/administration/rebooting.xml
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@ -3,42 +3,33 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-rebooting"> xml:id="sec-rebooting">
<title>Rebooting and Shutting Down</title>
<title>Rebooting and Shutting Down</title> <para>
The system can be shut down (and automatically powered off) by doing:
<para>The system can be shut down (and automatically powered off) by
doing:
<screen> <screen>
# shutdown # shutdown
</screen> </screen>
This is equivalent to running <command>systemctl poweroff</command>.
This is equivalent to running <command>systemctl </para>
poweroff</command>.</para> <para>
To reboot the system, run
<para>To reboot the system, run
<screen> <screen>
# reboot # reboot
</screen> </screen>
which is equivalent to <command>systemctl reboot</command>. Alternatively,
which is equivalent to <command>systemctl reboot</command>. you can quickly reboot the system using <literal>kexec</literal>, which
Alternatively, you can quickly reboot the system using bypasses the BIOS by directly loading the new kernel into memory:
<literal>kexec</literal>, which bypasses the BIOS by directly loading
the new kernel into memory:
<screen> <screen>
# systemctl kexec # systemctl kexec
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
The machine can be suspended to RAM (if supported) using <command>systemctl
<para>The machine can be suspended to RAM (if supported) using suspend</command>, and suspended to disk using <command>systemctl
<command>systemctl suspend</command>, and suspended to disk using hibernate</command>.
<command>systemctl hibernate</command>.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>These commands can be run by any user who is logged in locally, These commands can be run by any user who is logged in locally, i.e. on a
i.e. on a virtual console or in X11; otherwise, the user is asked for virtual console or in X11; otherwise, the user is asked for authentication.
authentication.</para> </para>
</chapter> </chapter>

49
nixos/doc/manual/administration/rollback.xml
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@ -3,46 +3,39 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-rollback"> xml:id="sec-rollback">
<title>Rolling Back Configuration Changes</title>
<title>Rolling Back Configuration Changes</title> <para>
After running <command>nixos-rebuild</command> to switch to a new
<para>After running <command>nixos-rebuild</command> to switch to a configuration, you may find that the new configuration doesn’t work very
new configuration, you may find that the new configuration doesn’t well. In that case, there are several ways to return to a previous
work very well. In that case, there are several ways to return to a configuration.
previous configuration.</para> </para>
<para>First, the GRUB boot manager allows you to boot into any
previous configuration that hasn’t been garbage-collected. These
configurations can be found under the GRUB submenu “NixOS - All
configurations”. This is especially useful if the new configuration
fails to boot. After the system has booted, you can make the selected
configuration the default for subsequent boots:
<para>
First, the GRUB boot manager allows you to boot into any previous
configuration that hasn’t been garbage-collected. These configurations can
be found under the GRUB submenu “NixOS - All configurations”. This is
especially useful if the new configuration fails to boot. After the system
has booted, you can make the selected configuration the default for
subsequent boots:
<screen> <screen>
# /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot</screen> # /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot</screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
Second, you can switch to the previous configuration in a running system:
<para>Second, you can switch to the previous configuration in a running
system:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch --rollback</screen> # nixos-rebuild switch --rollback</screen>
This is equivalent to running:
This is equivalent to running:
<screen> <screen>
# /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-<replaceable>N</replaceable>-link/bin/switch-to-configuration switch</screen> # /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-<replaceable>N</replaceable>-link/bin/switch-to-configuration switch</screen>
where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of the NixOS system
where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of the NixOS system configuration. To get a list of the available configurations, do:
configuration. To get a list of the available configurations, do:
<screen> <screen>
$ ls -l /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-*-link $ ls -l /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-*-link
<replaceable>...</replaceable> <replaceable>...</replaceable>
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 78 Aug 12 13:54 /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-268-link -> /nix/store/202b...-nixos-13.07pre4932_5a676e4-4be1055 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 78 Aug 12 13:54 /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-268-link -> /nix/store/202b...-nixos-13.07pre4932_5a676e4-4be1055
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

33
nixos/doc/manual/administration/running.xml
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@ -3,22 +3,19 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-running"> xml:id="ch-running">
<title>Administration</title>
<title>Administration</title> <partintro>
<para>
<partintro> This chapter describes various aspects of managing a running NixOS system,
<para>This chapter describes various aspects of managing a running such as how to use the <command>systemd</command> service manager.
NixOS system, such as how to use the <command>systemd</command> </para>
service manager.</para> </partintro>
</partintro> <xi:include href="service-mgmt.xml" />
<xi:include href="rebooting.xml" />
<xi:include href="service-mgmt.xml" /> <xi:include href="user-sessions.xml" />
<xi:include href="rebooting.xml" /> <xi:include href="control-groups.xml" />
<xi:include href="user-sessions.xml" /> <xi:include href="logging.xml" />
<xi:include href="control-groups.xml" /> <xi:include href="cleaning-store.xml" />
<xi:include href="logging.xml" /> <xi:include href="containers.xml" />
<xi:include href="cleaning-store.xml" /> <xi:include href="troubleshooting.xml" />
<xi:include href="containers.xml" />
<xi:include href="troubleshooting.xml" />
</part> </part>

73
nixos/doc/manual/administration/service-mgmt.xml
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@ -3,26 +3,23 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-systemctl"> xml:id="sec-systemctl">
<title>Service Management</title>
<title>Service Management</title> <para>
In NixOS, all system services are started and monitored using the systemd
<para>In NixOS, all system services are started and monitored using program. Systemd is the “init” process of the system (i.e. PID 1), the
the systemd program. Systemd is the “init” process of the system parent of all other processes. It manages a set of so-called “units”,
(i.e. PID 1), the parent of all other processes. It manages a set of which can be things like system services (programs), but also mount points,
so-called “units”, which can be things like system services swap files, devices, targets (groups of units) and more. Units can have
(programs), but also mount points, swap files, devices, targets complex dependencies; for instance, one unit can require that another unit
(groups of units) and more. Units can have complex dependencies; for must be successfully started before the first unit can be started. When the
instance, one unit can require that another unit must be successfully system boots, it starts a unit named <literal>default.target</literal>; the
started before the first unit can be started. When the system boots, dependencies of this unit cause all system services to be started, file
it starts a unit named <literal>default.target</literal>; the systems to be mounted, swap files to be activated, and so on.
dependencies of this unit cause all system services to be started, </para>
file systems to be mounted, swap files to be activated, and so <para>
on.</para> The command <command>systemctl</command> is the main way to interact with
<command>systemd</command>. Without any arguments, it shows the status of
<para>The command <command>systemctl</command> is the main way to active units:
interact with <command>systemd</command>. Without any arguments, it
shows the status of active units:
<screen> <screen>
$ systemctl $ systemctl
-.mount loaded active mounted / -.mount loaded active mounted /
@ -31,12 +28,10 @@ sshd.service loaded active running SSH Daemon
graphical.target loaded active active Graphical Interface graphical.target loaded active active Graphical Interface
<replaceable>...</replaceable> <replaceable>...</replaceable>
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
You can ask for detailed status information about a unit, for instance, the
<para>You can ask for detailed status information about a unit, for PostgreSQL database service:
instance, the PostgreSQL database service:
<screen> <screen>
$ systemctl status postgresql.service $ systemctl status postgresql.service
postgresql.service - PostgreSQL Server postgresql.service - PostgreSQL Server
@ -56,28 +51,22 @@ Jan 07 15:55:57 hagbard postgres[2390]: [1-1] LOG: database system is ready to
Jan 07 15:55:57 hagbard postgres[2420]: [1-1] LOG: autovacuum launcher started Jan 07 15:55:57 hagbard postgres[2420]: [1-1] LOG: autovacuum launcher started
Jan 07 15:55:57 hagbard systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL Server. Jan 07 15:55:57 hagbard systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL Server.
</screen> </screen>
Note that this shows the status of the unit (active and running), all the
Note that this shows the status of the unit (active and running), all processes belonging to the service, as well as the most recent log messages
the processes belonging to the service, as well as the most recent log from the service.
messages from the service. </para>
<para>
</para> Units can be stopped, started or restarted:
<para>Units can be stopped, started or restarted:
<screen> <screen>
# systemctl stop postgresql.service # systemctl stop postgresql.service
# systemctl start postgresql.service # systemctl start postgresql.service
# systemctl restart postgresql.service # systemctl restart postgresql.service
</screen> </screen>
These operations are synchronous: they wait until the service has finished
These operations are synchronous: they wait until the service has starting or stopping (or has failed). Starting a unit will cause the
finished starting or stopping (or has failed). Starting a unit will dependencies of that unit to be started as well (if necessary).
cause the dependencies of that unit to be started as well (if </para>
necessary).</para>
<!-- - cgroups: each service and user session is a cgroup <!-- - cgroups: each service and user session is a cgroup
- cgroup resource management --> - cgroup resource management -->
</chapter> </chapter>

43
nixos/doc/manual/administration/store-corruption.xml
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@ -3,35 +3,34 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-nix-store-corruption"> xml:id="sec-nix-store-corruption">
<title>Nix Store Corruption</title>
<title>Nix Store Corruption</title> <para>
After a system crash, it’s possible for files in the Nix store to become
<para>After a system crash, it’s possible for files in the Nix store corrupted. (For instance, the Ext4 file system has the tendency to replace
to become corrupted. (For instance, the Ext4 file system has the un-synced files with zero bytes.) NixOS tries hard to prevent this from
tendency to replace un-synced files with zero bytes.) NixOS tries happening: it performs a <command>sync</command> before switching to a new
hard to prevent this from happening: it performs a configuration, and Nix’s database is fully transactional. If corruption
<command>sync</command> before switching to a new configuration, and still occurs, you may be able to fix it automatically.
Nix’s database is fully transactional. If corruption still occurs, </para>
you may be able to fix it automatically.</para>
<para>If the corruption is in a path in the closure of the NixOS
system configuration, you can fix it by doing
<para>
If the corruption is in a path in the closure of the NixOS system
configuration, you can fix it by doing
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch --repair # nixos-rebuild switch --repair
</screen> </screen>
This will cause Nix to check every path in the closure, and if its
cryptographic hash differs from the hash recorded in Nix’s database, the
path is rebuilt or redownloaded.
</para>
This will cause Nix to check every path in the closure, and if its <para>
cryptographic hash differs from the hash recorded in Nix’s database, You can also scan the entire Nix store for corrupt paths:
the path is rebuilt or redownloaded.</para>
<para>You can also scan the entire Nix store for corrupt paths:
<screen> <screen>
# nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair # nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair
</screen> </screen>
Any corrupt paths will be redownloaded if they’re available in a binary
Any corrupt paths will be redownloaded if they’re available in a cache; otherwise, they cannot be repaired.
binary cache; otherwise, they cannot be repaired.</para> </para>
</section> </section>

22
nixos/doc/manual/administration/troubleshooting.xml
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@ -3,16 +3,14 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-troubleshooting"> xml:id="ch-troubleshooting">
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
<title>Troubleshooting</title> <para>
This chapter describes solutions to common problems you might encounter when
<para>This chapter describes solutions to common problems you might you manage your NixOS system.
encounter when you manage your NixOS system.</para> </para>
<xi:include href="boot-problems.xml" />
<xi:include href="boot-problems.xml" /> <xi:include href="maintenance-mode.xml" />
<xi:include href="maintenance-mode.xml" /> <xi:include href="rollback.xml" />
<xi:include href="rollback.xml" /> <xi:include href="store-corruption.xml" />
<xi:include href="store-corruption.xml" /> <xi:include href="network-problems.xml" />
<xi:include href="network-problems.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

38
nixos/doc/manual/administration/user-sessions.xml
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@ -3,14 +3,12 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-user-sessions"> xml:id="sec-user-sessions">
<title>User Sessions</title>
<title>User Sessions</title> <para>
Systemd keeps track of all users who are logged into the system (e.g. on a
<para>Systemd keeps track of all users who are logged into the system virtual console or remotely via SSH). The command <command>loginctl</command>
(e.g. on a virtual console or remotely via SSH). The command allows querying and manipulating user sessions. For instance, to list all
<command>loginctl</command> allows querying and manipulating user user sessions:
sessions. For instance, to list all user sessions:
<screen> <screen>
$ loginctl $ loginctl
SESSION UID USER SEAT SESSION UID USER SEAT
@ -18,12 +16,10 @@ $ loginctl
c3 0 root seat0 c3 0 root seat0
c4 500 alice c4 500 alice
</screen> </screen>
This shows that two users are logged in locally, while another is logged in
This shows that two users are logged in locally, while another is remotely. (“Seats” are essentially the combinations of displays and input
logged in remotely. (“Seats” are essentially the combinations of devices attached to the system; usually, there is only one seat.) To get
displays and input devices attached to the system; usually, there is information about a session:
only one seat.) To get information about a session:
<screen> <screen>
$ loginctl session-status c3 $ loginctl session-status c3
c3 - root (0) c3 - root (0)
@ -38,16 +34,12 @@ c3 - root (0)
├─10339 -bash ├─10339 -bash
└─10355 w3m nixos.org └─10355 w3m nixos.org
</screen> </screen>
This shows that the user is logged in on virtual console 3. It also lists the
This shows that the user is logged in on virtual console 3. It also processes belonging to this session. Since systemd keeps track of this, you
lists the processes belonging to this session. Since systemd keeps can terminate a session in a way that ensures that all the session’s
track of this, you can terminate a session in a way that ensures that processes are gone:
all the session’s processes are gone:
<screen> <screen>
# loginctl terminate-session c3 # loginctl terminate-session c3
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</chapter> </chapter>

104
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/abstractions.xml
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@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-module-abstractions"> xml:id="sec-module-abstractions">
<title>Abstractions</title>
<title>Abstractions</title> <para>
If you find yourself repeating yourself over and over, it’s time to
<para>If you find yourself repeating yourself over and over, it’s time abstract. Take, for instance, this Apache HTTP Server configuration:
to abstract. Take, for instance, this Apache HTTP Server configuration:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ {
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> = <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> =
@ -28,11 +27,9 @@ to abstract. Take, for instance, this Apache HTTP Server configuration:
]; ];
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
It defines two virtual hosts with nearly identical configuration; the only
It defines two virtual hosts with nearly identical configuration; the difference is that the second one has SSL enabled. To prevent this
only difference is that the second one has SSL enabled. To prevent duplication, we can use a <literal>let</literal>:
this duplication, we can use a <literal>let</literal>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
let let
exampleOrgCommon = exampleOrgCommon =
@ -53,17 +50,16 @@ in
]; ];
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The <literal>let exampleOrgCommon = <replaceable>...</replaceable></literal>
defines a variable named <literal>exampleOrgCommon</literal>. The
<literal>//</literal> operator merges two attribute sets, so the
configuration of the second virtual host is the set
<literal>exampleOrgCommon</literal> extended with the SSL options.
</para>
The <literal>let exampleOrgCommon = <para>
<replaceable>...</replaceable></literal> defines a variable named You can write a <literal>let</literal> wherever an expression is allowed.
<literal>exampleOrgCommon</literal>. The <literal>//</literal> Thus, you also could have written:
operator merges two attribute sets, so the configuration of the second
virtual host is the set <literal>exampleOrgCommon</literal> extended
with the SSL options.</para>
<para>You can write a <literal>let</literal> wherever an expression is
allowed. Thus, you also could have written:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ {
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> = <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> =
@ -73,17 +69,16 @@ allowed. Thus, you also could have written:
]; ];
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
but not <literal>{ let exampleOrgCommon = <replaceable>...</replaceable>; in
<replaceable>...</replaceable>; }</literal> since attributes (as opposed to
attribute values) are not expressions.
</para>
but not <literal>{ let exampleOrgCommon = <para>
<replaceable>...</replaceable>; in <replaceable>...</replaceable>; <emphasis>Functions</emphasis> provide another method of abstraction. For
}</literal> since attributes (as opposed to attribute values) are not instance, suppose that we want to generate lots of different virtual hosts,
expressions.</para> all with identical configuration except for the host name. This can be done
as follows:
<para><emphasis>Functions</emphasis> provide another method of
abstraction. For instance, suppose that we want to generate lots of
different virtual hosts, all with identical configuration except for
the host name. This can be done as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ {
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> = <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> =
@ -101,16 +96,15 @@ the host name. This can be done as follows:
]; ];
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Here, <varname>makeVirtualHost</varname> is a function that takes a single
argument <literal>name</literal> and returns the configuration for a virtual
host. That function is then called for several names to produce the list of
virtual host configurations.
</para>
Here, <varname>makeVirtualHost</varname> is a function that takes a <para>
single argument <literal>name</literal> and returns the configuration We can further improve on this by using the function <varname>map</varname>,
for a virtual host. That function is then called for several names to which applies another function to every element in a list:
produce the list of virtual host configurations.</para>
<para>We can further improve on this by using the function
<varname>map</varname>, which applies another function to every
element in a list:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ {
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> = <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> =
@ -120,16 +114,15 @@ element in a list:
[ "example.org" "example.com" "example.gov" "example.nl" ]; [ "example.org" "example.com" "example.gov" "example.nl" ];
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
(The function <literal>map</literal> is called a <emphasis>higher-order
function</emphasis> because it takes another function as an argument.)
</para>
(The function <literal>map</literal> is called a <para>
<emphasis>higher-order function</emphasis> because it takes another What if you need more than one argument, for instance, if we want to use a
function as an argument.)</para> different <literal>documentRoot</literal> for each virtual host? Then we can
make <varname>makeVirtualHost</varname> a function that takes a
<para>What if you need more than one argument, for instance, if we <emphasis>set</emphasis> as its argument, like this:
want to use a different <literal>documentRoot</literal> for each
virtual host? Then we can make <varname>makeVirtualHost</varname> a
function that takes a <emphasis>set</emphasis> as its argument, like this:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ {
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> = <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> =
@ -147,10 +140,9 @@ function that takes a <emphasis>set</emphasis> as its argument, like this:
]; ];
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
But in this case (where every root is a subdirectory of
But in this case (where every root is a subdirectory of <filename>/sites</filename> named after the virtual host), it would have been
<filename>/sites</filename> named after the virtual host), it would shorter to define <varname>makeVirtualHost</varname> as
have been shorter to define <varname>makeVirtualHost</varname> as
<programlisting> <programlisting>
makeVirtualHost = name: makeVirtualHost = name:
{ hostName = name; { hostName = name;
@ -158,9 +150,7 @@ makeVirtualHost = name:
adminAddr = "alice@example.org"; adminAddr = "alice@example.org";
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Here, the construct <literal>${<replaceable>...</replaceable>}</literal>
Here, the construct allows the result of an expression to be spliced into a string.
<literal>${<replaceable>...</replaceable>}</literal> allows the result </para>
of an expression to be spliced into a string.</para>
</section> </section>

18
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ad-hoc-network-config.xml
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@ -3,22 +3,18 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ad-hoc-network-config"> xml:id="ad-hoc-network-config">
<title>Ad-Hoc Configuration</title>
<title>Ad-Hoc Configuration</title> <para>
You can use <xref linkend="opt-networking.localCommands"/> to specify shell
<para>You can use <xref linkend="opt-networking.localCommands"/> to specify commands to be run at the end of <literal>network-setup.service</literal>.
shell commands to be run at the end of This is useful for doing network configuration not covered by the existing
<literal>network-setup.service</literal>. This is useful for doing NixOS modules. For instance, to statically configure an IPv6 address:
network configuration not covered by the existing NixOS modules. For
instance, to statically configure an IPv6 address:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.localCommands"/> = <xref linkend="opt-networking.localCommands"/> =
'' ''
ip -6 addr add 2001:610:685:1::1/64 dev eth0 ip -6 addr add 2001:610:685:1::1/64 dev eth0
''; '';
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

74
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ad-hoc-packages.xml
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@ -3,61 +3,59 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-ad-hoc-packages"> xml:id="sec-ad-hoc-packages">
<title>Ad-Hoc Package Management</title>
<title>Ad-Hoc Package Management</title> <para>
With the command <command>nix-env</command>, you can install and uninstall
<para>With the command <command>nix-env</command>, you can install and packages from the command line. For instance, to install Mozilla Thunderbird:
uninstall packages from the command line. For instance, to install
Mozilla Thunderbird:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env -iA nixos.thunderbird</screen> $ nix-env -iA nixos.thunderbird</screen>
If you invoke this as root, the package is installed in the Nix profile
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/default</filename> and visible to all users
of the system; otherwise, the package ends up in
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/<replaceable>username</replaceable>/profile</filename>
and is not visible to other users. The <option>-A</option> flag specifies the
package by its attribute name; without it, the package is installed by
matching against its package name (e.g. <literal>thunderbird</literal>). The
latter is slower because it requires matching against all available Nix
packages, and is ambiguous if there are multiple matching packages.
</para>
If you invoke this as root, the package is installed in the Nix <para>
profile <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/default</filename> and visible Packages come from the NixOS channel. You typically upgrade a package by
to all users of the system; otherwise, the package ends up in updating to the latest version of the NixOS channel:
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/<replaceable>username</replaceable>/profile</filename>
and is not visible to other users. The <option>-A</option> flag
specifies the package by its attribute name; without it, the package
is installed by matching against its package name
(e.g. <literal>thunderbird</literal>). The latter is slower because
it requires matching against all available Nix packages, and is
ambiguous if there are multiple matching packages.</para>
<para>Packages come from the NixOS channel. You typically upgrade a
package by updating to the latest version of the NixOS channel:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-channel --update nixos $ nix-channel --update nixos
</screen> </screen>
and then running <literal>nix-env -i</literal> again. Other packages and then running <literal>nix-env -i</literal> again. Other packages in the
in the profile are <emphasis>not</emphasis> affected; this is the profile are <emphasis>not</emphasis> affected; this is the crucial difference
crucial difference with the declarative style of package management, with the declarative style of package management, where running
where running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> causes all <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> causes all packages to be updated to
packages to be updated to their current versions in the NixOS channel. their current versions in the NixOS channel. You can however upgrade all
You can however upgrade all packages for which there is a newer packages for which there is a newer version by doing:
version by doing:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env -u '*' $ nix-env -u '*'
</screen> </screen>
</para> </para>
<para>A package can be uninstalled using the <option>-e</option> <para>
flag: A package can be uninstalled using the <option>-e</option> flag:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env -e thunderbird $ nix-env -e thunderbird
</screen> </screen>
</para> </para>
<para>Finally, you can roll back an undesirable <para>
<command>nix-env</command> action: Finally, you can roll back an undesirable <command>nix-env</command> action:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env --rollback $ nix-env --rollback
</screen> </screen>
</para> </para>
<para><command>nix-env</command> has many more flags. For details,
see the
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nix-env</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
manpage or the Nix manual.</para>
<para>
<command>nix-env</command> has many more flags. For details, see the
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>nix-env</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> manpage or the Nix manual.
</para>
</section> </section>

59
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/adding-custom-packages.xml
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@ -3,43 +3,36 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-custom-packages"> xml:id="sec-custom-packages">
<title>Adding Custom Packages</title>
<title>Adding Custom Packages</title> <para>
It’s possible that a package you need is not available in NixOS. In that
<para>It’s possible that a package you need is not available in NixOS. case, you can do two things. First, you can clone the Nixpkgs repository, add
In that case, you can do two things. First, you can clone the Nixpkgs the package to your clone, and (optionally) submit a patch or pull request to
repository, add the package to your clone, and (optionally) submit a have it accepted into the main Nixpkgs repository. This is described in
patch or pull request to have it accepted into the main Nixpkgs detail in the <link
repository. This is described in detail in the <link xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual">Nixpkgs
xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual">Nixpkgs manual</link>. manual</link>. In short, you clone Nixpkgs:
In short, you clone Nixpkgs:
<screen> <screen>
$ git clone git://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git $ git clone git://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
$ cd nixpkgs $ cd nixpkgs
</screen> </screen>
Then you write and test the package as described in the Nixpkgs manual.
Then you write and test the package as described in the Nixpkgs Finally, you add it to <literal>environment.systemPackages</literal>, e.g.
manual. Finally, you add it to
<literal>environment.systemPackages</literal>, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ pkgs.my-package ]; <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ pkgs.my-package ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
and you run <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, specifying your own Nixpkgs
and you run <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, specifying your own tree:
Nixpkgs tree:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=/path/to/my/nixpkgs</screen> # nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=/path/to/my/nixpkgs</screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
The second possibility is to add the package outside of the Nixpkgs tree. For
<para>The second possibility is to add the package outside of the instance, here is how you specify a build of the
Nixpkgs tree. For instance, here is how you specify a build of the <link xlink:href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/">GNU Hello</link>
<link xlink:href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/">GNU Hello</link> package directly in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
package directly in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> =
let let
@ -53,13 +46,12 @@ package directly in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
in in
[ my-hello ]; [ my-hello ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Of course, you can also move the definition of <literal>my-hello</literal>
Of course, you can also move the definition of into a separate Nix expression, e.g.
<literal>my-hello</literal> into a separate Nix expression, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ (import ./my-hello.nix) ]; <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ (import ./my-hello.nix) ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
where <filename>my-hello.nix</filename> contains: where <filename>my-hello.nix</filename> contains:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
with import &lt;nixpkgs> {}; # bring all of Nixpkgs into scope with import &lt;nixpkgs> {}; # bring all of Nixpkgs into scope
@ -71,14 +63,11 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
}; };
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This allows testing the package easily:
This allows testing the package easily:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build my-hello.nix $ nix-build my-hello.nix
$ ./result/bin/hello $ ./result/bin/hello
Hello, world! Hello, world!
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

215
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/config-file.xml
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@ -3,28 +3,25 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-configuration-file"> xml:id="sec-configuration-file">
<title>NixOS Configuration File</title>
<title>NixOS Configuration File</title> <para>
The NixOS configuration file generally looks like this:
<para>The NixOS configuration file generally looks like this:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { config, pkgs, ... }:
{ <replaceable>option definitions</replaceable> { <replaceable>option definitions</replaceable>
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The first line (<literal>{ config, pkgs, ... }:</literal>) denotes that this
The first line (<literal>{ config, pkgs, ... }:</literal>) denotes is actually a function that takes at least the two arguments
that this is actually a function that takes at least the two arguments <varname>config</varname> and <varname>pkgs</varname>. (These are explained
<varname>config</varname> and <varname>pkgs</varname>. (These are later.) The function returns a <emphasis>set</emphasis> of option definitions
explained later.) The function returns a <emphasis>set</emphasis> of (<literal>{ <replaceable>...</replaceable> }</literal>). These definitions
option definitions (<literal>{ <replaceable>...</replaceable> }</literal>). These definitions have the have the form <literal><replaceable>name</replaceable> =
form <literal><replaceable>name</replaceable> = <replaceable>value</replaceable></literal>, where
<replaceable>value</replaceable></literal>, where <replaceable>name</replaceable> is the name of an option and
<replaceable>name</replaceable> is the name of an option and <replaceable>value</replaceable> is its value. For example,
<replaceable>value</replaceable> is its value. For example,
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { config, pkgs, ... }:
@ -33,19 +30,19 @@ form <literal><replaceable>name</replaceable> =
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.documentRoot"/> = "/webroot"; <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.documentRoot"/> = "/webroot";
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
defines a configuration with three option definitions that together enable
the Apache HTTP Server with <filename>/webroot</filename> as the document
root.
</para>
defines a configuration with three option definitions that together <para>
enable the Apache HTTP Server with <filename>/webroot</filename> as Sets can be nested, and in fact dots in option names are shorthand for
the document root.</para> defining a set containing another set. For instance,
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.enable"/> defines a set named
<para>Sets can be nested, and in fact dots in option names are <varname>services</varname> that contains a set named
shorthand for defining a set containing another set. For instance, <varname>httpd</varname>, which in turn contains an option definition named
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.enable"/> defines a set named <varname>enable</varname> with value <literal>true</literal>. This means that
<varname>services</varname> that contains a set named the example above can also be written as:
<varname>httpd</varname>, which in turn contains an option definition
named <varname>enable</varname> with value <literal>true</literal>.
This means that the example above can also be written as:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { config, pkgs, ... }:
@ -58,46 +55,44 @@ This means that the example above can also be written as:
}; };
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
which may be more convenient if you have lots of option definitions that
share the same prefix (such as <literal>services.httpd</literal>).
</para>
which may be more convenient if you have lots of option definitions <para>
that share the same prefix (such as NixOS checks your option definitions for correctness. For instance, if you
<literal>services.httpd</literal>).</para> try to define an option that doesn’t exist (that is, doesn’t have a
corresponding <emphasis>option declaration</emphasis>),
<para>NixOS checks your option definitions for correctness. For <command>nixos-rebuild</command> will give an error like:
instance, if you try to define an option that doesn’t exist (that is,
doesn’t have a corresponding <emphasis>option declaration</emphasis>),
<command>nixos-rebuild</command> will give an error like:
<screen> <screen>
The option `services.httpd.enable' defined in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix' does not exist. The option `services.httpd.enable' defined in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix' does not exist.
</screen> </screen>
Likewise, values in option definitions must have a correct type. For Likewise, values in option definitions must have a correct type. For
instance, <option>services.httpd.enable</option> must be a Boolean instance, <option>services.httpd.enable</option> must be a Boolean
(<literal>true</literal> or <literal>false</literal>). Trying to give (<literal>true</literal> or <literal>false</literal>). Trying to give it a
it a value of another type, such as a string, will cause an error: value of another type, such as a string, will cause an error:
<screen> <screen>
The option value `services.httpd.enable' in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix' is not a boolean. The option value `services.httpd.enable' in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix' is not a boolean.
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
Options have various types of values. The most important are:
<para>Options have various types of values. The most important are: <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>Strings</term> <term>Strings</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Strings are enclosed in double quotes, e.g. <para>
Strings are enclosed in double quotes, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.hostName"/> = "dexter"; <xref linkend="opt-networking.hostName"/> = "dexter";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Special characters can be escaped by prefixing them with a backslash
Special characters can be escaped by prefixing them with a (e.g. <literal>\"</literal>).
backslash (e.g. <literal>\"</literal>).</para> </para>
<para>
<para>Multi-line strings can be enclosed in <emphasis>double Multi-line strings can be enclosed in <emphasis>double single
single quotes</emphasis>, e.g. quotes</emphasis>, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.extraHosts"/> = <xref linkend="opt-networking.extraHosts"/> =
'' ''
@ -105,58 +100,52 @@ The option value `services.httpd.enable' in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix' is no
10.0.0.1 server 10.0.0.1 server
''; '';
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The main difference is that it strips from each line a number of spaces
The main difference is that it strips from each line equal to the minimal indentation of the string as a whole (disregarding
a number of spaces equal to the minimal indentation of the indentation of empty lines), and that characters like
the string as a whole (disregarding the indentation of <literal>"</literal> and <literal>\</literal> are not special (making it
empty lines), and that characters like more convenient for including things like shell code). See more info
<literal>"</literal> and <literal>\</literal> are not special about this in the Nix manual
(making it more convenient for including things like shell <link
code). xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-values">here</link>.
See more info about this in the Nix manual <link </para>
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-values">here</link>.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Booleans</term> <term>Booleans</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>These can be <literal>true</literal> or <para>
<literal>false</literal>, e.g. These can be <literal>true</literal> or <literal>false</literal>, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.enable"/> = true;
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowPing"/> = false; <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowPing"/> = false;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Integers</term> <term>Integers</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>For example, <para>
For example,
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>."net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time" = 60; <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>."net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time" = 60;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
(Note that here the attribute name (Note that here the attribute name
<literal>net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time</literal> is enclosed in <literal>net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time</literal> is enclosed in quotes to
quotes to prevent it from being interpreted as a set named prevent it from being interpreted as a set named <literal>net</literal>
<literal>net</literal> containing a set named containing a set named <literal>ipv4</literal>, and so on. This is
<literal>ipv4</literal>, and so on. This is because it’s not a because it’s not a NixOS option but the literal name of a Linux kernel
NixOS option but the literal name of a Linux kernel setting.)
setting.)</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Sets</term> <term>Sets</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Sets were introduced above. They are name/value pairs <para>
enclosed in braces, as in the option definition Sets were introduced above. They are name/value pairs enclosed in braces,
as in the option definition
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-fileSystems"/>."/boot" = <xref linkend="opt-fileSystems"/>."/boot" =
{ device = "/dev/sda1"; { device = "/dev/sda1";
@ -164,36 +153,32 @@ The option value `services.httpd.enable' in `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix' is no
options = [ "rw" "data=ordered" "relatime" ]; options = [ "rw" "data=ordered" "relatime" ];
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Lists</term> <term>Lists</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The important thing to note about lists is that list <para>
elements are separated by whitespace, like this: The important thing to note about lists is that list elements are
separated by whitespace, like this:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/> = [ "fuse" "kvm-intel" "coretemp" ]; <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/> = [ "fuse" "kvm-intel" "coretemp" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
List elements can be any other type, e.g. sets: List elements can be any other type, e.g. sets:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
swapDevices = [ { device = "/dev/disk/by-label/swap"; } ]; swapDevices = [ { device = "/dev/disk/by-label/swap"; } ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>Packages</term> <term>Packages</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Usually, the packages you need are already part of the Nix <para>
Packages collection, which is a set that can be accessed through Usually, the packages you need are already part of the Nix Packages
the function argument <varname>pkgs</varname>. Typical uses: collection, which is a set that can be accessed through the function
argument <varname>pkgs</varname>. Typical uses:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> =
[ pkgs.thunderbird [ pkgs.thunderbird
@ -202,16 +187,12 @@ swapDevices = [ { device = "/dev/disk/by-label/swap"; } ];
<xref linkend="opt-services.postgresql.package"/> = pkgs.postgresql90; <xref linkend="opt-services.postgresql.package"/> = pkgs.postgresql90;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The latter option definition changes the default PostgreSQL package used
The latter option definition changes the default PostgreSQL by NixOS’s PostgreSQL service to 9.0. For more information on packages,
package used by NixOS’s PostgreSQL service to 9.0. For more including how to add new ones, see <xref linkend="sec-custom-packages"/>.
information on packages, including how to add new ones, see </para>
<xref linkend="sec-custom-packages"/>.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</variablelist> </para>
</para>
</section> </section>

38
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@ -3,25 +3,23 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-configuration-syntax"> xml:id="sec-configuration-syntax">
<title>Configuration Syntax</title>
<title>Configuration Syntax</title> <para>
The NixOS configuration file
<para>The NixOS configuration file <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> is actually a <emphasis>Nix
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> is actually a expression</emphasis>, which is the Nix package manager’s purely functional
<emphasis>Nix expression</emphasis>, which is the Nix package language for describing how to build packages and configurations. This means
manager’s purely functional language for describing how to build you have all the expressive power of that language at your disposal,
packages and configurations. This means you have all the expressive including the ability to abstract over common patterns, which is very useful
power of that language at your disposal, including the ability to when managing complex systems. The syntax and semantics of the Nix language
abstract over common patterns, which is very useful when managing are fully described in the
complex systems. The syntax and semantics of the Nix language are <link
fully described in the <link
xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions">Nix xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions">Nix
manual</link>, but here we give a short overview of the most important manual</link>, but here we give a short overview of the most important
constructs useful in NixOS configuration files.</para> constructs useful in NixOS configuration files.
</para>
<xi:include href="config-file.xml" /> <xi:include href="config-file.xml" />
<xi:include href="abstractions.xml" /> <xi:include href="abstractions.xml" />
<xi:include href="modularity.xml" /> <xi:include href="modularity.xml" />
<xi:include href="summary.xml" /> <xi:include href="summary.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

44
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/configuration.xml
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@ -3,30 +3,24 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-configuration"> xml:id="ch-configuration">
<title>Configuration</title>
<title>Configuration</title> <partintro>
<para>
<partintro> This chapter describes how to configure various aspects of a NixOS machine
through the configuration file
<para>This chapter describes how to configure various aspects of a <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. As described in
NixOS machine through the configuration file <xref linkend="sec-changing-config" />, changes to this file only take
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. As described in effect after you run <command>nixos-rebuild</command>.
<xref linkend="sec-changing-config" />, changes to this file only take </para>
effect after you run <command>nixos-rebuild</command>.</para> </partintro>
<xi:include href="config-syntax.xml" />
</partintro> <xi:include href="package-mgmt.xml" />
<xi:include href="user-mgmt.xml" />
<xi:include href="config-syntax.xml" /> <xi:include href="file-systems.xml" />
<xi:include href="package-mgmt.xml" /> <xi:include href="x-windows.xml" />
<xi:include href="user-mgmt.xml" /> <xi:include href="xfce.xml" />
<xi:include href="file-systems.xml" /> <xi:include href="networking.xml" />
<xi:include href="x-windows.xml" /> <xi:include href="linux-kernel.xml" />
<xi:include href="xfce.xml" /> <xi:include href="../generated/modules.xml" xpointer="xpointer(//section[@id='modules']/*)" />
<xi:include href="networking.xml" />
<xi:include href="linux-kernel.xml" />
<xi:include href="../generated/modules.xml" xpointer="xpointer(//section[@id='modules']/*)" />
<!-- Apache; libvirtd virtualisation --> <!-- Apache; libvirtd virtualisation -->
</part> </part>

125
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@ -3,53 +3,50 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-customising-packages"> xml:id="sec-customising-packages">
<title>Customising Packages</title>
<title>Customising Packages</title> <para>
Some packages in Nixpkgs have options to enable or disable optional
functionality or change other aspects of the package. For instance, the
Firefox wrapper package (which provides Firefox with a set of plugins such as
the Adobe Flash player) has an option to enable the Google Talk plugin. It
can be set in <filename>configuration.nix</filename> as follows: <filename>
nixpkgs.config.firefox.enableGoogleTalkPlugin = true; </filename>
</para>
<para>Some packages in Nixpkgs have options to enable or disable <warning>
optional functionality or change other aspects of the package. For <para>
instance, the Firefox wrapper package (which provides Firefox with a Unfortunately, Nixpkgs currently lacks a way to query available
set of plugins such as the Adobe Flash player) has an option to enable configuration options.
the Google Talk plugin. It can be set in </para>
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> as follows: </warning>
<filename>
nixpkgs.config.firefox.enableGoogleTalkPlugin = true;
</filename>
</para>
<warning><para>Unfortunately, Nixpkgs currently lacks a way to query
available configuration options.</para></warning>
<para>Apart from high-level options, it’s possible to tweak a package
in almost arbitrary ways, such as changing or disabling dependencies
of a package. For instance, the Emacs package in Nixpkgs by default
has a dependency on GTK+ 2. If you want to build it against GTK+ 3,
you can specify that as follows:
<para>
Apart from high-level options, it’s possible to tweak a package in almost
arbitrary ways, such as changing or disabling dependencies of a package. For
instance, the Emacs package in Nixpkgs by default has a dependency on GTK+ 2.
If you want to build it against GTK+ 3, you can specify that as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ (pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; }) ]; <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ (pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; }) ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The function <varname>override</varname> performs the call to the Nix
function that produces Emacs, with the original arguments amended by the set
of arguments specified by you. So here the function argument
<varname>gtk</varname> gets the value <literal>pkgs.gtk3</literal>, causing
Emacs to depend on GTK+ 3. (The parentheses are necessary because in Nix,
function application binds more weakly than list construction, so without
them, <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> would be a list with
two elements.)
</para>
The function <varname>override</varname> performs the call to the Nix <para>
function that produces Emacs, with the original arguments amended by Even greater customisation is possible using the function
the set of arguments specified by you. So here the function argument <varname>overrideAttrs</varname>. While the <varname>override</varname>
<varname>gtk</varname> gets the value <literal>pkgs.gtk3</literal>, mechanism above overrides the arguments of a package function,
causing Emacs to depend on GTK+ 3. (The parentheses are necessary <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> allows changing the
because in Nix, function application binds more weakly than list <emphasis>attributes</emphasis> passed to <literal>mkDerivation</literal>.
construction, so without them, This permits changing any aspect of the package, such as the source code. For
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> would be a list with two instance, if you want to override the source code of Emacs, you can say:
elements.)</para>
<para>Even greater customisation is possible using the function
<varname>overrideAttrs</varname>. While the
<varname>override</varname> mechanism above overrides the arguments of
a package function, <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> allows
changing the <emphasis>attributes</emphasis> passed to <literal>mkDerivation</literal>.
This permits changing any aspect of the package, such as the source code.
For instance, if you want to override the source code of Emacs, you
can say:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [
(pkgs.emacs.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: { (pkgs.emacs.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: {
@ -58,36 +55,32 @@ can say:
})) }))
]; ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Here, <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> takes the Nix derivation specified by
<varname>pkgs.emacs</varname> and produces a new derivation in which the
original’s <literal>name</literal> and <literal>src</literal> attribute
have been replaced by the given values by re-calling
<literal>stdenv.mkDerivation</literal>. The original attributes are
accessible via the function argument, which is conventionally named
<varname>oldAttrs</varname>.
</para>
Here, <varname>overrideAttrs</varname> takes the Nix derivation <para>
specified by <varname>pkgs.emacs</varname> and produces a new The overrides shown above are not global. They do not affect the original
derivation in which the original’s <literal>name</literal> and package; other packages in Nixpkgs continue to depend on the original rather
<literal>src</literal> attribute have been replaced by the given than the customised package. This means that if another package in your
values by re-calling <literal>stdenv.mkDerivation</literal>. system depends on the original package, you end up with two instances of the
The original attributes are accessible via the function argument, package. If you want to have everything depend on your customised instance,
which is conventionally named <varname>oldAttrs</varname>.</para> you can apply a <emphasis>global</emphasis> override as follows:
<para>The overrides shown above are not global. They do not affect
the original package; other packages in Nixpkgs continue to depend on
the original rather than the customised package. This means that if
another package in your system depends on the original package, you
end up with two instances of the package. If you want to have
everything depend on your customised instance, you can apply a
<emphasis>global</emphasis> override as follows:
<screen> <screen>
nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs: nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs:
{ emacs = pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; }; { emacs = pkgs.emacs.override { gtk = pkgs.gtk3; };
}; };
</screen> </screen>
The effect of this definition is essentially equivalent to modifying the
The effect of this definition is essentially equivalent to modifying <literal>emacs</literal> attribute in the Nixpkgs source tree. Any package in
the <literal>emacs</literal> attribute in the Nixpkgs source tree. Nixpkgs that depends on <literal>emacs</literal> will be passed your
Any package in Nixpkgs that depends on <literal>emacs</literal> will customised instance. (However, the value <literal>pkgs.emacs</literal> in
be passed your customised instance. (However, the value <varname>nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides</varname> refers to the original
<literal>pkgs.emacs</literal> in rather than overridden instance, to prevent an infinite recursion.)
<varname>nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides</varname> refers to the </para>
original rather than overridden instance, to prevent an infinite
recursion.)</para>
</section> </section>

48
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@ -3,41 +3,41 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-declarative-package-mgmt"> xml:id="sec-declarative-package-mgmt">
<title>Declarative Package Management</title>
<title>Declarative Package Management</title> <para>
With declarative package management, you specify which packages you want on
<para>With declarative package management, you specify which packages your system by setting the option
you want on your system by setting the option <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>. For instance, adding the
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>. For instance, adding the following line to <filename>configuration.nix</filename> enables the Mozilla
following line to <filename>configuration.nix</filename> enables the Thunderbird email application:
Mozilla Thunderbird email application:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ pkgs.thunderbird ]; <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> = [ pkgs.thunderbird ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The effect of this specification is that the Thunderbird package from Nixpkgs
will be built or downloaded as part of the system when you run
<command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>.
</para>
The effect of this specification is that the Thunderbird package from <para>
Nixpkgs will be built or downloaded as part of the system when you run You can get a list of the available packages as follows:
<command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>.</para>
<para>You can get a list of the available packages as follows:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env -qaP '*' --description $ nix-env -qaP '*' --description
nixos.firefox firefox-23.0 Mozilla Firefox - the browser, reloaded nixos.firefox firefox-23.0 Mozilla Firefox - the browser, reloaded
<replaceable>...</replaceable> <replaceable>...</replaceable>
</screen> </screen>
The first column in the output is the <emphasis>attribute name</emphasis>,
such as <literal>nixos.thunderbird</literal>. (The <literal>nixos</literal>
prefix allows distinguishing between different channels that you might have.)
</para>
The first column in the output is the <emphasis>attribute <para>
name</emphasis>, such as To “uninstall” a package, simply remove it from
<literal>nixos.thunderbird</literal>. (The <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> and run
<literal>nixos</literal> prefix allows distinguishing between <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>.
different channels that you might have.)</para> </para>
<para>To “uninstall” a package, simply remove it from <xi:include href="customizing-packages.xml" />
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> and run
<command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>.</para>
<xi:include href="customizing-packages.xml" />
<xi:include href="adding-custom-packages.xml" />
<xi:include href="adding-custom-packages.xml" />
</section> </section>

68
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@ -3,44 +3,44 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-file-systems"> xml:id="ch-file-systems">
<title>File Systems</title>
<title>File Systems</title> <para>
You can define file systems using the <option>fileSystems</option>
<para>You can define file systems using the configuration option. For instance, the following definition causes NixOS to
<option>fileSystems</option> configuration option. For instance, the mount the Ext4 file system on device
following definition causes NixOS to mount the Ext4 file system on <filename>/dev/disk/by-label/data</filename> onto the mount point
device <filename>/dev/disk/by-label/data</filename> onto the mount <filename>/data</filename>:
point <filename>/data</filename>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-fileSystems"/>."/data" = <xref linkend="opt-fileSystems"/>."/data" =
{ device = "/dev/disk/by-label/data"; { device = "/dev/disk/by-label/data";
fsType = "ext4"; fsType = "ext4";
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Mount points are created automatically if they don’t already exist. For
Mount points are created automatically if they don’t already exist. <option><link linkend="opt-fileSystems._name__.device">device</link></option>,
For <option><link linkend="opt-fileSystems._name__.device">device</link></option>, it’s best to use the topology-independent it’s best to use the topology-independent device aliases in
device aliases in <filename>/dev/disk/by-label</filename> and <filename>/dev/disk/by-label</filename> and
<filename>/dev/disk/by-uuid</filename>, as these don’t change if the <filename>/dev/disk/by-uuid</filename>, as these don’t change if the
topology changes (e.g. if a disk is moved to another IDE topology changes (e.g. if a disk is moved to another IDE controller).
controller).</para> </para>
<para>
<para>You can usually omit the file system type You can usually omit the file system type
(<option><link linkend="opt-fileSystems._name__.fsType">fsType</link></option>), since <command>mount</command> can usually (<option><link linkend="opt-fileSystems._name__.fsType">fsType</link></option>),
detect the type and load the necessary kernel module automatically. since <command>mount</command> can usually detect the type and load the
However, if the file system is needed at early boot (in the initial necessary kernel module automatically. However, if the file system is needed
ramdisk) and is not <literal>ext2</literal>, <literal>ext3</literal> at early boot (in the initial ramdisk) and is not <literal>ext2</literal>,
or <literal>ext4</literal>, then it’s best to specify <literal>ext3</literal> or <literal>ext4</literal>, then it’s best to
<option>fsType</option> to ensure that the kernel module is specify <option>fsType</option> to ensure that the kernel module is
available.</para> available.
</para>
<note><para>System startup will fail if any of the filesystems fails to mount, <note>
dropping you to the emergency shell. <para>
You can make a mount asynchronous and non-critical by adding System startup will fail if any of the filesystems fails to mount, dropping
<literal><link linkend="opt-fileSystems._name__.options">options</link> = [ "nofail" ];</literal>. you to the emergency shell. You can make a mount asynchronous and
</para></note> non-critical by adding
<literal><link linkend="opt-fileSystems._name__.options">options</link> = [
<xi:include href="luks-file-systems.xml" /> "nofail" ];</literal>.
</para>
</note>
<xi:include href="luks-file-systems.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

49
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@ -3,49 +3,44 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-firewall"> xml:id="sec-firewall">
<title>Firewall</title>
<title>Firewall</title> <para>
NixOS has a simple stateful firewall that blocks incoming connections and
<para>NixOS has a simple stateful firewall that blocks incoming other unexpected packets. The firewall applies to both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic.
connections and other unexpected packets. The firewall applies to It is enabled by default. It can be disabled as follows:
both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. It is enabled by default. It can be
disabled as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.enable"/> = false; <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.enable"/> = false;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
If the firewall is enabled, you can open specific TCP ports to the outside
If the firewall is enabled, you can open specific TCP ports to the world:
outside world:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts"/> = [ 80 443 ]; <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts"/> = [ 80 443 ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Note that TCP port 22 (ssh) is opened automatically if the SSH daemon is
enabled (<option><xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> =
true</option>). UDP ports can be opened through
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts"/>.
</para>
Note that TCP port 22 (ssh) is opened automatically if the SSH daemon <para>
is enabled (<option><xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> = true</option>). UDP To open ranges of TCP ports:
ports can be opened through
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts"/>.</para>
<para>To open ranges of TCP ports:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPortRanges"/> = [ <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedTCPPortRanges"/> = [
{ from = 4000; to = 4007; } { from = 4000; to = 4007; }
{ from = 8000; to = 8010; } { from = 8000; to = 8010; }
]; ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Similarly, UDP port ranges can be opened through
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedUDPPortRanges"/>.
</para>
Similarly, UDP port ranges can be opened through <para>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowedUDPPortRanges"/>.</para> Also of interest is
<para>Also of interest is
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowPing"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-networking.firewall.allowPing"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
to allow the machine to respond to ping requests. (ICMPv6 pings are always
to allow the machine to respond to ping requests. (ICMPv6 pings are allowed.)
always allowed.)</para> </para>
</section> </section>

46
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@ -3,45 +3,41 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-ipv4"> xml:id="sec-ipv4">
<title>IPv4 Configuration</title>
<title>IPv4 Configuration</title> <para>
By default, NixOS uses DHCP (specifically, <command>dhcpcd</command>) to
<para>By default, NixOS uses DHCP (specifically, automatically configure network interfaces. However, you can configure an
<command>dhcpcd</command>) to automatically configure network interface manually as follows:
interfaces. However, you can configure an interface manually as
follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-networking.interfaces._name__.ipv4.addresses">networking.interfaces.eth0.ipv4.addresses</link> = [ { <link linkend="opt-networking.interfaces._name__.ipv4.addresses">networking.interfaces.eth0.ipv4.addresses</link> = [ {
address = "192.168.1.2"; address = "192.168.1.2";
prefixLength = 24; prefixLength = 24;
} ]; } ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Typically you’ll also want to set a default gateway and set of name
Typically you’ll also want to set a default gateway and set of name servers:
servers:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.defaultGateway"/> = "192.168.1.1"; <xref linkend="opt-networking.defaultGateway"/> = "192.168.1.1";
<xref linkend="opt-networking.nameservers"/> = [ "8.8.8.8" ]; <xref linkend="opt-networking.nameservers"/> = [ "8.8.8.8" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> <note>
<para>
<note><para>Statically configured interfaces are set up by the systemd Statically configured interfaces are set up by the systemd service
service <replaceable>interface-name</replaceable><literal>-cfg.service</literal>.
<replaceable>interface-name</replaceable><literal>-cfg.service</literal>. The default gateway and name server configuration is performed by
The default gateway and name server configuration is performed by <literal>network-setup.service</literal>.
<literal>network-setup.service</literal>.</para></note> </para>
</note>
<para>The host name is set using <xref linkend="opt-networking.hostName"/>:
<para>
The host name is set using <xref linkend="opt-networking.hostName"/>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.hostName"/> = "cartman"; <xref linkend="opt-networking.hostName"/> = "cartman";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The default host name is <literal>nixos</literal>. Set it to the empty string
The default host name is <literal>nixos</literal>. Set it to the (<literal>""</literal>) to allow the DHCP server to provide the host name.
empty string (<literal>""</literal>) to allow the DHCP server to </para>
provide the host name.</para>
</section> </section>

43
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/ipv6-config.xml
View File

@ -3,47 +3,48 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-ipv6"> xml:id="sec-ipv6">
<title>IPv6 Configuration</title>
<title>IPv6 Configuration</title> <para>
IPv6 is enabled by default. Stateless address autoconfiguration is used to
<para>IPv6 is enabled by default. Stateless address autoconfiguration automatically assign IPv6 addresses to all interfaces. You can disable IPv6
is used to automatically assign IPv6 addresses to all interfaces. You support globally by setting:
can disable IPv6 support globally by setting:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.enableIPv6"/> = false; <xref linkend="opt-networking.enableIPv6"/> = false;
</programlisting></para> </programlisting>
</para>
<para>You can disable IPv6 on a single interface using a normal sysctl (in this
example, we use interface <varname>eth0</varname>):
<para>
You can disable IPv6 on a single interface using a normal sysctl (in this
example, we use interface <varname>eth0</varname>):
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>."net.ipv6.conf.eth0.disable_ipv6" = true; <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>."net.ipv6.conf.eth0.disable_ipv6" = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>As with IPv4 networking interfaces are automatically configured via
DHCPv6. You can configure an interface manually:
<para>
As with IPv4 networking interfaces are automatically configured via DHCPv6.
You can configure an interface manually:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-networking.interfaces._name__.ipv6.addresses">networking.interfaces.eth0.ipv6.addresses</link> = [ { <link linkend="opt-networking.interfaces._name__.ipv6.addresses">networking.interfaces.eth0.ipv6.addresses</link> = [ {
address = "fe00:aa:bb:cc::2"; address = "fe00:aa:bb:cc::2";
prefixLength = 64; prefixLength = 64;
} ]; } ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>For configuring a gateway, optionally with explicitly specified interface:
<para>
For configuring a gateway, optionally with explicitly specified interface:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.defaultGateway6"/> = { <xref linkend="opt-networking.defaultGateway6"/> = {
address = "fe00::1"; address = "fe00::1";
interface = "enp0s3"; interface = "enp0s3";
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>See <xref linkend='sec-ipv4' /> for similar examples and additional information.
</para>
<para>
See <xref linkend='sec-ipv4' /> for similar examples and additional
information.
</para>
</section> </section>

93
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/linux-kernel.xml
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@ -3,29 +3,29 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-kernel-config"> xml:id="sec-kernel-config">
<title>Linux Kernel</title>
<title>Linux Kernel</title> <para>
You can override the Linux kernel and associated packages using the option
<para>You can override the Linux kernel and associated packages using <option>boot.kernelPackages</option>. For instance, this selects the Linux
the option <option>boot.kernelPackages</option>. For instance, this 3.10 kernel:
selects the Linux 3.10 kernel:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelPackages"/> = pkgs.linuxPackages_3_10; <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelPackages"/> = pkgs.linuxPackages_3_10;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Note that this not only replaces the kernel, but also packages that Note that this not only replaces the kernel, but also packages that are
are specific to the kernel version, such as the NVIDIA video drivers. specific to the kernel version, such as the NVIDIA video drivers. This
This ensures that driver packages are consistent with the ensures that driver packages are consistent with the kernel.
kernel.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>The default Linux kernel configuration should be fine for most users. You can see the configuration of your current kernel with the following command: The default Linux kernel configuration should be fine for most users. You can
see the configuration of your current kernel with the following command:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
zcat /proc/config.gz zcat /proc/config.gz
</programlisting> </programlisting>
If you want to change the kernel configuration, you can use the If you want to change the kernel configuration, you can use the
<option>packageOverrides</option> feature (see <xref <option>packageOverrides</option> feature (see
linkend="sec-customising-packages" />). For instance, to enable <xref
support for the kernel debugger KGDB: linkend="sec-customising-packages" />). For instance, to enable support
for the kernel debugger KGDB:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs: nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs:
{ linux_3_4 = pkgs.linux_3_4.override { { linux_3_4 = pkgs.linux_3_4.override {
@ -36,47 +36,46 @@ nixpkgs.config.packageOverrides = pkgs:
}; };
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<varname>extraConfig</varname> takes a list of Linux kernel configuration
<varname>extraConfig</varname> takes a list of Linux kernel options, one per line. The name of the option should not include the prefix
configuration options, one per line. The name of the option should <literal>CONFIG_</literal>. The option value is typically
not include the prefix <literal>CONFIG_</literal>. The option value <literal>y</literal>, <literal>n</literal> or <literal>m</literal> (to build
is typically <literal>y</literal>, <literal>n</literal> or something as a kernel module).
<literal>m</literal> (to build something as a kernel module).</para> </para>
<para>
<para>Kernel modules for hardware devices are generally loaded Kernel modules for hardware devices are generally loaded automatically by
automatically by <command>udev</command>. You can force a module to <command>udev</command>. You can force a module to be loaded via
be loaded via <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/>, e.g. <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/>, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/> = [ "fuse" "kvm-intel" "coretemp" ]; <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/> = [ "fuse" "kvm-intel" "coretemp" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
If the module is required early during the boot (e.g. to mount the If the module is required early during the boot (e.g. to mount the root file
root file system), you can use system), you can use <xref linkend="opt-boot.initrd.extraKernelModules"/>:
<xref linkend="opt-boot.initrd.extraKernelModules"/>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.initrd.extraKernelModules"/> = [ "cifs" ]; <xref linkend="opt-boot.initrd.extraKernelModules"/> = [ "cifs" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This causes the specified modules and their dependencies to be added This causes the specified modules and their dependencies to be added to the
to the initial ramdisk.</para> initial ramdisk.
</para>
<para>Kernel runtime parameters can be set through <para>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>, e.g. Kernel runtime parameters can be set through
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>."net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time" = 120; <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernel.sysctl"/>."net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time" = 120;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
sets the kernel’s TCP keepalive time to 120 seconds. To see the sets the kernel’s TCP keepalive time to 120 seconds. To see the available
available parameters, run <command>sysctl -a</command>.</para> parameters, run <command>sysctl -a</command>.
</para>
<section> <section>
<title>Developing kernel modules</title> <title>Developing kernel modules</title>
<para>When developing kernel modules it's often convenient to run <para>
edit-compile-run loop as quickly as possible. When developing kernel modules it's often convenient to run edit-compile-run
loop as quickly as possible. See below snippet as an example of developing
See below snippet as an example of developing <literal>mellanox</literal> <literal>mellanox</literal> drivers.
drivers.
</para> </para>
<screen><![CDATA[ <screen><![CDATA[
$ nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A linuxPackages.kernel.dev $ nix-build '<nixpkgs>' -A linuxPackages.kernel.dev
$ nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A linuxPackages.kernel $ nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A linuxPackages.kernel
$ unpackPhase $ unpackPhase
@ -84,7 +83,5 @@ $ cd linux-*
$ make -C $dev/lib/modules/*/build M=$(pwd)/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox modules $ make -C $dev/lib/modules/*/build M=$(pwd)/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox modules
# insmod ./drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/mlx5_core.ko # insmod ./drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/mlx5_core.ko
]]></screen> ]]></screen>
</section>
</section>
</chapter> </chapter>

30
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/luks-file-systems.xml
View File

@ -3,14 +3,13 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-luks-file-systems"> xml:id="sec-luks-file-systems">
<title>LUKS-Encrypted File Systems</title>
<title>LUKS-Encrypted File Systems</title> <para>
NixOS supports file systems that are encrypted using
<para>NixOS supports file systems that are encrypted using <emphasis>LUKS</emphasis> (Linux Unified Key Setup). For example, here is how
<emphasis>LUKS</emphasis> (Linux Unified Key Setup). For example, you create an encrypted Ext4 file system on the device
here is how you create an encrypted Ext4 file system on the device <filename>/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d</filename>:
<filename>/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d</filename>:
<screen> <screen>
# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d
@ -27,20 +26,15 @@ Enter passphrase for /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d: ***
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/crypted # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/crypted
</screen> </screen>
To ensure that this file system is automatically mounted at boot time as
To ensure that this file system is automatically mounted at boot time <filename>/</filename>, add the following to
as <filename>/</filename>, add the following to <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-boot.initrd.luks.devices._name__.device">boot.initrd.luks.devices.crypted.device</link> = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d"; <link linkend="opt-boot.initrd.luks.devices._name__.device">boot.initrd.luks.devices.crypted.device</link> = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d";
<xref linkend="opt-fileSystems"/>."/".device = "/dev/mapper/crypted"; <xref linkend="opt-fileSystems"/>."/".device = "/dev/mapper/crypted";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Should grub be used as bootloader, and <filename>/boot</filename> is located
Should grub be used as bootloader, and <filename>/boot</filename> is located on an encrypted partition, it is necessary to add the following grub option:
on an encrypted partition, it is necessary to add the following grub option:
<programlisting><xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.enableCryptodisk"/> = true;</programlisting> <programlisting><xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.enableCryptodisk"/> = true;</programlisting>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

140
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/modularity.xml
View File

@ -3,21 +3,21 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-modularity"> xml:id="sec-modularity">
<title>Modularity</title>
<title>Modularity</title> <para>
The NixOS configuration mechanism is modular. If your
<para>The NixOS configuration mechanism is modular. If your <filename>configuration.nix</filename> becomes too big, you can split it into
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> becomes too big, you can split multiple files. Likewise, if you have multiple NixOS configurations (e.g. for
it into multiple files. Likewise, if you have multiple NixOS different computers) with some commonality, you can move the common
configurations (e.g. for different computers) with some commonality, configuration into a shared file.
you can move the common configuration into a shared file.</para> </para>
<para>Modules have exactly the same syntax as
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>. In fact,
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> is itself a module. You can
use other modules by including them from
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>, e.g.:
<para>
Modules have exactly the same syntax as
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>. In fact,
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> is itself a module. You can use other
modules by including them from <filename>configuration.nix</filename>, e.g.:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { config, pkgs, ... }:
@ -27,11 +27,9 @@ use other modules by including them from
<replaceable>...</replaceable> <replaceable>...</replaceable>
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Here, we include two modules from the same directory,
Here, we include two modules from the same directory, <filename>vpn.nix</filename> and <filename>kde.nix</filename>. The latter
<filename>vpn.nix</filename> and <filename>kde.nix</filename>. The might look like this:
latter might look like this:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { config, pkgs, ... }:
@ -40,59 +38,55 @@ latter might look like this:
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable"/> = true;
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Note that both <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and
Note that both <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and <filename>kde.nix</filename> define the option
<filename>kde.nix</filename> define the option <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>. When multiple modules
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>. When multiple modules define an option, NixOS will try to <emphasis>merge</emphasis> the
define an option, NixOS will try to <emphasis>merge</emphasis> the definitions. In the case of <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>,
definitions. In the case of that’s easy: the lists of packages can simply be concatenated. The value in
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>, that’s easy: the lists of <filename>configuration.nix</filename> is merged last, so for list-type
packages can simply be concatenated. The value in options, it will appear at the end of the merged list. If you want it to
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> is merged last, so for appear first, you can use <varname>mkBefore</varname>:
list-type options, it will appear at the end of the merged list. If
you want it to appear first, you can use <varname>mkBefore</varname>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/> = mkBefore [ "kvm-intel" ]; <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/> = mkBefore [ "kvm-intel" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This causes the <literal>kvm-intel</literal> kernel module to be loaded
before any other kernel modules.
</para>
This causes the <literal>kvm-intel</literal> kernel module to be <para>
loaded before any other kernel modules.</para> For other types of options, a merge may not be possible. For instance, if two
modules define <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.adminAddr"/>,
<para>For other types of options, a merge may not be possible. For <command>nixos-rebuild</command> will give an error:
instance, if two modules define
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.adminAddr"/>,
<command>nixos-rebuild</command> will give an error:
<screen> <screen>
The unique option `services.httpd.adminAddr' is defined multiple times, in `/etc/nixos/httpd.nix' and `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix'. The unique option `services.httpd.adminAddr' is defined multiple times, in `/etc/nixos/httpd.nix' and `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix'.
</screen> </screen>
When that happens, it’s possible to force one definition take precedence
When that happens, it’s possible to force one definition take over the others:
precedence over the others:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.adminAddr"/> = pkgs.lib.mkForce "bob@example.org"; <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.adminAddr"/> = pkgs.lib.mkForce "bob@example.org";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> <para>
When using multiple modules, you may need to access configuration values
<para>When using multiple modules, you may need to access defined in other modules. This is what the <varname>config</varname> function
configuration values defined in other modules. This is what the argument is for: it contains the complete, merged system configuration. That
<varname>config</varname> function argument is for: it contains the is, <varname>config</varname> is the result of combining the configurations
complete, merged system configuration. That is, returned by every module
<varname>config</varname> is the result of combining the <footnote>
configurations returned by every module<footnote><para>If you’re <para>
wondering how it’s possible that the (indirect) If you’re wondering how it’s possible that the (indirect)
<emphasis>result</emphasis> of a function is passed as an <emphasis>result</emphasis> of a function is passed as an
<emphasis>input</emphasis> to that same function: that’s because Nix <emphasis>input</emphasis> to that same function: that’s because Nix is a
is a “lazy” language — it only computes values when they are needed. “lazy” language — it only computes values when they are needed. This
This works as long as no individual configuration value depends on works as long as no individual configuration value depends on itself.
itself.</para></footnote>. For example, here is a module that adds </para>
some packages to <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> only if </footnote>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.enable"/> is set to . For example, here is a module that adds some packages to
<literal>true</literal> somewhere else: <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> only if
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.enable"/> is set to
<literal>true</literal> somewhere else:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { config, pkgs, ... }:
@ -105,13 +99,12 @@ some packages to <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/> only if
[ ]; [ ];
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> <para>
With multiple modules, it may not be obvious what the final value of a
<para>With multiple modules, it may not be obvious what the final configuration option is. The command <option>nixos-option</option> allows you
value of a configuration option is. The command to find out:
<option>nixos-option</option> allows you to find out:
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-option <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.enable"/> $ nixos-option <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.enable"/>
true true
@ -119,14 +112,11 @@ true
$ nixos-option <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/> $ nixos-option <xref linkend="opt-boot.kernelModules"/>
[ "tun" "ipv6" "loop" <replaceable>...</replaceable> ] [ "tun" "ipv6" "loop" <replaceable>...</replaceable> ]
</screen> </screen>
Interactive exploration of the configuration is possible using
Interactive exploration of the configuration is possible using <command
<command
xlink:href="https://github.com/edolstra/nix-repl">nix-repl</command>, xlink:href="https://github.com/edolstra/nix-repl">nix-repl</command>,
a read-eval-print loop for Nix expressions. It’s not installed by a read-eval-print loop for Nix expressions. It’s not installed by default;
default; run <literal>nix-env -i nix-repl</literal> to get it. A run <literal>nix-env -i nix-repl</literal> to get it. A typical use:
typical use:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-repl '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos>' $ nix-repl '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos>'
@ -136,7 +126,5 @@ nix-repl> config.<xref linkend="opt-networking.hostName"/>
nix-repl> map (x: x.hostName) config.<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/> nix-repl> map (x: x.hostName) config.<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts"/>
[ "example.org" "example.gov" ] [ "example.org" "example.gov" ]
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

53
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/network-manager.xml
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@ -3,39 +3,42 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-networkmanager"> xml:id="sec-networkmanager">
<title>NetworkManager</title>
<title>NetworkManager</title> <para>
To facilitate network configuration, some desktop environments use
<para>To facilitate network configuration, some desktop environments NetworkManager. You can enable NetworkManager by setting:
use NetworkManager. You can enable NetworkManager by setting:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.networkmanager.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-networking.networkmanager.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
some desktop managers (e.g., GNOME) enable NetworkManager automatically for
you.
</para>
some desktop managers (e.g., GNOME) enable NetworkManager <para>
automatically for you.</para> All users that should have permission to change network settings must belong
to the <code>networkmanager</code> group:
<para>All users that should have permission to change network settings must
belong to the <code>networkmanager</code> group:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.extraGroups">users.extraUsers.youruser.extraGroups</link> = [ "networkmanager" ]; <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.extraGroups">users.extraUsers.youruser.extraGroups</link> = [ "networkmanager" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>NetworkManager is controlled using either <command>nmcli</command> or <para>
<command>nmtui</command> (curses-based terminal user interface). See their NetworkManager is controlled using either <command>nmcli</command> or
manual pages for details on their usage. Some desktop environments (GNOME, KDE) <command>nmtui</command> (curses-based terminal user interface). See their
have their own configuration tools for NetworkManager. On XFCE, there is no manual pages for details on their usage. Some desktop environments (GNOME,
configuration tool for NetworkManager by default: by adding KDE) have their own configuration tools for NetworkManager. On XFCE, there is
<code>networkmanagerapplet</code> to the list of system packages, the graphical no configuration tool for NetworkManager by default: by adding
applet will be installed and will launch automatically when XFCE is starting <code>networkmanagerapplet</code> to the list of system packages, the
(and will show in the status tray).</para> graphical applet will be installed and will launch automatically when XFCE is
starting (and will show in the status tray).
<note><para><code>networking.networkmanager</code> and </para>
<code>networking.wireless</code> (WPA Supplicant) cannot be enabled at the same
time: you can still connect to the wireless networks using
NetworkManager.</para></note>
<note>
<para>
<code>networking.networkmanager</code> and <code>networking.wireless</code>
(WPA Supplicant) cannot be enabled at the same time: you can still connect
to the wireless networks using NetworkManager.
</para>
</note>
</section> </section>

27
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/networking.xml
View File

@ -3,20 +3,17 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-networking"> xml:id="sec-networking">
<title>Networking</title>
<title>Networking</title> <para>
This section describes how to configure networking components on your NixOS
<para>This section describes how to configure networking components on machine.
your NixOS machine.</para> </para>
<xi:include href="network-manager.xml" />
<xi:include href="network-manager.xml" /> <xi:include href="ssh.xml" />
<xi:include href="ssh.xml" /> <xi:include href="ipv4-config.xml" />
<xi:include href="ipv4-config.xml" /> <xi:include href="ipv6-config.xml" />
<xi:include href="ipv6-config.xml" /> <xi:include href="firewall.xml" />
<xi:include href="firewall.xml" /> <xi:include href="wireless.xml" />
<xi:include href="wireless.xml" /> <xi:include href="ad-hoc-network-config.xml" />
<xi:include href="ad-hoc-network-config.xml" />
<!-- TODO: OpenVPN, NAT --> <!-- TODO: OpenVPN, NAT -->
</chapter> </chapter>

53
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@ -3,32 +3,29 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-package-management"> xml:id="sec-package-management">
<title>Package Management</title>
<title>Package Management</title> <para>
This section describes how to add additional packages to your system. NixOS
<para>This section describes how to add additional packages to your has two distinct styles of package management:
system. NixOS has two distinct styles of package management: <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist> <para>
<emphasis>Declarative</emphasis>, where you declare what packages you want
<listitem><para><emphasis>Declarative</emphasis>, where you declare in your <filename>configuration.nix</filename>. Every time you run
what packages you want in your <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, NixOS will ensure that you get a
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>. Every time you run consistent set of binaries corresponding to your specification.
<command>nixos-rebuild</command>, NixOS will ensure that you get a </para>
consistent set of binaries corresponding to your </listitem>
specification.</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para><emphasis>Ad hoc</emphasis>, where you install, <emphasis>Ad hoc</emphasis>, where you install, upgrade and uninstall
upgrade and uninstall packages via the <command>nix-env</command> packages via the <command>nix-env</command> command. This style allows
command. This style allows mixing packages from different Nixpkgs mixing packages from different Nixpkgs versions. It’s the only choice
versions. It’s the only choice for non-root for non-root users.
users.</para></listitem> </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</para>
</para> <xi:include href="declarative-packages.xml" />
<xi:include href="ad-hoc-packages.xml" />
<xi:include href="declarative-packages.xml" />
<xi:include href="ad-hoc-packages.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

27
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@ -3,30 +3,25 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-ssh"> xml:id="sec-ssh">
<title>Secure Shell Access</title>
<title>Secure Shell Access</title> <para>
Secure shell (SSH) access to your machine can be enabled by setting:
<para>Secure shell (SSH) access to your machine can be enabled by
setting:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
By default, root logins using a password are disallowed. They can be disabled
entirely by setting <xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.permitRootLogin"/> to
<literal>"no"</literal>.
</para>
By default, root logins using a password are disallowed. They can be <para>
disabled entirely by setting You can declaratively specify authorised RSA/DSA public keys for a user as
<xref linkend="opt-services.openssh.permitRootLogin"/> to follows:
<literal>"no"</literal>.</para>
<para>You can declaratively specify authorised RSA/DSA public keys for
a user as follows:
<!-- FIXME: this might not work if the user is unmanaged. --> <!-- FIXME: this might not work if the user is unmanaged. -->
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys">users.extraUsers.alice.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys</link> = <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys">users.extraUsers.alice.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys</link> =
[ "ssh-dss AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAPIkGWVEt4..." ]; [ "ssh-dss AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAPIkGWVEt4..." ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

369
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@ -3,190 +3,225 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-nix-syntax-summary"> xml:id="sec-nix-syntax-summary">
<title>Syntax Summary</title>
<title>Syntax Summary</title> <para>
Below is a summary of the most important syntactic constructs in the Nix
<para>Below is a summary of the most important syntactic constructs in expression language. It’s not complete. In particular, there are many other
the Nix expression language. It’s not complete. In particular, there built-in functions. See the
are many other built-in functions. See the <link <link
xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions">Nix xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-writing-nix-expressions">Nix
manual</link> for the rest.</para> manual</link> for the rest.
</para>
<informaltable frame='none'> <informaltable frame='none'>
<tgroup cols='2'> <tgroup cols='2'>
<colspec colname='c1' rowsep='1' colsep='1' /> <colspec colname='c1' rowsep='1' colsep='1' />
<colspec colname='c2' rowsep='1' /> <colspec colname='c2' rowsep='1' />
<thead> <thead>
<row> <row>
<entry>Example</entry> <entry>Example</entry>
<entry>Description</entry> <entry>Description</entry>
</row> </row>
</thead> </thead>
<tbody> <tbody>
<row>
<row> <entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Basic values</emphasis>
<entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Basic values</emphasis></entry> </entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>"Hello world"</literal></entry> <entry><literal>"Hello world"</literal>
<entry>A string</entry> </entry>
</row> <entry>A string</entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>"${pkgs.bash}/bin/sh"</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>A string containing an expression (expands to <literal>"/nix/store/<replaceable>hash</replaceable>-bash-<replaceable>version</replaceable>/bin/sh"</literal>)</entry> <entry><literal>"${pkgs.bash}/bin/sh"</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> <entry>A string containing an expression (expands to <literal>"/nix/store/<replaceable>hash</replaceable>-bash-<replaceable>version</replaceable>/bin/sh"</literal>)</entry>
<entry><literal>true</literal>, <literal>false</literal></entry> </row>
<entry>Booleans</entry> <row>
</row> <entry><literal>true</literal>, <literal>false</literal>
<row> </entry>
<entry><literal>123</literal></entry> <entry>Booleans</entry>
<entry>An integer</entry> </row>
</row> <row>
<row> <entry><literal>123</literal>
<entry><literal>./foo.png</literal></entry> </entry>
<entry>A path (relative to the containing Nix expression)</entry> <entry>An integer</entry>
</row> </row>
<row>
<row> <entry><literal>./foo.png</literal>
<entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Compound values</emphasis></entry> </entry>
</row> <entry>A path (relative to the containing Nix expression)</entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>A set with attributes named <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal></entry> <entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Compound values</emphasis>
</row> </entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>{ foo.bar = 1; }</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>A nested set, equivalent to <literal>{ foo = { bar = 1; }; }</literal></entry> <entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> <entry>A set with attributes named <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal>
<entry><literal>rec { x = "foo"; y = x + "bar"; }</literal></entry> </entry>
<entry>A recursive set, equivalent to <literal>{ x = "foo"; y = "foobar"; }</literal></entry> </row>
</row> <row>
<row> <entry><literal>{ foo.bar = 1; }</literal>
<entry><literal>[ "foo" "bar" ]</literal></entry> </entry>
<entry>A list with two elements</entry> <entry>A nested set, equivalent to <literal>{ foo = { bar = 1; }; }</literal>
</row> </entry>
</row>
<row> <row>
<entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Operators</emphasis></entry> <entry><literal>rec { x = "foo"; y = x + "bar"; }</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> <entry>A recursive set, equivalent to <literal>{ x = "foo"; y = "foobar"; }</literal>
<entry><literal>"foo" + "bar"</literal></entry> </entry>
<entry>String concatenation</entry> </row>
</row> <row>
<row> <entry><literal>[ "foo" "bar" ]</literal>
<entry><literal>1 + 2</literal></entry> </entry>
<entry>Integer addition</entry> <entry>A list with two elements</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>"foo" == "f" + "oo"</literal></entry> <entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Operators</emphasis>
<entry>Equality test (evaluates to <literal>true</literal>)</entry> </entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>"foo" != "bar"</literal></entry> <entry><literal>"foo" + "bar"</literal>
<entry>Inequality test (evaluates to <literal>true</literal>)</entry> </entry>
</row> <entry>String concatenation</entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>!true</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>Boolean negation</entry> <entry><literal>1 + 2</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> <entry>Integer addition</entry>
<entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }.x</literal></entry> </row>
<entry>Attribute selection (evaluates to <literal>1</literal>)</entry> <row>
</row> <entry><literal>"foo" == "f" + "oo"</literal>
<row> </entry>
<entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }.z or 3</literal></entry> <entry>Equality test (evaluates to <literal>true</literal>)</entry>
<entry>Attribute selection with default (evaluates to <literal>3</literal>)</entry> </row>
</row> <row>
<row> <entry><literal>"foo" != "bar"</literal>
<entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; } // { z = 3; }</literal></entry> </entry>
<entry>Merge two sets (attributes in the right-hand set taking precedence)</entry> <entry>Inequality test (evaluates to <literal>true</literal>)</entry>
</row> </row>
<row>
<row> <entry><literal>!true</literal>
<entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Control structures</emphasis></entry> </entry>
</row> <entry>Boolean negation</entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>if 1 + 1 == 2 then "yes!" else "no!"</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>Conditional expression</entry> <entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }.x</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> <entry>Attribute selection (evaluates to <literal>1</literal>)</entry>
<entry><literal>assert 1 + 1 == 2; "yes!"</literal></entry> </row>
<entry>Assertion check (evaluates to <literal>"yes!"</literal>). See <xref <row>
<entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; }.z or 3</literal>
</entry>
<entry>Attribute selection with default (evaluates to <literal>3</literal>)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>{ x = 1; y = 2; } // { z = 3; }</literal>
</entry>
<entry>Merge two sets (attributes in the right-hand set taking precedence)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Control structures</emphasis>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>if 1 + 1 == 2 then "yes!" else "no!"</literal>
</entry>
<entry>Conditional expression</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>assert 1 + 1 == 2; "yes!"</literal>
</entry>
<entry>Assertion check (evaluates to <literal>"yes!"</literal>). See <xref
linkend="sec-assertions"/> for using assertions in modules</entry> linkend="sec-assertions"/> for using assertions in modules</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>let x = "foo"; y = "bar"; in x + y</literal></entry> <entry><literal>let x = "foo"; y = "bar"; in x + y</literal>
<entry>Variable definition</entry> </entry>
</row> <entry>Variable definition</entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>with pkgs.lib; head [ 1 2 3 ]</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>Add all attributes from the given set to the scope <entry><literal>with pkgs.lib; head [ 1 2 3 ]</literal>
</entry>
<entry>Add all attributes from the given set to the scope
(evaluates to <literal>1</literal>)</entry> (evaluates to <literal>1</literal>)</entry>
</row> </row>
<row>
<row> <entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Functions (lambdas)</emphasis>
<entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Functions (lambdas)</emphasis></entry> </entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>x: x + 1</literal></entry> <entry><literal>x: x + 1</literal>
<entry>A function that expects an integer and returns it increased by 1</entry> </entry>
</row> <entry>A function that expects an integer and returns it increased by 1</entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>(x: x + 1) 100</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>A function call (evaluates to 101)</entry> <entry><literal>(x: x + 1) 100</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> <entry>A function call (evaluates to 101)</entry>
<entry><literal>let inc = x: x + 1; in inc (inc (inc 100))</literal></entry> </row>
<entry>A function bound to a variable and subsequently called by name (evaluates to 103)</entry> <row>
</row> <entry><literal>let inc = x: x + 1; in inc (inc (inc 100))</literal>
<row> </entry>
<entry><literal>{ x, y }: x + y</literal></entry> <entry>A function bound to a variable and subsequently called by name (evaluates to 103)</entry>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attributes </row>
<row>
<entry><literal>{ x, y }: x + y</literal>
</entry>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attributes
<literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> and concatenates <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> and concatenates
them</entry> them</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>{ x, y ? "bar" }: x + y</literal></entry> <entry><literal>{ x, y ? "bar" }: x + y</literal>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attribute </entry>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attribute
<literal>x</literal> and optional <literal>y</literal>, using <literal>x</literal> and optional <literal>y</literal>, using
<literal>"bar"</literal> as default value for <literal>"bar"</literal> as default value for
<literal>y</literal></entry> <literal>y</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>{ x, y, ... }: x + y</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attributes <entry><literal>{ x, y, ... }: x + y</literal>
</entry>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attributes
<literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> and ignores any <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal> and ignores any
other attributes</entry> other attributes</entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>{ x, y } @ args: x + y</literal></entry> <entry><literal>{ x, y } @ args: x + y</literal>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attributes </entry>
<entry>A function that expects a set with required attributes
<literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal>, and binds the <literal>x</literal> and <literal>y</literal>, and binds the
whole set to <literal>args</literal></entry> whole set to <literal>args</literal>
</row> </entry>
</row>
<row> <row>
<entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Built-in functions</emphasis></entry> <entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><emphasis>Built-in functions</emphasis>
</row> </entry>
<row> </row>
<entry><literal>import ./foo.nix</literal></entry> <row>
<entry>Load and return Nix expression in given file</entry> <entry><literal>import ./foo.nix</literal>
</row> </entry>
<row> <entry>Load and return Nix expression in given file</entry>
<entry><literal>map (x: x + x) [ 1 2 3 ]</literal></entry> </row>
<entry>Apply a function to every element of a list (evaluates to <literal>[ 2 4 6 ]</literal>)</entry> <row>
</row> <entry><literal>map (x: x + x) [ 1 2 3 ]</literal>
<!-- </entry>
<entry>Apply a function to every element of a list (evaluates to <literal>[ 2 4 6 ]</literal>)</entry>
</row>
<!--
<row> <row>
<entry><literal>throw "Urgh"</literal></entry> <entry><literal>throw "Urgh"</literal></entry>
<entry>Raise an error condition</entry> <entry>Raise an error condition</entry>
</row> </row>
--> -->
</tbody>
</tbody>
</tgroup> </tgroup>
</informaltable> </informaltable>
</section> </section>

124
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@ -3,14 +3,12 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-user-management"> xml:id="sec-user-management">
<title>User Management</title>
<title>User Management</title> <para>
NixOS supports both declarative and imperative styles of user management. In
<para>NixOS supports both declarative and imperative styles of user the declarative style, users are specified in
management. In the declarative style, users are specified in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>. For instance, the following states
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>. For instance, the following that a user account named <literal>alice</literal> shall exist:
states that a user account named <literal>alice</literal> shall exist:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-users.users"/>.alice = { <xref linkend="opt-users.users"/>.alice = {
<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.isNormalUser">isNormalUser</link> = true; <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.isNormalUser">isNormalUser</link> = true;
@ -20,81 +18,71 @@ states that a user account named <literal>alice</literal> shall exist:
<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys">openssh.authorizedKeys.keys</link> = [ "ssh-dss AAAAB3Nza... alice@foobar" ]; <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys">openssh.authorizedKeys.keys</link> = [ "ssh-dss AAAAB3Nza... alice@foobar" ];
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Note that <literal>alice</literal> is a member of the
Note that <literal>alice</literal> is a member of the <literal>wheel</literal> and <literal>networkmanager</literal> groups, which
<literal>wheel</literal> and <literal>networkmanager</literal> groups, allows her to use <command>sudo</command> to execute commands as
which allows her to use <command>sudo</command> to execute commands as <literal>root</literal> and to configure the network, respectively. Also note
<literal>root</literal> and to configure the network, respectively. the SSH public key that allows remote logins with the corresponding private
Also note the SSH public key that allows remote logins with the key. Users created in this way do not have a password by default, so they
corresponding private key. Users created in this way do not have a cannot log in via mechanisms that require a password. However, you can use
password by default, so they cannot log in via mechanisms that require the <command>passwd</command> program to set a password, which is retained
a password. However, you can use the <command>passwd</command> program across invocations of <command>nixos-rebuild</command>.
to set a password, which is retained across invocations of </para>
<command>nixos-rebuild</command>.</para> <para>
If you set <xref linkend="opt-users.mutableUsers"/> to false, then the
<para>If you set <xref linkend="opt-users.mutableUsers"/> to false, then the contents of contents of <literal>/etc/passwd</literal> and <literal>/etc/group</literal>
<literal>/etc/passwd</literal> and <literal>/etc/group</literal> will be congruent to will be congruent to your NixOS configuration. For instance, if you remove a
your NixOS configuration. For instance, if you remove a user from <xref linkend="opt-users.users"/> user from <xref linkend="opt-users.users"/> and run nixos-rebuild, the user
and run nixos-rebuild, the user account will cease to exist. Also, imperative commands for managing users account will cease to exist. Also, imperative commands for managing users and
and groups, such as useradd, are no longer available. Passwords may still be groups, such as useradd, are no longer available. Passwords may still be
assigned by setting the user's <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.hashedPassword">hashedPassword</link> assigned by setting the user's
option. A hashed password can be generated using <command>mkpasswd -m sha-512</command> <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.hashedPassword">hashedPassword</link>
after installing the <literal>mkpasswd</literal> package.</para> option. A hashed password can be generated using <command>mkpasswd -m
sha-512</command> after installing the <literal>mkpasswd</literal> package.
<para>A user ID (uid) is assigned automatically. You can also specify </para>
a uid manually by adding <para>
A user ID (uid) is assigned automatically. You can also specify a uid
manually by adding
<programlisting> <programlisting>
uid = 1000; uid = 1000;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
to the user specification.
to the user specification.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>Groups can be specified similarly. The following states that a Groups can be specified similarly. The following states that a group named
group named <literal>students</literal> shall exist: <literal>students</literal> shall exist:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-users.groups"/>.students.gid = 1000; <xref linkend="opt-users.groups"/>.students.gid = 1000;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
As with users, the group ID (gid) is optional and will be assigned
As with users, the group ID (gid) is optional and will be assigned automatically if it’s missing.
automatically if it’s missing.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>In the imperative style, users and groups are managed by In the imperative style, users and groups are managed by commands such as
commands such as <command>useradd</command>, <command>useradd</command>, <command>groupmod</command> and so on. For
<command>groupmod</command> and so on. For instance, to create a user instance, to create a user account named <literal>alice</literal>:
account named <literal>alice</literal>:
<screen> <screen>
# useradd -m alice</screen> # useradd -m alice</screen>
To make all nix tools available to this new user use `su - USER` which opens
To make all nix tools available to this new user use `su - USER` which a login shell (==shell that loads the profile) for given user. This will
opens a login shell (==shell that loads the profile) for given user. create the ~/.nix-defexpr symlink. So run:
This will create the ~/.nix-defexpr symlink. So run:
<screen> <screen>
# su - alice -c "true"</screen> # su - alice -c "true"</screen>
The flag <option>-m</option> causes the creation of a home directory for the
new user, which is generally what you want. The user does not have an initial
The flag <option>-m</option> causes the creation of a home directory password and therefore cannot log in. A password can be set using the
for the new user, which is generally what you want. The user does not <command>passwd</command> utility:
have an initial password and therefore cannot log in. A password can
be set using the <command>passwd</command> utility:
<screen> <screen>
# passwd alice # passwd alice
Enter new UNIX password: *** Enter new UNIX password: ***
Retype new UNIX password: *** Retype new UNIX password: ***
</screen> </screen>
A user can be deleted using <command>userdel</command>:
A user can be deleted using <command>userdel</command>:
<screen> <screen>
# userdel -r alice</screen> # userdel -r alice</screen>
The flag <option>-r</option> deletes the user’s home directory. Accounts
The flag <option>-r</option> deletes the user’s home directory. can be modified using <command>usermod</command>. Unix groups can be managed
Accounts can be modified using <command>usermod</command>. Unix using <command>groupadd</command>, <command>groupmod</command> and
groups can be managed using <command>groupadd</command>, <command>groupdel</command>.
<command>groupmod</command> and <command>groupdel</command>.</para> </para>
</chapter> </chapter>

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@ -3,22 +3,20 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-wireless"> xml:id="sec-wireless">
<title>Wireless Networks</title>
<title>Wireless Networks</title> <para>
For a desktop installation using NetworkManager (e.g., GNOME), you just have
<para>For a desktop installation using NetworkManager (e.g., GNOME), to make sure the user is in the <code>networkmanager</code> group and you can
you just have to make sure the user is in the skip the rest of this section on wireless networks.
<code>networkmanager</code> group and you can skip the rest of this </para>
section on wireless networks.</para>
<para>
NixOS will start wpa_supplicant for you if you enable this setting:
<para>
NixOS will start wpa_supplicant for you if you enable this setting:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.wireless.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-networking.wireless.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
NixOS lets you specify networks for wpa_supplicant declaratively:
NixOS lets you specify networks for wpa_supplicant declaratively:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-networking.wireless.networks"/> = { <xref linkend="opt-networking.wireless.networks"/> = {
echelon = { echelon = {
@ -27,27 +25,21 @@ NixOS lets you specify networks for wpa_supplicant declaratively:
"free.wifi" = {}; "free.wifi" = {};
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Be aware that keys will be written to the nix store in plaintext! When no
networks are set, it will default to using a configuration file at
<literal>/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>. You should edit this file
yourself to define wireless networks, WPA keys and so on (see
wpa_supplicant.conf(5)).
</para>
Be aware that keys will be written to the nix store in plaintext! <para>
If you are using WPA2 the <command>wpa_passphrase</command> tool might be
When no networks are set, it will default to using a configuration file at useful to generate the <literal>wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>.
<literal>/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>. You should edit this file
yourself to define wireless networks, WPA keys and so on (see
wpa_supplicant.conf(5)).
</para>
<para>
If you are using WPA2 the <command>wpa_passphrase</command> tool might be useful
to generate the <literal>wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>.
<screen> <screen>
# wpa_passphrase ESSID PSK > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</screen> # wpa_passphrase ESSID PSK > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</screen>
After you have edited the <literal>wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>, you need to
After you have edited the <literal>wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>, restart the wpa_supplicant service.
you need to restart the wpa_supplicant service.
<screen> <screen>
# systemctl restart wpa_supplicant.service</screen> # systemctl restart wpa_supplicant.service</screen>
</para> </para>
</section> </section>

159
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@ -3,27 +3,25 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-x11"> xml:id="sec-x11">
<title>X Window System</title>
<title>X Window System</title> <para>
The X Window System (X11) provides the basis of NixOS’ graphical user
<para>The X Window System (X11) provides the basis of NixOS’ graphical interface. It can be enabled as follows:
user interface. It can be enabled as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The X server will automatically detect and use the appropriate video The X server will automatically detect and use the appropriate video driver
driver from a set of X.org drivers (such as <literal>vesa</literal> from a set of X.org drivers (such as <literal>vesa</literal> and
and <literal>intel</literal>). You can also specify a driver <literal>intel</literal>). You can also specify a driver manually, e.g.
manually, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "r128" ]; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "r128" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
to enable X.org’s <literal>xf86-video-r128</literal> driver.</para> to enable X.org’s <literal>xf86-video-r128</literal> driver.
</para>
<para>You also need to enable at least one desktop or window manager. <para>
Otherwise, you can only log into a plain undecorated You also need to enable at least one desktop or window manager. Otherwise,
<command>xterm</command> window. Thus you should pick one or more of you can only log into a plain undecorated <command>xterm</command> window.
the following lines: Thus you should pick one or more of the following lines:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable"/> = true;
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.xfce.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.xfce.enable"/> = true;
@ -33,108 +31,105 @@ the following lines:
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.windowManager.icewm.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.windowManager.icewm.enable"/> = true;
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.windowManager.i3.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.windowManager.i3.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>
<para>NixOS’s default <emphasis>display manager</emphasis> (the NixOS’s default <emphasis>display manager</emphasis> (the program that
program that provides a graphical login prompt and manages the X provides a graphical login prompt and manages the X server) is SLiM. You can
server) is SLiM. You can select an alternative one by picking one select an alternative one by picking one of the following lines:
of the following lines:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.displayManager.sddm.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.displayManager.sddm.enable"/> = true;
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.displayManager.lightdm.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.displayManager.lightdm.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>
<para>You can set the keyboard layout (and optionally the layout variant): You can set the keyboard layout (and optionally the layout variant):
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.layout"/> = "de"; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.layout"/> = "de";
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.xkbVariant"/> = "neo"; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.xkbVariant"/> = "neo";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>
<para>The X server is started automatically at boot time. If you The X server is started automatically at boot time. If you don’t want this
don’t want this to happen, you can set: to happen, you can set:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.autorun"/> = false; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.autorun"/> = false;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The X server can then be started manually: The X server can then be started manually:
<screen> <screen>
# systemctl start display-manager.service # systemctl start display-manager.service
</screen> </screen>
</para> </para>
<simplesect>
<title>NVIDIA Graphics Cards</title>
<simplesect><title>NVIDIA Graphics Cards</title> <para>
NVIDIA provides a proprietary driver for its graphics cards that has better
<para>NVIDIA provides a proprietary driver for its graphics cards that 3D performance than the X.org drivers. It is not enabled by default because
has better 3D performance than the X.org drivers. It is not enabled it’s not free software. You can enable it as follows:
by default because it’s not free software. You can enable it as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidia" ]; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidia" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Or if you have an older card, you may have to use one of the legacy drivers: Or if you have an older card, you may have to use one of the legacy drivers:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidiaLegacy340" ]; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidiaLegacy340" ];
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidiaLegacy304" ]; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidiaLegacy304" ];
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidiaLegacy173" ]; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "nvidiaLegacy173" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
You may need to reboot after enabling this driver to prevent a clash You may need to reboot after enabling this driver to prevent a clash with
with other kernel modules.</para> other kernel modules.
</para>
<para>On 64-bit systems, if you want full acceleration for 32-bit <para>
programs such as Wine, you should also set the following: On 64-bit systems, if you want full acceleration for 32-bit programs such as
Wine, you should also set the following:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-hardware.opengl.driSupport32Bit"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-hardware.opengl.driSupport32Bit"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</simplesect>
</simplesect> <simplesect>
<title>AMD Graphics Cards</title>
<simplesect><title>AMD Graphics Cards</title> <para>
AMD provides a proprietary driver for its graphics cards that has better 3D
<para>AMD provides a proprietary driver for its graphics cards that performance than the X.org drivers. It is not enabled by default because
has better 3D performance than the X.org drivers. It is not enabled it’s not free software. You can enable it as follows:
by default because it’s not free software. You can enable it as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "ati_unfree" ]; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.videoDrivers"/> = [ "ati_unfree" ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
You will need to reboot after enabling this driver to prevent a clash You will need to reboot after enabling this driver to prevent a clash with
with other kernel modules.</para> other kernel modules.
</para>
<para>On 64-bit systems, if you want full acceleration for 32-bit <para>
programs such as Wine, you should also set the following: On 64-bit systems, if you want full acceleration for 32-bit programs such as
Wine, you should also set the following:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-hardware.opengl.driSupport32Bit"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-hardware.opengl.driSupport32Bit"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</simplesect>
</simplesect> <simplesect>
<title>Touchpads</title>
<simplesect><title>Touchpads</title> <para>
Support for Synaptics touchpads (found in many laptops such as the Dell
<para>Support for Synaptics touchpads (found in many laptops such as Latitude series) can be enabled as follows:
the Dell Latitude series) can be enabled as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.libinput.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.libinput.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The driver has many options (see <xref linkend="ch-options"/>). For The driver has many options (see <xref linkend="ch-options"/>). For
instance, the following disables tap-to-click behavior: instance, the following disables tap-to-click behavior:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.libinput.tapping"/> = false; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.libinput.tapping"/> = false;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Note: the use of <literal>services.xserver.synaptics</literal> is deprecated since NixOS 17.09. Note: the use of <literal>services.xserver.synaptics</literal> is deprecated
</para> since NixOS 17.09.
</para>
</simplesect> </simplesect>
<simplesect>
<simplesect><title>GTK/Qt themes</title> <title>GTK/Qt themes</title>
<para>
<para>GTK themes can be installed either to user profile or system-wide (via GTK themes can be installed either to user profile or system-wide (via
<literal>environment.systemPackages</literal>). To make Qt 5 applications look similar <literal>environment.systemPackages</literal>). To make Qt 5 applications
to GTK2 ones, you can install <literal>qt5.qtbase.gtk</literal> package into your look similar to GTK2 ones, you can install <literal>qt5.qtbase.gtk</literal>
system environment. It should work for all Qt 5 library versions. package into your system environment. It should work for all Qt 5 library
</para> versions.
</para>
</simplesect> </simplesect>
</chapter> </chapter>

116
nixos/doc/manual/configuration/xfce.xml
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@ -3,23 +3,20 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-xfce"> xml:id="sec-xfce">
<title>Xfce Desktop Environment</title>
<title>Xfce Desktop Environment</title> <para>
To enable the Xfce Desktop Environment, set
<para> <programlisting>
To enable the Xfce Desktop Environment, set
<programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.default">services.xserver.desktopManager</link> = { <link linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.default">services.xserver.desktopManager</link> = {
<link linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.xfce.enable">xfce.enable</link> = true; <link linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.xfce.enable">xfce.enable</link> = true;
<link linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.default">default</link> = "xfce"; <link linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.default">default</link> = "xfce";
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>
<para> Optionally, <emphasis>compton</emphasis> can be enabled for nice graphical
Optionally, <emphasis>compton</emphasis> effects, some example settings:
can be enabled for nice graphical effects, some example settings: <programlisting>
<programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-services.compton.enable">services.compton</link> = { <link linkend="opt-services.compton.enable">services.compton</link> = {
<link linkend="opt-services.compton.enable">enable</link> = true; <link linkend="opt-services.compton.enable">enable</link> = true;
<link linkend="opt-services.compton.fade">fade</link> = true; <link linkend="opt-services.compton.fade">fade</link> = true;
@ -28,67 +25,48 @@
<link linkend="opt-services.compton.fadeDelta">fadeDelta</link> = 4; <link linkend="opt-services.compton.fadeDelta">fadeDelta</link> = 4;
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>
<para> Some Xfce programs are not installed automatically. To install them manually
Some Xfce programs are not installed automatically. (system wide), put them into your
To install them manually (system wide), put them into your <xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>.
<xref linkend="opt-environment.systemPackages"/>. </para>
</para> <simplesect>
<title>Thunar Volume Support</title>
<simplesect> <para>
<title>Thunar Volume Support</title> To enable <emphasis>Thunar</emphasis> volume support, put
<programlisting>
<para>
To enable
<emphasis>Thunar</emphasis>
volume support, put
<programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.xfce.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-services.xserver.desktopManager.xfce.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
into your <emphasis>configuration.nix</emphasis>. into your <emphasis>configuration.nix</emphasis>.
</para> </para>
</simplesect>
</simplesect> <simplesect>
<title>Polkit Authentication Agent</title>
<simplesect> <para>
<title>Polkit Authentication Agent</title> There is no authentication agent automatically installed alongside Xfce. To
allow mounting of local (non-removable) filesystems, you will need to
<para> install one. Installing <emphasis>polkit_gnome</emphasis>, a rebuild, logout
There is no authentication agent automatically installed alongside and login did the trick.
Xfce. To allow mounting of local (non-removable) filesystems, you </para>
will need to install one. </simplesect>
<simplesect>
Installing <emphasis>polkit_gnome</emphasis>, a rebuild, logout and <title>Troubleshooting</title>
login did the trick. <para>
</para> Even after enabling udisks2, volume management might not work. Thunar and/or
the desktop takes time to show up. Thunar will spit out this kind of message
</simplesect> on start (look at <command>journalctl --user -b</command>).
<programlisting>
<simplesect>
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
<para>
Even after enabling udisks2, volume management might not work.
Thunar and/or the desktop takes time to show up.
Thunar will spit out this kind of message on start
(look at <command>journalctl --user -b</command>).
<programlisting>
Thunar:2410): GVFS-RemoteVolumeMonitor-WARNING **: remote volume monitor with dbus name org.gtk.Private.UDisks2VolumeMonitor is not supported Thunar:2410): GVFS-RemoteVolumeMonitor-WARNING **: remote volume monitor with dbus name org.gtk.Private.UDisks2VolumeMonitor is not supported
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This is caused by some needed GNOME services not running. This is all fixed
This is caused by some needed GNOME services not running. by enabling "Launch GNOME services on startup" in the Advanced tab of the
This is all fixed by enabling "Launch GNOME services on startup" in Session and Startup settings panel. Alternatively, you can run this command
the Advanced tab of the Session and Startup settings panel. to do the same thing.
Alternatively, you can run this command to do the same thing. <programlisting>
<programlisting>
$ xfconf-query -c xfce4-session -p /compat/LaunchGNOME -s true $ xfconf-query -c xfce4-session -p /compat/LaunchGNOME -s true
</programlisting> </programlisting>
A log-out and re-log will be needed for this to take effect. A log-out and re-log will be needed for this to take effect.
</para> </para>
</simplesect>
</simplesect>
</chapter> </chapter>

64
nixos/doc/manual/development/assertions.xml
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@ -3,30 +3,29 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-assertions"> xml:id="sec-assertions">
<title>Warnings and Assertions</title>
<title>Warnings and Assertions</title> <para>
When configuration problems are detectable in a module, it is a good idea to
write an assertion or warning. Doing so provides clear feedback to the user
and prevents errors after the build.
</para>
<para> <para>
When configuration problems are detectable in a module, it is a good
idea to write an assertion or warning. Doing so provides clear
feedback to the user and prevents errors after the build.
</para>
<para>
Although Nix has the <literal>abort</literal> and Although Nix has the <literal>abort</literal> and
<literal>builtins.trace</literal> <link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-builtins">functions</link> to perform such tasks, <literal>builtins.trace</literal>
they are not ideally suited for NixOS modules. Instead of these <link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-builtins">functions</link>
functions, you can declare your warnings and assertions using the to perform such tasks, they are not ideally suited for NixOS modules. Instead
of these functions, you can declare your warnings and assertions using the
NixOS module system. NixOS module system.
</para> </para>
<section> <section>
<title>Warnings</title>
<title>Warnings</title> <para>
This is an example of using <literal>warnings</literal>.
<para> </para>
This is an example of using <literal>warnings</literal>.
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<![CDATA[ <![CDATA[
@ -43,22 +42,19 @@
} }
]]> ]]>
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</section>
</section> <section>
<title>Assertions</title>
<section> <para>
This example, extracted from the
<title>Assertions</title> <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/release-17.09/nixos/modules/services/logging/syslogd.nix">
<literal>syslogd</literal> module </link> shows how to use
<literal>assertions</literal>. Since there can only be one active syslog
<para> daemon at a time, an assertion is useful to prevent such a broken system
This example, extracted from the from being built.
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/release-17.09/nixos/modules/services/logging/syslogd.nix"> </para>
<literal>syslogd</literal> module
</link> shows how to use <literal>assertions</literal>. Since there
can only be one active syslog daemon at a time, an assertion is useful to
prevent such a broken system from being built.
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<![CDATA[ <![CDATA[
@ -74,7 +70,5 @@
} }
]]> ]]>
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</section>
</section>
</section> </section>

35
nixos/doc/manual/development/building-nixos.xml
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@ -3,30 +3,25 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-building-cd"> xml:id="sec-building-cd">
<title>Building Your Own NixOS CD</title>
<title>Building Your Own NixOS CD</title> <para>
Building a NixOS CD is as easy as configuring your own computer. The idea is
<para>Building a NixOS CD is as easy as configuring your own computer. The to use another module which will replace your
idea is to use another module which will replace <filename>configuration.nix</filename> to configure the system that would be
your <filename>configuration.nix</filename> to configure the system that installed on the CD.
would be installed on the CD.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>Default CD/DVD configurations are available Default CD/DVD configurations are available inside
inside <filename>nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd</filename>. <filename>nixos/modules/installer/cd-dvd</filename>.
<screen> <screen>
$ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git $ git clone https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
$ cd nixpkgs/nixos $ cd nixpkgs/nixos
$ nix-build -A config.system.build.isoImage -I nixos-config=modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix default.nix</screen> $ nix-build -A config.system.build.isoImage -I nixos-config=modules/installer/cd-dvd/installation-cd-minimal.nix default.nix</screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
Before burning your CD/DVD, you can check the content of the image by
<para>Before burning your CD/DVD, you can check the content of the image by mounting anywhere like mounting anywhere like suggested by the following command:
suggested by the following command:
<screen> <screen>
# mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./result/iso/cd.iso /mnt/iso</screen> # mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./result/iso/cd.iso /mnt/iso</screen>
</para>
</para>
</chapter> </chapter>

157
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@ -3,111 +3,110 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-building-parts"> xml:id="sec-building-parts">
<title>Building Specific Parts of NixOS</title>
<title>Building Specific Parts of NixOS</title> <para>
With the command <command>nix-build</command>, you can build specific parts
<para>With the command <command>nix-build</command>, you can build of your NixOS configuration. This is done as follows:
specific parts of your NixOS configuration. This is done as follows:
<screen> <screen>
$ cd <replaceable>/path/to/nixpkgs/nixos</replaceable> $ cd <replaceable>/path/to/nixpkgs/nixos</replaceable>
$ nix-build -A config.<replaceable>option</replaceable></screen> $ nix-build -A config.<replaceable>option</replaceable></screen>
where <replaceable>option</replaceable> is a NixOS option with type
where <replaceable>option</replaceable> is a NixOS option with type “derivation” (i.e. something that can be built). Attributes of interest
“derivation” (i.e. something that can be built). Attributes of include:
interest include: <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term><varname>system.build.toplevel</varname>
</term>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>system.build.toplevel</varname></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The top-level option that builds the entire NixOS system. <para>
Everything else in your configuration is indirectly pulled in by The top-level option that builds the entire NixOS system. Everything else
this option. This is what <command>nixos-rebuild</command> in your configuration is indirectly pulled in by this option. This is
builds and what <filename>/run/current-system</filename> points what <command>nixos-rebuild</command> builds and what
to afterwards.</para> <filename>/run/current-system</filename> points to afterwards.
</para>
<para>A shortcut to build this is: <para>
A shortcut to build this is:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build -A system</screen> $ nix-build -A system</screen>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><varname>system.build.manual.manual</varname>
<term><varname>system.build.manual.manual</varname></term> </term>
<listitem><para>The NixOS manual.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>system.build.etc</varname></term>
<listitem><para>A tree of symlinks that form the static parts of
<filename>/etc</filename>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>system.build.initialRamdisk</varname></term>
<term><varname>system.build.kernel</varname></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The initial ramdisk and kernel of the system. This allows <para>
a quick way to test whether the kernel and the initial ramdisk The NixOS manual.
boot correctly, by using QEMU’s <option>-kernel</option> and </para>
<option>-initrd</option> options: </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>system.build.etc</varname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
A tree of symlinks that form the static parts of
<filename>/etc</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>system.build.initialRamdisk</varname>
</term>
<term><varname>system.build.kernel</varname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
The initial ramdisk and kernel of the system. This allows a quick way to
test whether the kernel and the initial ramdisk boot correctly, by using
QEMU’s <option>-kernel</option> and <option>-initrd</option> options:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build -A config.system.build.initialRamdisk -o initrd $ nix-build -A config.system.build.initialRamdisk -o initrd
$ nix-build -A config.system.build.kernel -o kernel $ nix-build -A config.system.build.kernel -o kernel
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel ./kernel/bzImage -initrd ./initrd/initrd -hda /dev/null $ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel ./kernel/bzImage -initrd ./initrd/initrd -hda /dev/null
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><varname>system.build.nixos-rebuild</varname>
<term><varname>system.build.nixos-rebuild</varname></term> </term>
<term><varname>system.build.nixos-install</varname></term> <term><varname>system.build.nixos-install</varname>
<term><varname>system.build.nixos-generate-config</varname></term> </term>
<term><varname>system.build.nixos-generate-config</varname>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>These build the corresponding NixOS commands.</para> <para>
These build the corresponding NixOS commands.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><varname>systemd.units.<replaceable>unit-name</replaceable>.unit</varname>
<term><varname>systemd.units.<replaceable>unit-name</replaceable>.unit</varname></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>This builds the unit with the specified name. Note that <para>
since unit names contain dots This builds the unit with the specified name. Note that since unit names
(e.g. <literal>httpd.service</literal>), you need to put them contain dots (e.g. <literal>httpd.service</literal>), you need to put
between quotes, like this: them between quotes, like this:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build -A 'config.systemd.units."httpd.service".unit' $ nix-build -A 'config.systemd.units."httpd.service".unit'
</screen> </screen>
You can also test individual units, without rebuilding the whole system,
You can also test individual units, without rebuilding the whole by putting them in <filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>:
system, by putting them in
<filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>:
<screen> <screen>
$ cp $(nix-build -A 'config.systemd.units."httpd.service".unit')/httpd.service \ $ cp $(nix-build -A 'config.systemd.units."httpd.service".unit')/httpd.service \
/run/systemd/system/tmp-httpd.service /run/systemd/system/tmp-httpd.service
# systemctl daemon-reload # systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start tmp-httpd.service # systemctl start tmp-httpd.service
</screen> </screen>
Note that the unit must not have the same name as any unit in Note that the unit must not have the same name as any unit in
<filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> since those take <filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> since those take precedence over
precedence over <filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>. <filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>. That’s why the unit is
That’s why the unit is installed as installed as <filename>tmp-httpd.service</filename> here.
<filename>tmp-httpd.service</filename> here.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</variablelist> </para>
</para>
</chapter> </chapter>

31
nixos/doc/manual/development/development.xml
View File

@ -3,21 +3,18 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-development"> xml:id="ch-development">
<title>Development</title>
<title>Development</title> <partintro>
<para>
<partintro> This chapter describes how you can modify and extend NixOS.
<para>This chapter describes how you can modify and extend </para>
NixOS.</para> </partintro>
</partintro> <xi:include href="sources.xml" />
<xi:include href="writing-modules.xml" />
<xi:include href="sources.xml" /> <xi:include href="building-parts.xml" />
<xi:include href="writing-modules.xml" /> <xi:include href="writing-documentation.xml" />
<xi:include href="building-parts.xml" /> <xi:include href="building-nixos.xml" />
<xi:include href="writing-documentation.xml" /> <xi:include href="nixos-tests.xml" />
<xi:include href="building-nixos.xml" /> <xi:include href="testing-installer.xml" />
<xi:include href="nixos-tests.xml" /> <xi:include href="releases.xml" />
<xi:include href="testing-installer.xml" />
<xi:include href="releases.xml" />
</part> </part>

23
nixos/doc/manual/development/importing-modules.xml
View File

@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-importing-modules"> xml:id="sec-importing-modules">
<title>Importing Modules</title>
<title>Importing Modules</title> <para>
Sometimes NixOS modules need to be used in configuration but exist outside of
<para> Nixpkgs. These modules can be imported:
Sometimes NixOS modules need to be used in configuration but exist </para>
outside of Nixpkgs. These modules can be imported:
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
@ -25,12 +24,11 @@
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<para> <para>
The environment variable <literal>NIXOS_EXTRA_MODULE_PATH</literal> is The environment variable <literal>NIXOS_EXTRA_MODULE_PATH</literal> is an
an absolute path to a NixOS module that is included alongside the absolute path to a NixOS module that is included alongside the Nixpkgs NixOS
Nixpkgs NixOS modules. Like any NixOS module, this module can import modules. Like any NixOS module, this module can import additional modules:
additional modules: </para>
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
# ./module-list/default.nix # ./module-list/default.nix
@ -55,5 +53,4 @@
services.exampleModule1.enable = true; services.exampleModule1.enable = true;
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</section> </section>

55
nixos/doc/manual/development/meta-attributes.xml
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@ -3,22 +3,26 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-meta-attributes"> xml:id="sec-meta-attributes">
<title>Meta Attributes</title>
<title>Meta Attributes</title> <para>
Like Nix packages, NixOS modules can declare meta-attributes to provide extra
<para>Like Nix packages, NixOS modules can declare meta-attributes to provide information. Module meta attributes are defined in the
extra information. Module meta attributes are defined in the
<filename <filename
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/misc/meta.nix">meta.nix</filename> xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/misc/meta.nix">meta.nix</filename>
special module.</para> special module.
</para>
<para><literal>meta</literal> is a top level attribute like <para>
<literal>meta</literal> is a top level attribute like
<literal>options</literal> and <literal>config</literal>. Available <literal>options</literal> and <literal>config</literal>. Available
meta-attributes are <literal>maintainers</literal> and meta-attributes are <literal>maintainers</literal> and
<literal>doc</literal>.</para> <literal>doc</literal>.
</para>
<para>Each of the meta-attributes must be defined at most once per module <para>
file.</para> Each of the meta-attributes must be defined at most once per module file.
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
@ -39,24 +43,21 @@
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<calloutlist> <calloutlist>
<callout arearefs='modules-meta-1'> <callout arearefs='modules-meta-1'>
<para> <para>
<varname>maintainers</varname> contains a list of the module maintainers. <varname>maintainers</varname> contains a list of the module maintainers.
</para> </para>
</callout> </callout>
<callout arearefs='modules-meta-2'>
<callout arearefs='modules-meta-2'> <para>
<para>
<varname>doc</varname> points to a valid DocBook file containing the module <varname>doc</varname> points to a valid DocBook file containing the module
documentation. Its contents is automatically added to <xref documentation. Its contents is automatically added to
linkend="ch-configuration"/>. <xref
Changes to a module documentation have to be checked to not break linkend="ch-configuration"/>. Changes to a module documentation
building the NixOS manual: have to be checked to not break building the NixOS manual:
</para> </para>
<programlisting>$ nix-build nixos/release.nix -A manual</programlisting> <programlisting>$ nix-build nixos/release.nix -A manual</programlisting>
</callout> </callout>
</calloutlist>
</calloutlist>
</section> </section>

25
nixos/doc/manual/development/nixos-tests.xml
View File

@ -3,18 +3,17 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-nixos-tests"> xml:id="sec-nixos-tests">
<title>NixOS Tests</title>
<title>NixOS Tests</title> <para>
When you add some feature to NixOS, you should write a test for it. NixOS
<para>When you add some feature to NixOS, you should write a test for tests are kept in the directory
it. NixOS tests are kept in the directory <filename <filename
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/tests">nixos/tests</filename>, xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/tests">nixos/tests</filename>,
and are executed (using Nix) by a testing framework that automatically and are executed (using Nix) by a testing framework that automatically starts
starts one or more virtual machines containing the NixOS system(s) one or more virtual machines containing the NixOS system(s) required for the
required for the test.</para> test.
</para>
<xi:include href="writing-nixos-tests.xml" /> <xi:include href="writing-nixos-tests.xml" />
<xi:include href="running-nixos-tests.xml" /> <xi:include href="running-nixos-tests.xml" />
<xi:include href="running-nixos-tests-interactively.xml" /> <xi:include href="running-nixos-tests-interactively.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

257
nixos/doc/manual/development/option-declarations.xml
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@ -3,14 +3,12 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-option-declarations"> xml:id="sec-option-declarations">
<title>Option Declarations</title>
<title>Option Declarations</title> <para>
An option declaration specifies the name, type and description of a NixOS
<para>An option declaration specifies the name, type and description configuration option. It is invalid to define an option that hasn’t been
of a NixOS configuration option. It is invalid to define an option declared in any module. An option declaration generally looks like this:
that hasn’t been declared in any module. An option declaration
generally looks like this:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
options = { options = {
<replaceable>name</replaceable> = mkOption { <replaceable>name</replaceable> = mkOption {
@ -21,146 +19,177 @@ options = {
}; };
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The attribute names within the <replaceable>name</replaceable> attribute path
The attribute names within the <replaceable>name</replaceable> must be camel cased in general but should, as an exception, match the
attribute path must be camel cased in general but should, as an <link
exception, match the
<link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-package-naming"> xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixpkgs/manual/#sec-package-naming">
package attribute name</link> when referencing a Nixpkgs package. For package attribute name</link> when referencing a Nixpkgs package. For
example, the option <varname>services.nix-serve.bindAddress</varname> example, the option <varname>services.nix-serve.bindAddress</varname>
references the <varname>nix-serve</varname> Nixpkgs package. references the <varname>nix-serve</varname> Nixpkgs package.
</para>
</para> <para>
The function <varname>mkOption</varname> accepts the following arguments.
<para>The function <varname>mkOption</varname> accepts the following arguments. <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term><varname>type</varname>
</term>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>type</varname></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The type of the option (see <xref linkend='sec-option-types' />). <para>
It may be omitted, but that’s not advisable since it may lead to errors The type of the option (see <xref linkend='sec-option-types' />). It may
that are hard to diagnose.</para> be omitted, but that’s not advisable since it may lead to errors that
are hard to diagnose.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><varname>default</varname>
<term><varname>default</varname></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The default value used if no value is defined by any <para>
module. A default is not required; but if a default is not given, The default value used if no value is defined by any module. A default is
then users of the module will have to define the value of the not required; but if a default is not given, then users of the module
option, otherwise an error will be thrown.</para> will have to define the value of the option, otherwise an error will be
thrown.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><varname>example</varname>
<term><varname>example</varname></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>An example value that will be shown in the NixOS manual.</para> <para>
An example value that will be shown in the NixOS manual.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><varname>description</varname>
<term><varname>description</varname></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>A textual description of the option, in DocBook format, <para>
that will be included in the NixOS manual.</para> A textual description of the option, in DocBook format, that will be
included in the NixOS manual.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</variablelist> <section xml:id="sec-option-declarations-eot">
<title>Extensible Option Types</title>
</para> <para>
Extensible option types is a feature that allow to extend certain types
<section xml:id="sec-option-declarations-eot"><title>Extensible Option declaration through multiple module files. This feature only work with a
Types</title> restricted set of types, namely <literal>enum</literal> and
<literal>submodules</literal> and any composed forms of them.
<para>Extensible option types is a feature that allow to extend certain types
declaration through multiple module files.
This feature only work with a restricted set of types, namely
<literal>enum</literal> and <literal>submodules</literal> and any composed
forms of them.</para>
<para>Extensible option types can be used for <literal>enum</literal> options
that affects multiple modules, or as an alternative to related
<literal>enable</literal> options.</para>
<para>As an example, we will take the case of display managers. There is a
central display manager module for generic display manager options and a
module file per display manager backend (slim, sddm, gdm ...).
</para> </para>
<para>There are two approach to this module structure: <para>
Extensible option types can be used for <literal>enum</literal> options that
<itemizedlist> affects multiple modules, or as an alternative to related
<listitem><para>Managing the display managers independently by adding an <literal>enable</literal> options.
enable option to every display manager module backend. (NixOS)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Managing the display managers in the central module by
adding an option to select which display manager backend to use.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para> </para>
<para>Both approaches have problems.</para> <para>
As an example, we will take the case of display managers. There is a central
display manager module for generic display manager options and a module file
per display manager backend (slim, sddm, gdm ...).
</para>
<para>Making backends independent can quickly become hard to manage. For <para>
display managers, there can be only one enabled at a time, but the type There are two approach to this module structure:
system can not enforce this restriction as there is no relation between <itemizedlist>
each backend <literal>enable</literal> option. As a result, this restriction <listitem>
has to be done explicitely by adding assertions in each display manager <para>
backend module.</para> Managing the display managers independently by adding an enable option to
every display manager module backend. (NixOS)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Managing the display managers in the central module by adding an option
to select which display manager backend to use.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>On the other hand, managing the display managers backends in the <para>
central module will require to change the central module option every time Both approaches have problems.
a new backend is added or removed.</para> </para>
<para>By using extensible option types, it is possible to create a placeholder <para>
option in the central module (<xref linkend='ex-option-declaration-eot-service' Making backends independent can quickly become hard to manage. For display
/>), and to extend it in each backend module (<xref managers, there can be only one enabled at a time, but the type system can
linkend='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-slim' />, <xref not enforce this restriction as there is no relation between each backend
linkend='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-sddm' />).</para> <literal>enable</literal> option. As a result, this restriction has to be
done explicitely by adding assertions in each display manager backend
module.
</para>
<para>As a result, <literal>displayManager.enable</literal> option values can <para>
be added without changing the main service module file and the type system On the other hand, managing the display managers backends in the central
automatically enforce that there can only be a single display manager module will require to change the central module option every time a new
enabled.</para> backend is added or removed.
</para>
<example xml:id='ex-option-declaration-eot-service'><title>Extensible type <para>
placeholder in the service module</title> By using extensible option types, it is possible to create a placeholder
option in the central module
(<xref linkend='ex-option-declaration-eot-service'
/>), and to extend
it in each backend module
(<xref
linkend='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-slim' />,
<xref
linkend='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-sddm' />).
</para>
<para>
As a result, <literal>displayManager.enable</literal> option values can be
added without changing the main service module file and the type system
automatically enforce that there can only be a single display manager
enabled.
</para>
<example xml:id='ex-option-declaration-eot-service'>
<title>Extensible type placeholder in the service module</title>
<screen> <screen>
services.xserver.displayManager.enable = mkOption { services.xserver.displayManager.enable = mkOption {
description = "Display manager to use"; description = "Display manager to use";
type = with types; nullOr (enum [ ]); type = with types; nullOr (enum [ ]);
};</screen></example> };</screen>
</example>
<example xml:id='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-slim'><title>Extending <example xml:id='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-slim'>
<literal>services.xserver.displayManager.enable</literal> in the <title>Extending <literal>services.xserver.displayManager.enable</literal> in the <literal>slim</literal> module</title>
<literal>slim</literal> module</title>
<screen> <screen>
services.xserver.displayManager.enable = mkOption { services.xserver.displayManager.enable = mkOption {
type = with types; nullOr (enum [ "slim" ]); type = with types; nullOr (enum [ "slim" ]);
};</screen></example> };</screen>
</example>
<example xml:id='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-sddm'><title>Extending <example xml:id='ex-option-declaration-eot-backend-sddm'>
<literal>services.xserver.displayManager.enable</literal> in the <title>Extending <literal>services.xserver.displayManager.enable</literal> in the <literal>sddm</literal> module</title>
<literal>sddm</literal> module</title>
<screen> <screen>
services.xserver.displayManager.enable = mkOption { services.xserver.displayManager.enable = mkOption {
type = with types; nullOr (enum [ "sddm" ]); type = with types; nullOr (enum [ "sddm" ]);
};</screen></example> };</screen>
</example>
<para>The placeholder declaration is a standard <literal>mkOption</literal> <para>
declaration, but it is important that extensible option declarations only use The placeholder declaration is a standard <literal>mkOption</literal>
the <literal>type</literal> argument.</para> declaration, but it is important that extensible option declarations only
use the <literal>type</literal> argument.
<para>Extensible option types work with any of the composed variants of </para>
<literal>enum</literal> such as
<literal>with types; nullOr (enum [ "foo" "bar" ])</literal>
or <literal>with types; listOf (enum [ "foo" "bar" ])</literal>.</para>
</section> <para>
Extensible option types work with any of the composed variants of
<literal>enum</literal> such as <literal>with types; nullOr (enum [ "foo"
"bar" ])</literal> or <literal>with types; listOf (enum [ "foo" "bar"
])</literal>.
</para>
</section>
</section> </section>

105
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@ -3,39 +3,36 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-option-definitions"> xml:id="sec-option-definitions">
<title>Option Definitions</title>
<title>Option Definitions</title> <para>
Option definitions are generally straight-forward bindings of values to
<para>Option definitions are generally straight-forward bindings of values to option names, like option names, like
<programlisting> <programlisting>
config = { config = {
services.httpd.enable = true; services.httpd.enable = true;
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
However, sometimes you need to wrap an option definition or set of option
definitions in a <emphasis>property</emphasis> to achieve certain effects:
</para>
However, sometimes you need to wrap an option definition or set of <simplesect>
option definitions in a <emphasis>property</emphasis> to achieve <title>Delaying Conditionals</title>
certain effects:</para> <para>
If a set of option definitions is conditional on the value of another
<simplesect><title>Delaying Conditionals</title> option, you may need to use <varname>mkIf</varname>. Consider, for instance:
<para>If a set of option definitions is conditional on the value of
another option, you may need to use <varname>mkIf</varname>.
Consider, for instance:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
config = if config.services.httpd.enable then { config = if config.services.httpd.enable then {
environment.systemPackages = [ <replaceable>...</replaceable> ]; environment.systemPackages = [ <replaceable>...</replaceable> ];
<replaceable>...</replaceable> <replaceable>...</replaceable>
} else {}; } else {};
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This definition will cause Nix to fail with an “infinite recursion”
This definition will cause Nix to fail with an “infinite recursion” error. Why? Because the value of
error. Why? Because the value of <option>config.services.httpd.enable</option> depends on the value being
<option>config.services.httpd.enable</option> depends on the value constructed here. After all, you could also write the clearly circular and
being constructed here. After all, you could also write the clearly contradictory:
circular and contradictory:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
config = if config.services.httpd.enable then { config = if config.services.httpd.enable then {
services.httpd.enable = false; services.httpd.enable = false;
@ -43,56 +40,49 @@ config = if config.services.httpd.enable then {
services.httpd.enable = true; services.httpd.enable = true;
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The solution is to write:
The solution is to write:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
config = mkIf config.services.httpd.enable { config = mkIf config.services.httpd.enable {
environment.systemPackages = [ <replaceable>...</replaceable> ]; environment.systemPackages = [ <replaceable>...</replaceable> ];
<replaceable>...</replaceable> <replaceable>...</replaceable>
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The special function <varname>mkIf</varname> causes the evaluation of the
The special function <varname>mkIf</varname> causes the evaluation of conditional to be “pushed down” into the individual definitions, as if
the conditional to be “pushed down” into the individual definitions, you had written:
as if you had written:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
config = { config = {
environment.systemPackages = if config.services.httpd.enable then [ <replaceable>...</replaceable> ] else []; environment.systemPackages = if config.services.httpd.enable then [ <replaceable>...</replaceable> ] else [];
<replaceable>...</replaceable> <replaceable>...</replaceable>
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</simplesect>
</para> <simplesect>
<title>Setting Priorities</title>
</simplesect> <para>
A module can override the definitions of an option in other modules by
<simplesect><title>Setting Priorities</title> setting a <emphasis>priority</emphasis>. All option definitions that do not
have the lowest priority value are discarded. By default, option definitions
<para>A module can override the definitions of an option in other have priority 1000. You can specify an explicit priority by using
modules by setting a <emphasis>priority</emphasis>. All option <varname>mkOverride</varname>, e.g.
definitions that do not have the lowest priority value are discarded.
By default, option definitions have priority 1000. You can specify an
explicit priority by using <varname>mkOverride</varname>, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
services.openssh.enable = mkOverride 10 false; services.openssh.enable = mkOverride 10 false;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This definition causes all other definitions with priorities above 10 to be
discarded. The function <varname>mkForce</varname> is equal to
<varname>mkOverride 50</varname>.
</para>
</simplesect>
This definition causes all other definitions with priorities above 10 <simplesect>
to be discarded. The function <varname>mkForce</varname> is <title>Merging Configurations</title>
equal to <varname>mkOverride 50</varname>.</para> <para>
In conjunction with <literal>mkIf</literal>, it is sometimes useful for a
</simplesect> module to return multiple sets of option definitions, to be merged together
as if they were declared in separate modules. This can be done using
<simplesect><title>Merging Configurations</title> <varname>mkMerge</varname>:
<para>In conjunction with <literal>mkIf</literal>, it is sometimes
useful for a module to return multiple sets of option definitions, to
be merged together as if they were declared in separate modules. This
can be done using <varname>mkMerge</varname>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
config = mkMerge config = mkMerge
[ # Unconditional stuff. [ # Unconditional stuff.
@ -104,9 +94,6 @@ config = mkMerge
}) })
]; ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> </simplesect>
</section>
</simplesect>
</section>

1007
nixos/doc/manual/development/option-types.xml
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448
nixos/doc/manual/development/releases.xml
View File

@ -3,252 +3,258 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-releases"> xml:id="ch-releases">
<title>Releases</title>
<title>Releases</title> <section xml:id="release-process">
<section xml:id="release-process">
<title>Release process</title> <title>Release process</title>
<para> <para>
Going through an example of releasing NixOS 17.09: Going through an example of releasing NixOS 17.09:
</para> </para>
<section xml:id="one-month-before-the-beta"> <section xml:id="one-month-before-the-beta">
<title>One month before the beta</title> <title>One month before the beta</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Send an email to the nix-devel mailinglist as a warning about upcoming beta "feature freeze" in a month.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Discuss with Eelco Dolstra and the community (via IRC, ML) about what will reach the deadline.
Any issue or Pull Request targeting the release should be included in the release milestone.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="at-beta-release-time">
<title>At beta release time</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/13559">Create
an issue for tracking Zero Hydra Failures progress. ZHF is an effort
to get build failures down to zero.</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>git tag -a -s -m &quot;Release 17.09-beta&quot; 17.09-beta &amp;&amp; git push --tags</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
From the master branch run <literal>git checkout -B release-17.09</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-org-configurations/pull/18">
Make sure a channel is created at http://nixos.org/channels/.
</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/settings/branches">
Let a GitHub nixpkgs admin lock the branch on github for you.
(so developers can’t force push)
</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/compare/bdf161ed8d21...6b63c4616790">
Bump the <literal>system.defaultChannel</literal> attribute in
<literal>nixos/modules/misc/version.nix</literal>
</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/d6b08acd1ccac0d9d502c4b635e00b04d3387f06">
Update <literal>versionSuffix</literal> in
<literal>nixos/release.nix</literal></link>, use
<literal>git log --format=%an|wc -l</literal> to get the commit
count
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>echo -n &quot;18.03&quot; &gt; .version</literal> on
master.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/b8a4095003e27659092892a4708bb3698231a842">
Pick a new name for the unstable branch.
</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Create a new release notes file for the upcoming release + 1, in this
case <literal>rl-1803.xml</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Create two Hydra jobsets: release-17.09 and release-17.09-small with <literal>stableBranch</literal> set to false.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Edit changelog at
<literal>nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1709.xml</literal>
(double check desktop versions are noted)
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Get all new NixOS modules
<literal>git diff release-17.03..release-17.09 nixos/modules/module-list.nix|grep ^+</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Note systemd, kernel, glibc and Nix upgrades.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="during-beta">
<title>During Beta</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Monitor the master branch for bugfixes and minor updates
and cherry-pick them to the release branch.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="before-the-final-release">
<title>Before the final release</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Re-check that the release notes are complete.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Release Nix (currently only Eelco Dolstra can do that).
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/53710c752a85f00658882531bc90a23a3d1287e4">
Make sure fallback is updated.
</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/40fd9ae3ac8048758abdcfc7d28a78b5f22fe97e">
Update README.md with new stable NixOS version information.
</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change <literal>stableBranch</literal> to true and wait for channel to update.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="at-final-release-time">
<title>At final release time</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>git tag -s -a -m &quot;Release 15.09&quot; 15.09</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Update http://nixos.org/nixos/download.html and http://nixos.org/nixos/manual in https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-org-configurations
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Get number of commits for the release:
<literal>git log release-14.04..release-14.12 --format=%an|wc -l</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Commits by contributor:
<literal>git log release-14.04..release-14.12 --format=%an|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Send an email to nix-dev to announce the release with above information. Best to check how previous email was formulated
to see what needs to be included.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section xml:id="release-schedule"> <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Send an email to the nix-devel mailinglist as a warning about upcoming
beta "feature freeze" in a month.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Discuss with Eelco Dolstra and the community (via IRC, ML) about what
will reach the deadline. Any issue or Pull Request targeting the release
should be included in the release milestone.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="at-beta-release-time">
<title>At beta release time</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/13559">Create
an issue for tracking Zero Hydra Failures progress. ZHF is an effort to
get build failures down to zero.</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>git tag -a -s -m &quot;Release 17.09-beta&quot; 17.09-beta
&amp;&amp; git push --tags</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
From the master branch run <literal>git checkout -B
release-17.09</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-org-configurations/pull/18">
Make sure a channel is created at http://nixos.org/channels/. </link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/settings/branches">
Let a GitHub nixpkgs admin lock the branch on github for you. (so
developers can’t force push) </link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/compare/bdf161ed8d21...6b63c4616790">
Bump the <literal>system.defaultChannel</literal> attribute in
<literal>nixos/modules/misc/version.nix</literal> </link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/d6b08acd1ccac0d9d502c4b635e00b04d3387f06">
Update <literal>versionSuffix</literal> in
<literal>nixos/release.nix</literal></link>, use <literal>git log
--format=%an|wc -l</literal> to get the commit count
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>echo -n &quot;18.03&quot; &gt; .version</literal> on master.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/b8a4095003e27659092892a4708bb3698231a842">
Pick a new name for the unstable branch. </link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Create a new release notes file for the upcoming release + 1, in this
case <literal>rl-1803.xml</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Create two Hydra jobsets: release-17.09 and release-17.09-small with
<literal>stableBranch</literal> set to false.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Edit changelog at
<literal>nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1709.xml</literal> (double
check desktop versions are noted)
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Get all new NixOS modules <literal>git diff
release-17.03..release-17.09 nixos/modules/module-list.nix|grep
^+</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Note systemd, kernel, glibc and Nix upgrades.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="during-beta">
<title>During Beta</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Monitor the master branch for bugfixes and minor updates and cherry-pick
them to the release branch.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="before-the-final-release">
<title>Before the final release</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
Re-check that the release notes are complete.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Release Nix (currently only Eelco Dolstra can do that).
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/53710c752a85f00658882531bc90a23a3d1287e4">
Make sure fallback is updated. </link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/40fd9ae3ac8048758abdcfc7d28a78b5f22fe97e">
Update README.md with new stable NixOS version information. </link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Change <literal>stableBranch</literal> to true and wait for channel to
update.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xml:id="at-final-release-time">
<title>At final release time</title>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>git tag -s -a -m &quot;Release 15.09&quot; 15.09</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Update http://nixos.org/nixos/download.html and
http://nixos.org/nixos/manual in
https://github.com/NixOS/nixos-org-configurations
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Get number of commits for the release: <literal>git log
release-14.04..release-14.12 --format=%an|wc -l</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Commits by contributor: <literal>git log release-14.04..release-14.12
--format=%an|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Send an email to nix-dev to announce the release with above information.
Best to check how previous email was formulated to see what needs to be
included.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section xml:id="release-schedule">
<title>Release schedule</title> <title>Release schedule</title>
<informaltable> <informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2"> <tgroup cols="2">
<colspec align="left" /> <colspec align="left" />
<colspec align="left" /> <colspec align="left" />
<thead> <thead>
<row> <row>
<entry> <entry>
Date Date
</entry> </entry>
<entry> <entry>
Event Event
</entry> </entry>
</row> </row>
</thead> </thead>
<tbody> <tbody>
<row> <row>
<entry> <entry>
2016-07-25 2016-07-25
</entry> </entry>
<entry> <entry>
Send email to nix-dev about upcoming branch-off Send email to nix-dev about upcoming branch-off
</entry> </entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry> <entry>
2016-09-01 2016-09-01
</entry> </entry>
<entry> <entry><literal>release-16.09</literal> branch and corresponding jobsets are created,
<literal>release-16.09</literal> branch and corresponding jobsets are created,
change freeze change freeze
</entry> </entry>
</row> </row>
<row> <row>
<entry> <entry>
2016-09-30 2016-09-30
</entry> </entry>
<entry> <entry>
NixOS 16.09 released NixOS 16.09 released
</entry> </entry>
</row> </row>
</tbody> </tbody>
</tgroup> </tgroup>
</informaltable> </informaltable>
</section> </section>
</chapter> </chapter>

48
nixos/doc/manual/development/replace-modules.xml
View File

@ -3,27 +3,31 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-replace-modules"> xml:id="sec-replace-modules">
<title>Replace Modules</title>
<title>Replace Modules</title> <para>
Modules that are imported can also be disabled. The option declarations and
config implementation of a disabled module will be ignored, allowing another
to take it's place. This can be used to import a set of modules from another
channel while keeping the rest of the system on a stable release.
</para>
<para>Modules that are imported can also be disabled. The option <para>
declarations and config implementation of a disabled module will be <literal>disabledModules</literal> is a top level attribute like
ignored, allowing another to take it's place. This can be used to
import a set of modules from another channel while keeping the rest
of the system on a stable release.</para>
<para><literal>disabledModules</literal> is a top level attribute like
<literal>imports</literal>, <literal>options</literal> and <literal>imports</literal>, <literal>options</literal> and
<literal>config</literal>. It contains a list of modules that will <literal>config</literal>. It contains a list of modules that will be
be disabled. This can either be the full path to the module or a disabled. This can either be the full path to the module or a string with the
string with the filename relative to the modules path filename relative to the modules path (eg. &lt;nixpkgs/nixos/modules&gt; for
(eg. &lt;nixpkgs/nixos/modules&gt; for nixos). nixos).
</para> </para>
<para>This example will replace the existing postgresql module with <para>
the version defined in the nixos-unstable channel while keeping the This example will replace the existing postgresql module with the version
rest of the modules and packages from the original nixos channel. defined in the nixos-unstable channel while keeping the rest of the modules
This only overrides the module definition, this won't use postgresql and packages from the original nixos channel. This only overrides the module
from nixos-unstable unless explicitly configured to do so.</para> definition, this won't use postgresql from nixos-unstable unless explicitly
configured to do so.
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
@ -41,10 +45,11 @@
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<para>This example shows how to define a custom module as a <para>
replacement for an existing module. Importing this module will This example shows how to define a custom module as a replacement for an
disable the original module without having to know it's existing module. Importing this module will disable the original module
implementation details.</para> without having to know it's implementation details.
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
@ -71,5 +76,4 @@ in
}; };
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</section> </section>

37
nixos/doc/manual/development/running-nixos-tests-interactively.xml
View File

@ -3,41 +3,38 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-running-nixos-tests"> xml:id="sec-running-nixos-tests">
<title>Running Tests interactively</title> <title>Running Tests interactively</title>
<para>The test itself can be run interactively. This is
particularly useful when developing or debugging a test:
<para>
The test itself can be run interactively. This is particularly useful when
developing or debugging a test:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build nixos/tests/login.nix -A driver $ nix-build nixos/tests/login.nix -A driver
$ ./result/bin/nixos-test-driver $ ./result/bin/nixos-test-driver
starting VDE switch for network 1 starting VDE switch for network 1
&gt; &gt;
</screen> </screen>
You can then take any Perl statement, e.g.
You can then take any Perl statement, e.g.
<screen> <screen>
&gt; startAll &gt; startAll
&gt; testScript &gt; testScript
&gt; $machine->succeed("touch /tmp/foo") &gt; $machine->succeed("touch /tmp/foo")
</screen> </screen>
The function <command>testScript</command> executes the entire test script
and drops you back into the test driver command line upon its completion.
This allows you to inspect the state of the VMs after the test (e.g. to debug
the test script).
</para>
The function <command>testScript</command> executes the entire test <para>
script and drops you back into the test driver command line upon its To just start and experiment with the VMs, run:
completion. This allows you to inspect the state of the VMs after the
test (e.g. to debug the test script).</para>
<para>To just start and experiment with the VMs, run:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build nixos/tests/login.nix -A driver $ nix-build nixos/tests/login.nix -A driver
$ ./result/bin/nixos-run-vms $ ./result/bin/nixos-run-vms
</screen> </screen>
The script <command>nixos-run-vms</command> starts the virtual machines
The script <command>nixos-run-vms</command> starts the virtual defined by test. The root file system of the VMs is created on the fly and
machines defined by test. The root file system of the VMs is created kept across VM restarts in
on the fly and kept across VM restarts in <filename>./</filename><varname>hostname</varname><filename>.qcow2</filename>.
<filename>./</filename><varname>hostname</varname><filename>.qcow2</filename>.</para> </para>
</section> </section>

31
nixos/doc/manual/development/running-nixos-tests.xml
View File

@ -3,20 +3,18 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-running-nixos-tests-interactively"> xml:id="sec-running-nixos-tests-interactively">
<title>Running Tests</title>
<title>Running Tests</title> <para>
You can run tests using <command>nix-build</command>. For example, to run the
<para>You can run tests using <command>nix-build</command>. For test
example, to run the test <filename <filename
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/login.nix">login.nix</filename>, xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/login.nix">login.nix</filename>,
you just do: you just do:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos/tests/login.nix>' $ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos/tests/login.nix>'
</screen> </screen>
or, if you don’t want to rely on <envar>NIX_PATH</envar>:
or, if you don’t want to rely on <envar>NIX_PATH</envar>:
<screen> <screen>
$ cd /my/nixpkgs/nixos/tests $ cd /my/nixpkgs/nixos/tests
$ nix-build login.nix $ nix-build login.nix
@ -26,16 +24,13 @@ machine: QEMU running (pid 8841)
… …
6 out of 6 tests succeeded 6 out of 6 tests succeeded
</screen> </screen>
After building/downloading all required dependencies, this will perform a
After building/downloading all required dependencies, this will build that starts a QEMU/KVM virtual machine containing a NixOS system. The
perform a build that starts a QEMU/KVM virtual machine containing a virtual machine mounts the Nix store of the host; this makes VM creation very
NixOS system. The virtual machine mounts the Nix store of the host; fast, as no disk image needs to be created. Afterwards, you can view a
this makes VM creation very fast, as no disk image needs to be pretty-printed log of the test:
created. Afterwards, you can view a pretty-printed log of the test:
<screen> <screen>
$ firefox result/log.html $ firefox result/log.html
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</section> </section>

113
nixos/doc/manual/development/sources.xml
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@ -3,101 +3,84 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-getting-sources"> xml:id="sec-getting-sources">
<title>Getting the Sources</title>
<title>Getting the Sources</title> <para>
By default, NixOS’s <command>nixos-rebuild</command> command uses the NixOS
<para>By default, NixOS’s <command>nixos-rebuild</command> command and Nixpkgs sources provided by the <literal>nixos</literal> channel (kept in
uses the NixOS and Nixpkgs sources provided by the <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos</filename>). To
<literal>nixos</literal> channel (kept in modify NixOS, however, you should check out the latest sources from Git. This
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos</filename>). is as follows:
To modify NixOS, however, you should check out the latest sources from
Git. This is as follows:
<screen> <screen>
$ git clone git://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git $ git clone git://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs.git
$ cd nixpkgs $ cd nixpkgs
$ git remote add channels git://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-channels.git $ git remote add channels git://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs-channels.git
$ git remote update channels $ git remote update channels
</screen> </screen>
This will check out the latest Nixpkgs sources to
This will check out the latest Nixpkgs sources to <filename>./nixpkgs</filename> the NixOS sources to
<filename>./nixpkgs</filename> the NixOS sources to <filename>./nixpkgs/nixos</filename>. (The NixOS source tree lives in a
<filename>./nixpkgs/nixos</filename>. (The NixOS source tree lives in subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.) The remote
a subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.) The remote <literal>channels</literal> refers to a read-only repository that tracks the
<literal>channels</literal> refers to a read-only repository that Nixpkgs/NixOS channels (see <xref linkend="sec-upgrading"/> for more
tracks the Nixpkgs/NixOS channels (see <xref linkend="sec-upgrading"/> information about channels). Thus, the Git branch
for more information about channels). Thus, the Git branch <literal>channels/nixos-17.03</literal> will contain the latest built and
<literal>channels/nixos-17.03</literal> will contain the latest built tested version available in the <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> channel.
and tested version available in the <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> </para>
channel.</para> <para>
It’s often inconvenient to develop directly on the master branch, since if
<para>It’s often inconvenient to develop directly on the master somebody has just committed (say) a change to GCC, then the binary cache may
branch, since if somebody has just committed (say) a change to GCC, not have caught up yet and you’ll have to rebuild everything from source.
then the binary cache may not have caught up yet and you’ll have to So you may want to create a local branch based on your current NixOS version:
rebuild everything from source. So you may want to create a local
branch based on your current NixOS version:
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-version $ nixos-version
17.09pre104379.6e0b727 (Hummingbird) 17.09pre104379.6e0b727 (Hummingbird)
$ git checkout -b local 6e0b727 $ git checkout -b local 6e0b727
</screen> </screen>
Or, to base your local branch on the latest version available in a NixOS
Or, to base your local branch on the latest version available in a channel:
NixOS channel:
<screen> <screen>
$ git remote update channels $ git remote update channels
$ git checkout -b local channels/nixos-17.03 $ git checkout -b local channels/nixos-17.03
</screen> </screen>
(Replace <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> with the name of the channel you want
(Replace <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> with the name of the channel to use.) You can use <command>git merge</command> or <command>git
you want to use.) You can use <command>git merge</command> or rebase</command> to keep your local branch in sync with the channel, e.g.
<command>git rebase</command> to keep your local branch in sync with
the channel, e.g.
<screen> <screen>
$ git remote update channels $ git remote update channels
$ git merge channels/nixos-17.03 $ git merge channels/nixos-17.03
</screen> </screen>
You can use <command>git cherry-pick</command> to copy commits from your
You can use <command>git cherry-pick</command> to copy commits from local branch to the upstream branch.
your local branch to the upstream branch.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>If you want to rebuild your system using your (modified) If you want to rebuild your system using your (modified) sources, you need to
sources, you need to tell <command>nixos-rebuild</command> about them tell <command>nixos-rebuild</command> about them using the
using the <option>-I</option> flag: <option>-I</option> flag:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs # nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
If you want <command>nix-env</command> to use the expressions in
<para>If you want <command>nix-env</command> to use the expressions in <replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>, use <command>nix-env -f
<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>, use <command>nix-env -f <replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs</command>, or change the
<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs</command>, or change default by adding a symlink in <filename>~/.nix-defexpr</filename>:
the default by adding a symlink in
<filename>~/.nix-defexpr</filename>:
<screen> <screen>
$ ln -s <replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs ~/.nix-defexpr/nixpkgs $ ln -s <replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs ~/.nix-defexpr/nixpkgs
</screen> </screen>
You may want to delete the symlink
You may want to delete the symlink <filename>~/.nix-defexpr/channels_root</filename> to prevent root’s NixOS
<filename>~/.nix-defexpr/channels_root</filename> to prevent root’s channel from clashing with your own tree (this may break the
NixOS channel from clashing with your own tree (this may break the command-not-found utility though). If you want to go back to the default
command-not-found utility though). If you want to go back to the default state, you may just remove the <filename>~/.nix-defexpr</filename> directory
state, you may just remove the <filename>~/.nix-defexpr</filename> completely, log out and log in again and it should have been recreated with a
directory completely, log out and log in again and it should have been link to the root channels.
recreated with a link to the root channels.</para> </para>
<!-- FIXME: not sure what this means. <!-- FIXME: not sure what this means.
<para>You should not pass the base directory <para>You should not pass the base directory
<filename><replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable></filename> <filename><replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable></filename>
to <command>nix-env</command>, as it will break after interpreting expressions to <command>nix-env</command>, as it will break after interpreting expressions
in <filename>nixos/</filename> as packages.</para> in <filename>nixos/</filename> as packages.</para>
--> -->
</chapter> </chapter>

21
nixos/doc/manual/development/testing-installer.xml
View File

@ -3,27 +3,20 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-testing-installer"> xml:id="ch-testing-installer">
<title>Testing the Installer</title>
<title>Testing the Installer</title> <para>
Building, burning, and booting from an installation CD is rather tedious, so
<para>Building, burning, and booting from an installation CD is rather here is a quick way to see if the installer works properly:
tedious, so here is a quick way to see if the installer works
properly:
<screen> <screen>
# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt # mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt # nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
$ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos>' -A config.system.build.nixos-install $ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos>' -A config.system.build.nixos-install
# ./result/bin/nixos-install</screen> # ./result/bin/nixos-install</screen>
To start a login shell in the new NixOS installation in
To start a login shell in the new NixOS installation in <filename>/mnt</filename>:
<filename>/mnt</filename>:
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos>' -A config.system.build.nixos-enter $ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos>' -A config.system.build.nixos-enter
# ./result/bin/nixos-enter # ./result/bin/nixos-enter
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</chapter> </chapter>

252
nixos/doc/manual/development/writing-documentation.xml
View File

@ -3,157 +3,147 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-writing-documentation"> xml:id="sec-writing-documentation">
<title>Writing NixOS Documentation</title>
<para>
As NixOS grows, so too does the need for a catalogue and explanation of its
extensive functionality. Collecting pertinent information from disparate
sources and presenting it in an accessible style would be a worthy
contribution to the project.
</para>
<section>
<title>Building the Manual</title>
<title>Writing NixOS Documentation</title> <para>
The DocBook sources of the <xref linkend="book-nixos-manual"/> are in the
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/doc/manual"><filename>nixos/doc/manual</filename></link>
subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.
</para>
<para> <para>
As NixOS grows, so too does the need for a catalogue and explanation You can quickly validate your edits with <command>make</command>:
of its extensive functionality. Collecting pertinent information </para>
from disparate sources and presenting it in an accessible style
would be a worthy contribution to the project.
</para>
<section>
<title>Building the Manual</title>
<para>
The DocBook sources of the <xref linkend="book-nixos-manual"/> are in the
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/doc/manual"><filename>nixos/doc/manual</filename></link>
subdirectory of the Nixpkgs repository.
</para>
<para>
You can quickly validate your edits with <command>make</command>:
</para>
<screen> <screen>
$ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/nixos/doc/manual $ cd /path/to/nixpkgs/nixos/doc/manual
$ make $ make
</screen> </screen>
<para> <para>
Once you are done making modifications to the manual, it's important Once you are done making modifications to the manual, it's important to
to build it before committing. You can do that as follows: build it before committing. You can do that as follows:
</para> </para>
<screen>nix-build nixos/release.nix -A manual.x86_64-linux</screen> <screen>nix-build nixos/release.nix -A manual.x86_64-linux</screen>
<para> <para>
When this command successfully finishes, it will tell you where the When this command successfully finishes, it will tell you where the manual
manual got generated. The HTML will be accessible through the got generated. The HTML will be accessible through the
<filename>result</filename> symlink at <filename>result</filename> symlink at
<filename>./result/share/doc/nixos/index.html</filename>. <filename>./result/share/doc/nixos/index.html</filename>.
</para> </para>
</section> </section>
<section>
<title>Editing DocBook XML</title>
<section> <para>
<title>Editing DocBook XML</title> For general information on how to write in DocBook, see
<link xlink:href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/docbook.html"> DocBook
5: The Definitive Guide</link>.
</para>
<para> <para>
For general information on how to write in DocBook, see Emacs nXML Mode is very helpful for editing DocBook XML because it validates
<link xlink:href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/docbook.html"> the document as you write, and precisely locates errors. To use it, see
DocBook 5: The Definitive Guide</link>. <xref linkend="sec-emacs-docbook-xml"/>.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Emacs nXML Mode is very helpful for editing DocBook XML because it <link xlink:href="http://pandoc.org">Pandoc</link> can generate DocBook XML
validates the document as you write, and precisely locates from a multitude of formats, which makes a good starting point.
errors. To use it, see <xref linkend="sec-emacs-docbook-xml"/>. <example xml:id="ex-pandoc-xml-conv">
</para>
<para>
<link xlink:href="http://pandoc.org">Pandoc</link> can generate
DocBook XML from a multitude of formats, which makes a good starting
point.
<example xml:id="ex-pandoc-xml-conv">
<title>Pandoc invocation to convert GitHub-Flavoured MarkDown to DocBook 5 XML</title> <title>Pandoc invocation to convert GitHub-Flavoured MarkDown to DocBook 5 XML</title>
<screen>pandoc -f markdown_github -t docbook5 docs.md -o my-section.md</screen> <screen>pandoc -f markdown_github -t docbook5 docs.md -o my-section.md</screen>
</example> </example>
Pandoc can also quickly convert a single <filename>section.xml</filename> to
HTML, which is helpful when drafting.
</para>
Pandoc can also quickly convert a single <para>
<filename>section.xml</filename> to HTML, which is helpful when Sometimes writing valid DocBook is simply too difficult. In this case,
drafting. submit your documentation updates in a
</para> <link
<para>
Sometimes writing valid DocBook is simply too difficult. In this
case, submit your documentation updates in a <link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/new">GitHub xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/new">GitHub
Issue</link> and someone will handle the conversion to XML for you. Issue</link> and someone will handle the conversion to XML for you.
</para> </para>
</section> </section>
<section>
<title>Creating a Topic</title>
<section> <para>
<title>Creating a Topic</title> You can use an existing topic as a basis for the new topic or create a topic
from scratch.
</para>
<para> <para>
You can use an existing topic as a basis for the new topic or create a topic from scratch. Keep the following guidelines in mind when you create and add a topic:
</para> <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The NixOS
<link xlink:href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/book.html"><tag>book</tag></link>
element is in <filename>nixos/doc/manual/manual.xml</filename>. It
includes several
<link xlink:href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/book.html"><tag>part</tag>s</link>
which are in subdirectories.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Store the topic file in the same directory as the <tag>part</tag> to
which it belongs. If your topic is about configuring a NixOS module, then
the XML file can be stored alongside the module definition
<filename>nix</filename> file.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you include multiple words in the file name, separate the words with a
dash. For example: <filename>ipv6-config.xml</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Make sure that the <tag>xml:id</tag> value is unique. You can use
abbreviations if the ID is too long. For example:
<varname>nixos-config</varname>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Determine whether your topic is a chapter or a section. If you are
unsure, open an existing topic file and check whether the main element is
chapter or section.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Adding a Topic to the Book</title>
<para> <para>
Keep the following guidelines in mind when you create and add a topic: Open the parent XML file and add an <varname>xi:include</varname> element to
the list of chapters with the file name of the topic that you created. If
you created a <tag>section</tag>, you add the file to the <tag>chapter</tag>
file. If you created a <tag>chapter</tag>, you add the file to the
<tag>part</tag> file.
</para>
<itemizedlist> <para>
<listitem><para> If the topic is about configuring a NixOS module, it can be automatically
The NixOS <link xlink:href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/book.html"><tag>book</tag></link> included in the manual by using the <varname>meta.doc</varname> attribute.
element is in <filename>nixos/doc/manual/manual.xml</filename>. See <xref
It includes several
<link xlink:href="http://www.docbook.org/tdg5/en/html/book.html"><tag>part</tag>s</link>
which are in subdirectories.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Store the topic file in the same directory as the <tag>part</tag>
to which it belongs. If your topic is about configuring a NixOS
module, then the XML file can be stored alongside the module
definition <filename>nix</filename> file.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
If you include multiple words in the file name, separate the words
with a dash. For example: <filename>ipv6-config.xml</filename>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Make sure that the <tag>xml:id</tag> value is unique. You can use
abbreviations if the ID is too long. For example:
<varname>nixos-config</varname>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Determine whether your topic is a chapter or a section. If you are
unsure, open an existing topic file and check whether the main
element is chapter or section.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Adding a Topic to the Book</title>
<para>
Open the parent XML file and add an <varname>xi:include</varname>
element to the list of chapters with the file name of the topic that
you created. If you created a <tag>section</tag>, you add the file to
the <tag>chapter</tag> file. If you created a <tag>chapter</tag>, you
add the file to the <tag>part</tag> file.
</para>
<para>
If the topic is about configuring a NixOS module, it can be
automatically included in the manual by using the
<varname>meta.doc</varname> attribute. See <xref
linkend="sec-meta-attributes"/> for an explanation. linkend="sec-meta-attributes"/> for an explanation.
</para> </para>
</section>
</section>
</chapter> </chapter>

190
nixos/doc/manual/development/writing-modules.xml
View File

@ -3,52 +3,54 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-writing-modules"> xml:id="sec-writing-modules">
<title>Writing NixOS Modules</title>
<title>Writing NixOS Modules</title> <para>
NixOS has a modular system for declarative configuration. This system
<para>NixOS has a modular system for declarative configuration. This combines multiple <emphasis>modules</emphasis> to produce the full system
system combines multiple <emphasis>modules</emphasis> to produce the configuration. One of the modules that constitute the configuration is
full system configuration. One of the modules that constitute the <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. Most of the others live in
configuration is <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. the
Most of the others live in the <link <link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/modules"><filename>nixos/modules</filename></link> xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/tree/master/nixos/modules"><filename>nixos/modules</filename></link>
subdirectory of the Nixpkgs tree.</para> subdirectory of the Nixpkgs tree.
</para>
<para>Each NixOS module is a file that handles one logical aspect of <para>
the configuration, such as a specific kind of hardware, a service, or Each NixOS module is a file that handles one logical aspect of the
network settings. A module configuration does not have to handle configuration, such as a specific kind of hardware, a service, or network
everything from scratch; it can use the functionality provided by settings. A module configuration does not have to handle everything from
other modules for its implementation. Thus a module can scratch; it can use the functionality provided by other modules for its
<emphasis>declare</emphasis> options that can be used by other implementation. Thus a module can <emphasis>declare</emphasis> options that
modules, and conversely can <emphasis>define</emphasis> options can be used by other modules, and conversely can <emphasis>define</emphasis>
provided by other modules in its own implementation. For example, the options provided by other modules in its own implementation. For example, the
module <link module
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix"><filename>pam.nix</filename></link> xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/security/pam.nix"><filename>pam.nix</filename></link>
declares the option <option>security.pam.services</option> that allows declares the option <option>security.pam.services</option> that allows other
other modules (e.g. <link modules (e.g.
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/networking/ssh/sshd.nix"><filename>sshd.nix</filename></link>) xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/services/networking/ssh/sshd.nix"><filename>sshd.nix</filename></link>)
to define PAM services; and it defines the option to define PAM services; and it defines the option
<option>environment.etc</option> (declared by <link <option>environment.etc</option> (declared by
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/system/etc/etc.nix"><filename>etc.nix</filename></link>) xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/system/etc/etc.nix"><filename>etc.nix</filename></link>)
to cause files to be created in to cause files to be created in <filename>/etc/pam.d</filename>.
<filename>/etc/pam.d</filename>.</para> </para>
<para xml:id="para-module-syn">
<para xml:id="para-module-syn">In <xref In <xref
linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, we saw the following structure linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, we saw the following structure
of NixOS modules: of NixOS modules:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { config, pkgs, ... }:
{ <replaceable>option definitions</replaceable> { <replaceable>option definitions</replaceable>
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This is actually an <emphasis>abbreviated</emphasis> form of module that only
This is actually an <emphasis>abbreviated</emphasis> form of module defines options, but does not declare any. The structure of full NixOS
that only defines options, but does not declare any. The structure of modules is shown in <xref linkend='ex-module-syntax' />.
full NixOS modules is shown in <xref linkend='ex-module-syntax' />.</para> </para>
<example xml:id='ex-module-syntax'>
<example xml:id='ex-module-syntax'><title>Structure of NixOS Modules</title> <title>Structure of NixOS Modules</title>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: <co xml:id='module-syntax-1' /> { config, pkgs, ... }: <co xml:id='module-syntax-1' />
@ -65,56 +67,56 @@ full NixOS modules is shown in <xref linkend='ex-module-syntax' />.</para>
<replaceable>option definitions</replaceable> <co xml:id='module-syntax-4' /> <replaceable>option definitions</replaceable> <co xml:id='module-syntax-4' />
}; };
}</programlisting> }</programlisting>
</example> </example>
<para>
<para>The meaning of each part is as follows. The meaning of each part is as follows.
<calloutlist>
<calloutlist> <callout arearefs='module-syntax-1'>
<callout arearefs='module-syntax-1'> <para>
<para>This line makes the current Nix expression a function. The This line makes the current Nix expression a function. The variable
variable <varname>pkgs</varname> contains Nixpkgs, while <varname>pkgs</varname> contains Nixpkgs, while <varname>config</varname>
<varname>config</varname> contains the full system configuration. contains the full system configuration. This line can be omitted if there
This line can be omitted if there is no reference to is no reference to <varname>pkgs</varname> and <varname>config</varname>
<varname>pkgs</varname> and <varname>config</varname> inside the inside the module.
module.</para> </para>
</callout> </callout>
<callout arearefs='module-syntax-2'>
<callout arearefs='module-syntax-2'> <para>
<para>This list enumerates the paths to other NixOS modules that This list enumerates the paths to other NixOS modules that should be
should be included in the evaluation of the system configuration. included in the evaluation of the system configuration. A default set of
A default set of modules is defined in the file modules is defined in the file
<filename>modules/module-list.nix</filename>. These don't need to <filename>modules/module-list.nix</filename>. These don't need to be added
be added in the import list.</para> in the import list.
</callout> </para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='module-syntax-3'> <callout arearefs='module-syntax-3'>
<para>The attribute <varname>options</varname> is a nested set of <para>
<emphasis>option declarations</emphasis> (described below).</para> The attribute <varname>options</varname> is a nested set of
</callout> <emphasis>option declarations</emphasis> (described below).
</para>
<callout arearefs='module-syntax-4'> </callout>
<para>The attribute <varname>config</varname> is a nested set of <callout arearefs='module-syntax-4'>
<emphasis>option definitions</emphasis> (also described <para>
below).</para> The attribute <varname>config</varname> is a nested set of
</callout> <emphasis>option definitions</emphasis> (also described below).
</calloutlist> </para>
</callout>
</para> </calloutlist>
</para>
<para><xref linkend='locate-example' /> shows a module that handles <para>
the regular update of the “locate” database, an index of all files in <xref linkend='locate-example' /> shows a module that handles the regular
the file system. This module declares two options that can be defined update of the “locate” database, an index of all files in the file
by other modules (typically the user’s system. This module declares two options that can be defined by other modules
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>): (typically the user’s <filename>configuration.nix</filename>):
<option>services.locate.enable</option> (whether the database should <option>services.locate.enable</option> (whether the database should be
be updated) and <option>services.locate.interval</option> (when the updated) and <option>services.locate.interval</option> (when the update
update should be done). It implements its functionality by defining should be done). It implements its functionality by defining two options
two options declared by other modules: declared by other modules: <option>systemd.services</option> (the set of all
<option>systemd.services</option> (the set of all systemd services) systemd services) and <option>systemd.timers</option> (the list of commands
and <option>systemd.timers</option> (the list of commands to be to be executed periodically by <command>systemd</command>).
executed periodically by <command>systemd</command>).</para> </para>
<example xml:id='locate-example'>
<example xml:id='locate-example'><title>NixOS Module for the “locate” Service</title> <title>NixOS Module for the “locate” Service</title>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }: { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
@ -173,14 +175,12 @@ in {
}; };
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</example> </example>
<xi:include href="option-declarations.xml" />
<xi:include href="option-declarations.xml" /> <xi:include href="option-types.xml" />
<xi:include href="option-types.xml" /> <xi:include href="option-def.xml" />
<xi:include href="option-def.xml" /> <xi:include href="assertions.xml" />
<xi:include href="assertions.xml" /> <xi:include href="meta-attributes.xml" />
<xi:include href="meta-attributes.xml" /> <xi:include href="importing-modules.xml" />
<xi:include href="importing-modules.xml" /> <xi:include href="replace-modules.xml" />
<xi:include href="replace-modules.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

588
nixos/doc/manual/development/writing-nixos-tests.xml
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@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-writing-nixos-tests"> xml:id="sec-writing-nixos-tests">
<title>Writing Tests</title>
<title>Writing Tests</title> <para>
A NixOS test is a Nix expression that has the following structure:
<para>A NixOS test is a Nix expression that has the following structure:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
import ./make-test.nix { import ./make-test.nix {
@ -32,277 +31,364 @@ import ./make-test.nix {
''; '';
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The attribute <literal>testScript</literal> is a bit of Perl code that
The attribute <literal>testScript</literal> is a bit of Perl code that executes the test (described below). During the test, it will start one or
executes the test (described below). During the test, it will start more virtual machines, the configuration of which is described by the
one or more virtual machines, the configuration of which is described attribute <literal>machine</literal> (if you need only one machine in your
by the attribute <literal>machine</literal> (if you need only one test) or by the attribute <literal>nodes</literal> (if you need multiple
machine in your test) or by the attribute <literal>nodes</literal> (if machines). For instance,
you need multiple machines). For instance, <filename <filename
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/login.nix">login.nix</filename> xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/login.nix">login.nix</filename>
only needs a single machine to test whether users can log in on the only needs a single machine to test whether users can log in on the virtual
virtual console, whether device ownership is correctly maintained when console, whether device ownership is correctly maintained when switching
switching between consoles, and so on. On the other hand, <filename between consoles, and so on. On the other hand,
<filename
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/nfs.nix">nfs.nix</filename>, xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/nfs.nix">nfs.nix</filename>,
which tests NFS client and server functionality in the Linux kernel which tests NFS client and server functionality in the Linux kernel
(including whether locks are maintained across server crashes), (including whether locks are maintained across server crashes), requires
requires three machines: a server and two clients.</para> three machines: a server and two clients.
</para>
<para>There are a few special NixOS configuration options for test
VMs:
<para>
There are a few special NixOS configuration options for test VMs:
<!-- FIXME: would be nice to generate this automatically. --> <!-- FIXME: would be nice to generate this automatically. -->
<variablelist>
<variablelist> <varlistentry>
<term><option>virtualisation.memorySize</option>
<varlistentry> </term>
<term><option>virtualisation.memorySize</option></term> <listitem>
<listitem><para>The memory of the VM in <para>
megabytes.</para></listitem> The memory of the VM in megabytes.
</varlistentry> </para>
</listitem>
<varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<term><option>virtualisation.vlans</option></term> <varlistentry>
<listitem><para>The virtual networks to which the VM is <term><option>virtualisation.vlans</option>
connected. See <filename </term>
<listitem>
<para>
The virtual networks to which the VM is connected. See
<filename
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/nat.nix">nat.nix</filename> xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/tests/nat.nix">nat.nix</filename>
for an example.</para></listitem> for an example.
</varlistentry> </para>
</listitem>
<varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<term><option>virtualisation.writableStore</option></term> <varlistentry>
<listitem><para>By default, the Nix store in the VM is not <term><option>virtualisation.writableStore</option>
writable. If you enable this option, a writable union file system </term>
is mounted on top of the Nix store to make it appear <listitem>
writable. This is necessary for tests that run Nix operations that <para>
modify the store.</para></listitem> By default, the Nix store in the VM is not writable. If you enable this
</varlistentry> option, a writable union file system is mounted on top of the Nix store
to make it appear writable. This is necessary for tests that run Nix
</variablelist> operations that modify the store.
</para>
For more options, see the module <filename </listitem>
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix">qemu-vm.nix</filename>.</para> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>The test script is a sequence of Perl statements that perform For more options, see the module
various actions, such as starting VMs, executing commands in the VMs, <filename
and so on. Each virtual machine is represented as an object stored in xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/virtualisation/qemu-vm.nix">qemu-vm.nix</filename>.
the variable <literal>$<replaceable>name</replaceable></literal>, </para>
where <replaceable>name</replaceable> is the identifier of the machine
(which is just <literal>machine</literal> if you didn’t specify
multiple machines using the <literal>nodes</literal> attribute). For
instance, the following starts the machine, waits until it has
finished booting, then executes a command and checks that the output
is more-or-less correct:
<para>
The test script is a sequence of Perl statements that perform various
actions, such as starting VMs, executing commands in the VMs, and so on. Each
virtual machine is represented as an object stored in the variable
<literal>$<replaceable>name</replaceable></literal>, where
<replaceable>name</replaceable> is the identifier of the machine (which is
just <literal>machine</literal> if you didn’t specify multiple machines
using the <literal>nodes</literal> attribute). For instance, the following
starts the machine, waits until it has finished booting, then executes a
command and checks that the output is more-or-less correct:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
$machine->start; $machine->start;
$machine->waitForUnit("default.target"); $machine->waitForUnit("default.target");
$machine->succeed("uname") =~ /Linux/; $machine->succeed("uname") =~ /Linux/;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The first line is actually unnecessary; machines are implicitly started when
The first line is actually unnecessary; machines are implicitly you first execute an action on them (such as <literal>waitForUnit</literal>
started when you first execute an action on them (such as or <literal>succeed</literal>). If you have multiple machines, you can speed
<literal>waitForUnit</literal> or <literal>succeed</literal>). If you up the test by starting them in parallel:
have multiple machines, you can speed up the test by starting them in
parallel:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
startAll; startAll;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> <para>
The following methods are available on machine objects:
<para>The following methods are available on machine objects: <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term><methodname>start</methodname>
</term>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>start</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Start the virtual machine. This method is
asynchronous — it does not wait for the machine to finish
booting.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>shutdown</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Shut down the machine, waiting for the VM to
exit.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>crash</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Simulate a sudden power failure, by telling the VM
to exit immediately.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>block</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Simulate unplugging the Ethernet cable that
connects the machine to the other machines.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>unblock</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Undo the effect of
<methodname>block</methodname>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>screenshot</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Take a picture of the display of the virtual
machine, in PNG format. The screenshot is linked from the HTML
log.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>getScreenText</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Return a textual representation of what is currently
visible on the machine's screen using optical character
recognition.</para>
<note><para>This requires passing <option>enableOCR</option> to the test
attribute set.</para></note></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>sendMonitorCommand</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Send a command to the QEMU monitor. This is rarely
used, but allows doing stuff such as attaching virtual USB disks
to a running machine.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>sendKeys</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Simulate pressing keys on the virtual keyboard,
e.g., <literal>sendKeys("ctrl-alt-delete")</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>sendChars</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Simulate typing a sequence of characters on the
virtual keyboard, e.g., <literal>sendKeys("foobar\n")</literal>
will type the string <literal>foobar</literal> followed by the
Enter key.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>execute</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Execute a shell command, returning a list
<literal>(<replaceable>status</replaceable>,
<replaceable>stdout</replaceable>)</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>succeed</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Execute a shell command, raising an exception if
the exit status is not zero, otherwise returning the standard
output.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>fail</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Like <methodname>succeed</methodname>, but raising
an exception if the command returns a zero status.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitUntilSucceeds</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Repeat a shell command with 1-second intervals
until it succeeds.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitUntilFails</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Repeat a shell command with 1-second intervals
until it fails.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForUnit</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Wait until the specified systemd unit has reached
the “active” state.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForFile</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Wait until the specified file
exists.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForOpenPort</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Wait until a process is listening on the given TCP
port (on <literal>localhost</literal>, at least).</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForClosedPort</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Wait until nobody is listening on the given TCP
port.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForX</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Wait until the X11 server is accepting
connections.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForText</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Wait until the supplied regular expressions matches
the textual contents of the screen by using optical character recognition
(see <methodname>getScreenText</methodname>).</para>
<note><para>This requires passing <option>enableOCR</option> to the test
attribute set.</para></note></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForWindow</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Wait until an X11 window has appeared whose name
matches the given regular expression, e.g.,
<literal>waitForWindow(qr/Terminal/)</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>copyFileFromHost</methodname></term>
<listitem><para>Copies a file from host to machine, e.g.,
<literal>copyFileFromHost("myfile", "/etc/my/important/file")</literal>.</para>
<para>The first argument is the file on the host. The file needs to be
accessible while building the nix derivation. The second argument is
the location of the file on the machine.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>systemctl</methodname></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Runs <literal>systemctl</literal> commands with optional support for <para>
<literal>systemctl --user</literal></para> Start the virtual machine. This method is asynchronous — it does not
<para> wait for the machine to finish booting.
<programlisting> </para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>shutdown</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Shut down the machine, waiting for the VM to exit.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>crash</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Simulate a sudden power failure, by telling the VM to exit immediately.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>block</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Simulate unplugging the Ethernet cable that connects the machine to the
other machines.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>unblock</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Undo the effect of <methodname>block</methodname>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>screenshot</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Take a picture of the display of the virtual machine, in PNG format. The
screenshot is linked from the HTML log.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>getScreenText</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Return a textual representation of what is currently visible on the
machine's screen using optical character recognition.
</para>
<note>
<para>
This requires passing <option>enableOCR</option> to the test attribute
set.
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>sendMonitorCommand</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Send a command to the QEMU monitor. This is rarely used, but allows doing
stuff such as attaching virtual USB disks to a running machine.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>sendKeys</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Simulate pressing keys on the virtual keyboard, e.g.,
<literal>sendKeys("ctrl-alt-delete")</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>sendChars</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Simulate typing a sequence of characters on the virtual keyboard, e.g.,
<literal>sendKeys("foobar\n")</literal> will type the string
<literal>foobar</literal> followed by the Enter key.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>execute</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Execute a shell command, returning a list
<literal>(<replaceable>status</replaceable>,
<replaceable>stdout</replaceable>)</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>succeed</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Execute a shell command, raising an exception if the exit status is not
zero, otherwise returning the standard output.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>fail</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Like <methodname>succeed</methodname>, but raising an exception if the
command returns a zero status.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitUntilSucceeds</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Repeat a shell command with 1-second intervals until it succeeds.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitUntilFails</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Repeat a shell command with 1-second intervals until it fails.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForUnit</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wait until the specified systemd unit has reached the “active” state.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForFile</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wait until the specified file exists.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForOpenPort</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wait until a process is listening on the given TCP port (on
<literal>localhost</literal>, at least).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForClosedPort</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wait until nobody is listening on the given TCP port.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForX</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wait until the X11 server is accepting connections.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForText</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wait until the supplied regular expressions matches the textual contents
of the screen by using optical character recognition (see
<methodname>getScreenText</methodname>).
</para>
<note>
<para>
This requires passing <option>enableOCR</option> to the test attribute
set.
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>waitForWindow</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Wait until an X11 window has appeared whose name matches the given
regular expression, e.g., <literal>waitForWindow(qr/Terminal/)</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>copyFileFromHost</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Copies a file from host to machine, e.g.,
<literal>copyFileFromHost("myfile", "/etc/my/important/file")</literal>.
</para>
<para>
The first argument is the file on the host. The file needs to be
accessible while building the nix derivation. The second argument is the
location of the file on the machine.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><methodname>systemctl</methodname>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Runs <literal>systemctl</literal> commands with optional support for
<literal>systemctl --user</literal>
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>
$machine->systemctl("list-jobs --no-pager"); // runs `systemctl list-jobs --no-pager` $machine->systemctl("list-jobs --no-pager"); // runs `systemctl list-jobs --no-pager`
$machine->systemctl("list-jobs --no-pager", "any-user"); // spawns a shell for `any-user` and runs `systemctl --user list-jobs --no-pager` $machine->systemctl("list-jobs --no-pager", "any-user"); // spawns a shell for `any-user` and runs `systemctl --user list-jobs --no-pager`
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</variablelist> <para>
To test user units declared by <literal>systemd.user.services</literal> the
</para> optional <literal>$user</literal> argument can be used:
<programlisting>
<para>
To test user units declared by <literal>systemd.user.services</literal> the optional <literal>$user</literal>
argument can be used:
<programlisting>
$machine->start; $machine->start;
$machine->waitForX; $machine->waitForX;
$machine->waitForUnit("xautolock.service", "x-session-user"); $machine->waitForUnit("xautolock.service", "x-session-user");
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This applies to <literal>systemctl</literal>, <literal>getUnitInfo</literal>, This applies to <literal>systemctl</literal>, <literal>getUnitInfo</literal>,
<literal>waitForUnit</literal>, <literal>startJob</literal> <literal>waitForUnit</literal>, <literal>startJob</literal> and
and <literal>stopJob</literal>. <literal>stopJob</literal>.
</para> </para>
</section> </section>

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@ -2,101 +2,84 @@
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-changing-config"> xml:id="sec-changing-config">
<title>Changing the Configuration</title>
<title>Changing the Configuration</title> <para>
The file <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> contains the
<para>The file <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> current configuration of your machine. Whenever you’ve
contains the current configuration of your machine. Whenever you’ve <link linkend="ch-configuration">changed something</link> in that file, you
<link linkend="ch-configuration">changed something</link> in that file, you should do should do
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch</screen> # nixos-rebuild switch</screen>
to build the new configuration, make it the default configuration for
to build the new configuration, make it the default configuration for booting, and try to realise the configuration in the running system (e.g., by
booting, and try to realise the configuration in the running system restarting system services).
(e.g., by restarting system services).</para> </para>
<warning>
<warning><para>These commands must be executed as root, so you should <para>
either run them from a root shell or by prefixing them with These commands must be executed as root, so you should either run them from
<literal>sudo -i</literal>.</para></warning> a root shell or by prefixing them with <literal>sudo -i</literal>.
</para>
<para>You can also do </warning>
<para>
You can also do
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild test</screen> # nixos-rebuild test</screen>
to build the configuration and switch the running system to it, but without
to build the configuration and switch the running system to it, but making it the boot default. So if (say) the configuration locks up your
without making it the boot default. So if (say) the configuration machine, you can just reboot to get back to a working configuration.
locks up your machine, you can just reboot to get back to a working </para>
configuration.</para> <para>
There is also
<para>There is also
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild boot</screen> # nixos-rebuild boot</screen>
to build the configuration and make it the boot default, but not switch to it
to build the configuration and make it the boot default, but not now (so it will only take effect after the next reboot).
switch to it now (so it will only take effect after the next </para>
reboot).</para> <para>
You can make your configuration show up in a different submenu of the GRUB 2
<para>You can make your configuration show up in a different submenu boot screen by giving it a different <emphasis>profile name</emphasis>, e.g.
of the GRUB 2 boot screen by giving it a different <emphasis>profile
name</emphasis>, e.g.
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch -p test </screen> # nixos-rebuild switch -p test </screen>
which causes the new configuration (and previous ones created using
which causes the new configuration (and previous ones created using <literal>-p test</literal>) to show up in the GRUB submenu “NixOS - Profile
<literal>-p test</literal>) to show up in the GRUB submenu “NixOS - 'test'”. This can be useful to separate test configurations from
Profile 'test'”. This can be useful to separate test configurations “stable” configurations.
from “stable” configurations.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>Finally, you can do Finally, you can do
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-rebuild build</screen> $ nixos-rebuild build</screen>
to build the configuration but nothing more. This is useful to see whether
to build the configuration but nothing more. This is useful to see everything compiles cleanly.
whether everything compiles cleanly.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>If you have a machine that supports hardware virtualisation, you If you have a machine that supports hardware virtualisation, you can also
can also test the new configuration in a sandbox by building and test the new configuration in a sandbox by building and running a QEMU
running a QEMU <emphasis>virtual machine</emphasis> that contains the <emphasis>virtual machine</emphasis> that contains the desired configuration.
desired configuration. Just do Just do
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-rebuild build-vm $ nixos-rebuild build-vm
$ ./result/bin/run-*-vm $ ./result/bin/run-*-vm
</screen> </screen>
The VM does not have any data from your host system, so your existing user
The VM does not have any data from your host system, so your existing accounts and home directories will not be available unless you have set
user accounts and home directories will not be available unless you <literal>mutableUsers = false</literal>. Another way is to temporarily add
have set <literal>mutableUsers = false</literal>. Another way is to the following to your configuration:
temporarily add the following to your configuration:
<screen> <screen>
<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.initialHashedPassword">users.extraUsers.your-user.initialHashedPassword</link> = "test"; <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.initialHashedPassword">users.extraUsers.your-user.initialHashedPassword</link> = "test";
</screen> </screen>
<emphasis>Important:</emphasis> delete the $hostname.qcow2 file if you have
<emphasis>Important:</emphasis> delete the $hostname.qcow2 file if you started the virtual machine at least once without the right users, otherwise
have started the virtual machine at least once without the right the changes will not get picked up. You can forward ports on the host to the
users, otherwise the changes will not get picked up. guest. For instance, the following will forward host port 2222 to guest port
22 (SSH):
You can forward ports on the host to the guest. For
instance, the following will forward host port 2222 to guest port 22
(SSH):
<screen> <screen>
$ QEMU_NET_OPTS="hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22" ./result/bin/run-*-vm $ QEMU_NET_OPTS="hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22" ./result/bin/run-*-vm
</screen> </screen>
allowing you to log in via SSH (assuming you have set the appropriate
allowing you to log in via SSH (assuming you have set the appropriate passwords or SSH authorized keys):
passwords or SSH authorized keys):
<screen> <screen>
$ ssh -p 2222 localhost $ ssh -p 2222 localhost
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para>
</chapter> </chapter>

26
nixos/doc/manual/installation/installation.xml
View File

@ -3,19 +3,15 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-installation"> xml:id="ch-installation">
<title>Installation</title>
<title>Installation</title> <partintro>
<para>
<partintro> This section describes how to obtain, install, and configure NixOS for
first-time use.
<para>This section describes how to obtain, install, and configure </para>
NixOS for first-time use.</para> </partintro>
<xi:include href="obtaining.xml" />
</partintro> <xi:include href="installing.xml" />
<xi:include href="changing-config.xml" />
<xi:include href="obtaining.xml" /> <xi:include href="upgrading.xml" />
<xi:include href="installing.xml" />
<xi:include href="changing-config.xml" />
<xi:include href="upgrading.xml" />
</part> </part>

577
nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing-from-other-distro.xml
View File

@ -5,284 +5,325 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-installing-from-other-distro"> xml:id="sec-installing-from-other-distro">
<title>Installing from another Linux distribution</title>
<title>Installing from another Linux distribution</title> <para>
Because Nix (the package manager) &amp; Nixpkgs (the Nix packages collection)
can both be installed on any (most?) Linux distributions, they can be used to
install NixOS in various creative ways. You can, for instance:
</para>
<para> <orderedlist>
Because Nix (the package manager) &amp; Nixpkgs (the Nix packages <listitem>
collection) can both be installed on any (most?) Linux distributions, <para>
they can be used to install NixOS in various creative ways. You can, Install NixOS on another partition, from your existing Linux distribution
for instance: (without the use of a USB or optical device!)
</para> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Install NixOS on the same partition (in place!), from your existing
non-NixOS Linux distribution using <literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Install NixOS on your hard drive from the Live CD of any Linux
distribution.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<orderedlist> <para>
<listitem><para>Install NixOS on another partition, from your existing The first steps to all these are the same:
Linux distribution (without the use of a USB or optical </para>
device!)</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Install NixOS on the same partition (in place!), from <orderedlist>
your existing non-NixOS Linux distribution using <listitem>
<literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal>.</para></listitem> <para>
Install the Nix package manager:
<listitem><para>Install NixOS on your hard drive from the Live CD of </para>
any Linux distribution.</para></listitem> <para>
</orderedlist> Short version:
</para>
<para>The first steps to all these are the same:</para> <screen>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Install the Nix package manager:</para>
<para>Short version:</para>
<screen>
$ bash &lt;(curl https://nixos.org/nix/install) $ bash &lt;(curl https://nixos.org/nix/install)
$ . $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh # …or open a fresh shell</screen> $ . $HOME/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh # …or open a fresh shell</screen>
<para>
<para>More details in the <link More details in the
<link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-quick-start"> xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#chap-quick-start">
Nix manual</link></para> Nix manual</link>
</listitem> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Switch to the NixOS channel:</para> <para>
Switch to the NixOS channel:
<para>If you've just installed Nix on a non-NixOS distribution, you </para>
will be on the <literal>nixpkgs</literal> channel by <para>
default.</para> If you've just installed Nix on a non-NixOS distribution, you will be on
the <literal>nixpkgs</literal> channel by default.
<screen> </para>
<screen>
$ nix-channel --list $ nix-channel --list
nixpkgs https://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable</screen> nixpkgs https://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable</screen>
<para>
<para>As that channel gets released without running the NixOS As that channel gets released without running the NixOS tests, it will be
tests, it will be safer to use the <literal>nixos-*</literal> safer to use the <literal>nixos-*</literal> channels instead:
channels instead:</para> </para>
<screen>
<screen>
$ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-<replaceable>version</replaceable> nixpkgs</screen> $ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-<replaceable>version</replaceable> nixpkgs</screen>
<para>
<para>You may want to throw in a <literal>nix-channel You may want to throw in a <literal>nix-channel --update</literal> for good
--update</literal> for good measure.</para> measure.
</listitem> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Install the NixOS installation tools:</para> <para>
Install the NixOS installation tools:
<para>You'll need <literal>nixos-generate-config</literal> and </para>
<literal>nixos-install</literal> and we'll throw in some man <para>
pages and <literal>nixos-enter</literal> just in case you want You'll need <literal>nixos-generate-config</literal> and
to chroot into your NixOS partition. They are installed by <literal>nixos-install</literal> and we'll throw in some man pages and
default on NixOS, but you don't have NixOS yet..</para> <literal>nixos-enter</literal> just in case you want to chroot into your
NixOS partition. They are installed by default on NixOS, but you don't have
<screen>$ nix-env -iE "_: with import &lt;nixpkgs/nixos&gt; { configuration = {}; }; with config.system.build; [ nixos-generate-config nixos-install nixos-enter manual.manpages ]"</screen> NixOS yet..
</listitem> </para>
<screen>$ nix-env -iE "_: with import &lt;nixpkgs/nixos&gt; { configuration = {}; }; with config.system.build; [ nixos-generate-config nixos-install nixos-enter manual.manpages ]"</screen>
<listitem> </listitem>
<note><para>The following 5 steps are only for installing NixOS to <listitem>
another partition. For installing NixOS in place using <note>
<literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal>, skip ahead.</para></note> <para>
The following 5 steps are only for installing NixOS to another partition.
<para>Prepare your target partition:</para> For installing NixOS in place using <literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal>,
skip ahead.
<para>At this point it is time to prepare your target partition. </para>
Please refer to the partitioning, file-system creation, and </note>
mounting steps of <xref linkend="sec-installation" /></para> <para>
Prepare your target partition:
<para>If you're about to install NixOS in place using </para>
<literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> there is nothing to do for <para>
this step.</para> At this point it is time to prepare your target partition. Please refer to
</listitem> the partitioning, file-system creation, and mounting steps of
<xref linkend="sec-installation" />
<listitem> </para>
<para>Generate your NixOS configuration:</para> <para>
If you're about to install NixOS in place using
<screen>$ sudo `which nixos-generate-config` --root /mnt</screen> <literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> there is nothing to do for this step.
</para>
<para>You'll probably want to edit the configuration files. Refer </listitem>
to the <literal>nixos-generate-config</literal> step in <xref <listitem>
linkend="sec-installation" /> for more information.</para> <para>
Generate your NixOS configuration:
<para>Consider setting up the NixOS bootloader to give you the </para>
ability to boot on your existing Linux partition. For instance, <screen>$ sudo `which nixos-generate-config` --root /mnt</screen>
if you're using GRUB and your existing distribution is running <para>
Ubuntu, you may want to add something like this to your You'll probably want to edit the configuration files. Refer to the
<literal>configuration.nix</literal>:</para> <literal>nixos-generate-config</literal> step in
<xref
<programlisting> linkend="sec-installation" /> for more
information.
</para>
<para>
Consider setting up the NixOS bootloader to give you the ability to boot on
your existing Linux partition. For instance, if you're using GRUB and your
existing distribution is running Ubuntu, you may want to add something like
this to your <literal>configuration.nix</literal>:
</para>
<programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.extraEntries"/> = '' <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.extraEntries"/> = ''
menuentry "Ubuntu" { menuentry "Ubuntu" {
search --set=ubuntu --fs-uuid 3cc3e652-0c1f-4800-8451-033754f68e6e search --set=ubuntu --fs-uuid 3cc3e652-0c1f-4800-8451-033754f68e6e
configfile "($ubuntu)/boot/grub/grub.cfg" configfile "($ubuntu)/boot/grub/grub.cfg"
} }
'';</programlisting> '';</programlisting>
<para>
<para>(You can find the appropriate UUID for your partition in (You can find the appropriate UUID for your partition in
<literal>/dev/disk/by-uuid</literal>)</para> <literal>/dev/disk/by-uuid</literal>)
</listitem> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Create the <literal>nixbld</literal> group and user on your <para>
original distribution:</para> Create the <literal>nixbld</literal> group and user on your original
distribution:
<screen> </para>
<screen>
$ sudo groupadd -g 30000 nixbld $ sudo groupadd -g 30000 nixbld
$ sudo useradd -u 30000 -g nixbld -G nixbld nixbld</screen> $ sudo useradd -u 30000 -g nixbld -G nixbld nixbld</screen>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>Download/build/install NixOS:</para> Download/build/install NixOS:
</para>
<warning><para>Once you complete this step, you might no longer be <warning>
able to boot on existing systems without the help of a <para>
rescue USB drive or similar.</para></warning> Once you complete this step, you might no longer be able to boot on
existing systems without the help of a rescue USB drive or similar.
<screen>$ sudo PATH="$PATH" NIX_PATH="$NIX_PATH" `which nixos-install` --root /mnt</screen> </para>
</warning>
<para>Again, please refer to the <literal>nixos-install</literal> <screen>$ sudo PATH="$PATH" NIX_PATH="$NIX_PATH" `which nixos-install` --root /mnt</screen>
step in <xref linkend="sec-installation" /> for more <para>
information.</para> Again, please refer to the <literal>nixos-install</literal> step in
<xref linkend="sec-installation" /> for more information.
<para>That should be it for installation to another partition!</para> </para>
</listitem> <para>
That should be it for installation to another partition!
<listitem> </para>
<para>Optionally, you may want to clean up your non-NixOS distribution:</para> </listitem>
<listitem>
<screen> <para>
Optionally, you may want to clean up your non-NixOS distribution:
</para>
<screen>
$ sudo userdel nixbld $ sudo userdel nixbld
$ sudo groupdel nixbld</screen> $ sudo groupdel nixbld</screen>
<para>
<para>If you do not wish to keep the Nix package manager If you do not wish to keep the Nix package manager installed either, run
installed either, run something like <literal>sudo rm -rv something like <literal>sudo rm -rv ~/.nix-* /nix</literal> and remove the
~/.nix-* /nix</literal> and remove the line that the Nix line that the Nix installer added to your <literal>~/.profile</literal>.
installer added to your <literal>~/.profile</literal>.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <note>
<note><para>The following steps are only for installing NixOS in <para>
place using The following steps are only for installing NixOS in place using
<literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal>:</para></note> <literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal>:
</para>
<para>Generate your NixOS configuration:</para> </note>
<para>
<screen>$ sudo `which nixos-generate-config` --root /</screen> Generate your NixOS configuration:
</para>
<para>Note that this will place the generated configuration files <screen>$ sudo `which nixos-generate-config` --root /</screen>
in <literal>/etc/nixos</literal>. You'll probably want to edit <para>
the configuration files. Refer to the Note that this will place the generated configuration files in
<literal>nixos-generate-config</literal> step in <xref <literal>/etc/nixos</literal>. You'll probably want to edit the
linkend="sec-installation" /> for more information.</para> configuration files. Refer to the <literal>nixos-generate-config</literal>
step in <xref
<para>You'll likely want to set a root password for your first boot linkend="sec-installation" /> for more
using the configuration files because you won't have a chance information.
to enter a password until after you reboot. You can initalize </para>
the root password to an empty one with this line: (and of course <para>
don't forget to set one once you've rebooted or to lock the You'll likely want to set a root password for your first boot using the
account with <literal>sudo passwd -l root</literal> if you use configuration files because you won't have a chance to enter a password
<literal>sudo</literal>)</para> until after you reboot. You can initalize the root password to an empty one
with this line: (and of course don't forget to set one once you've rebooted
<programlisting> or to lock the account with <literal>sudo passwd -l root</literal> if you
use <literal>sudo</literal>)
</para>
<programlisting>
<link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.initialHashedPassword">users.extraUsers.root.initialHashedPassword</link> = ""; <link linkend="opt-users.users._name__.initialHashedPassword">users.extraUsers.root.initialHashedPassword</link> = "";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>Build the NixOS closure and install it in the Build the NixOS closure and install it in the <literal>system</literal>
<literal>system</literal> profile:</para> profile:
</para>
<screen>$ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/system -f '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos&gt;' -I nixos-config=/etc/nixos/configuration.nix -iA system</screen> <screen>$ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/system -f '&lt;nixpkgs/nixos&gt;' -I nixos-config=/etc/nixos/configuration.nix -iA system</screen>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>Change ownership of the <literal>/nix</literal> tree to root Change ownership of the <literal>/nix</literal> tree to root (since your
(since your Nix install was probably single user):</para> Nix install was probably single user):
</para>
<screen>$ sudo chown -R 0.0 /nix</screen> <screen>$ sudo chown -R 0.0 /nix</screen>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>Set up the <literal>/etc/NIXOS</literal> and Set up the <literal>/etc/NIXOS</literal> and
<literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> files:</para> <literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> files:
</para>
<para><literal>/etc/NIXOS</literal> officializes that this is now a <para>
NixOS partition (the bootup scripts require its presence).</para> <literal>/etc/NIXOS</literal> officializes that this is now a NixOS
partition (the bootup scripts require its presence).
<para><literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> tells the NixOS bootup </para>
scripts to move <emphasis>everything</emphasis> that's in the <para>
root partition to <literal>/old-root</literal>. This will move <literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> tells the NixOS bootup scripts to
your existing distribution out of the way in the very early move <emphasis>everything</emphasis> that's in the root partition to
stages of the NixOS bootup. There are exceptions (we do need to <literal>/old-root</literal>. This will move your existing distribution out
keep NixOS there after all), so the NixOS lustrate process will of the way in the very early stages of the NixOS bootup. There are
not touch:</para> exceptions (we do need to keep NixOS there after all), so the NixOS
lustrate process will not touch:
<itemizedlist> </para>
<listitem><para>The <literal>/nix</literal> <itemizedlist>
directory</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para>The <literal>/boot</literal> The <literal>/nix</literal> directory
directory</para></listitem> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Any file or directory listed in <listitem>
<literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> (one per <para>
line)</para></listitem> The <literal>/boot</literal> directory
</itemizedlist> </para>
</listitem>
<note><para>Support for <literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> was added <listitem>
in NixOS 16.09. The act of "lustrating" refers to the <para>
wiping of the existing distribution. Creating Any file or directory listed in <literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal>
<literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> can also be used on (one per line)
NixOS to remove all mutable files from your root partition </para>
(anything that's not in <literal>/nix</literal> or </listitem>
<literal>/boot</literal> gets "lustrated" on the next </itemizedlist>
boot.</para> <note>
<para>lustrate /ˈlʌstreɪt/ verb.</para> <para>
<para>purify by expiatory sacrifice, ceremonial washing, or Support for <literal>NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> was added in NixOS 16.09.
some other ritual action.</para></note> The act of "lustrating" refers to the wiping of the existing distribution.
Creating <literal>/etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE</literal> can also be used on NixOS
<para>Let's create the files:</para> to remove all mutable files from your root partition (anything that's not
in <literal>/nix</literal> or <literal>/boot</literal> gets "lustrated" on
<screen> the next boot.
</para>
<para>
lustrate /ˈlʌstreɪt/ verb.
</para>
<para>
purify by expiatory sacrifice, ceremonial washing, or some other ritual
action.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Let's create the files:
</para>
<screen>
$ sudo touch /etc/NIXOS $ sudo touch /etc/NIXOS
$ sudo touch /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE $ sudo touch /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE
</screen> </screen>
<para>
<para>Let's also make sure the NixOS configuration files are kept Let's also make sure the NixOS configuration files are kept once we reboot
once we reboot on NixOS:</para> on NixOS:
</para>
<screen> <screen>
$ echo etc/nixos | sudo tee -a /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE $ echo etc/nixos | sudo tee -a /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE
</screen> </screen>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>Finally, move the <literal>/boot</literal> directory of your Finally, move the <literal>/boot</literal> directory of your current
current distribution out of the way (the lustrate process will distribution out of the way (the lustrate process will take care of the
take care of the rest once you reboot, but this one must be rest once you reboot, but this one must be moved out now because NixOS
moved out now because NixOS needs to install its own boot needs to install its own boot files:
files:</para> </para>
<warning>
<warning><para>Once you complete this step, your current <para>
distribution will no longer be bootable! If you didn't get Once you complete this step, your current distribution will no longer be
all the NixOS configuration right, especially those bootable! If you didn't get all the NixOS configuration right, especially
settings pertaining to boot loading and root partition, those settings pertaining to boot loading and root partition, NixOS may
NixOS may not be bootable either. Have a USB rescue device not be bootable either. Have a USB rescue device ready in case this
ready in case this happens. </para></warning> happens.
</para>
<screen> </warning>
<screen>
$ sudo mv -v /boot /boot.bak &amp;&amp; $ sudo mv -v /boot /boot.bak &amp;&amp;
sudo /nix/var/nix/profiles/system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot</screen> sudo /nix/var/nix/profiles/system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot</screen>
<para>
<para>Cross your fingers, reboot, hopefully you should get a NixOS Cross your fingers, reboot, hopefully you should get a NixOS prompt!
prompt!</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>If for some reason you want to revert to the old <para>
distribution, you'll need to boot on a USB rescue disk and do If for some reason you want to revert to the old distribution, you'll need
something along these lines:</para> to boot on a USB rescue disk and do something along these lines:
</para>
<screen> <screen>
# mkdir root # mkdir root
# mount /dev/sdaX root # mount /dev/sdaX root
# mkdir root/nixos-root # mkdir root/nixos-root
@ -291,23 +332,25 @@ $ sudo mv -v /boot /boot.bak &amp;&amp;
# mv -v root/boot.bak root/boot # We had renamed this by hand earlier # mv -v root/boot.bak root/boot # We had renamed this by hand earlier
# umount root # umount root
# reboot</screen> # reboot</screen>
<para>
<para>This may work as is or you might also need to reinstall the This may work as is or you might also need to reinstall the boot loader
boot loader</para> </para>
<para>
<para>And of course, if you're happy with NixOS and no longer need And of course, if you're happy with NixOS and no longer need the old
the old distribution:</para> distribution:
</para>
<screen>sudo rm -rf /old-root</screen> <screen>sudo rm -rf /old-root</screen>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>It's also worth noting that this whole process can be It's also worth noting that this whole process can be automated. This is
automated. This is especially useful for Cloud VMs, where especially useful for Cloud VMs, where provider do not provide NixOS. For
provider do not provide NixOS. For instance, <link instance,
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/elitak/nixos-infect">nixos-infect</link> xlink:href="https://github.com/elitak/nixos-infect">nixos-infect</link>
uses the lustrate process to convert Digital Ocean droplets to uses the lustrate process to convert Digital Ocean droplets to NixOS from
NixOS from other distributions automatically.</para> other distributions automatically.
</listitem> </para>
</orderedlist> </listitem>
</orderedlist>
</section> </section>

74
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View File

@ -3,46 +3,48 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-booting-from-pxe"> xml:id="sec-booting-from-pxe">
<title>Booting from the <quote>netboot</quote> media (PXE)</title>
<title>Booting from the <quote>netboot</quote> media (PXE)</title> <para>
<para> Advanced users may wish to install NixOS using an existing PXE or iPXE setup.
Advanced users may wish to install NixOS using an existing PXE or </para>
iPXE setup.
</para> <para>
<para>
These instructions assume that you have an existing PXE or iPXE These instructions assume that you have an existing PXE or iPXE
infrastructure and simply want to add the NixOS installer as another infrastructure and simply want to add the NixOS installer as another option.
option. To build the necessary files from a recent version of To build the necessary files from a recent version of nixpkgs, you can run:
nixpkgs, you can run: </para>
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
nix-build -A netboot nixos/release.nix nix-build -A netboot nixos/release.nix
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<para>
This will create a <literal>result</literal> directory containing: *
<literal>bzImage</literal> – the Linux kernel *
<literal>initrd</literal> – the initrd file *
<literal>netboot.ipxe</literal> – an example ipxe script
demonstrating the appropriate kernel command line arguments for this
image
</para>
<para>
If you’re using plain PXE, configure your boot loader to use the
<literal>bzImage</literal> and <literal>initrd</literal> files and
have it provide the same kernel command line arguments found in
<literal>netboot.ipxe</literal>.
</para>
<para>
If you’re using iPXE, depending on how your HTTP/FTP/etc. server is
configured you may be able to use <literal>netboot.ipxe</literal>
unmodified, or you may need to update the paths to the files to
match your server’s directory layout
</para>
<para>
In the future we may begin making these files available as build
products from hydra at which point we will update this documentation
with instructions on how to obtain them either for placing on a
dedicated TFTP server or to boot them directly over the internet.
</para>
<para>
This will create a <literal>result</literal> directory containing: *
<literal>bzImage</literal> – the Linux kernel * <literal>initrd</literal>
– the initrd file * <literal>netboot.ipxe</literal> – an example ipxe
script demonstrating the appropriate kernel command line arguments for this
image
</para>
<para>
If you’re using plain PXE, configure your boot loader to use the
<literal>bzImage</literal> and <literal>initrd</literal> files and have it
provide the same kernel command line arguments found in
<literal>netboot.ipxe</literal>.
</para>
<para>
If you’re using iPXE, depending on how your HTTP/FTP/etc. server is
configured you may be able to use <literal>netboot.ipxe</literal> unmodified,
or you may need to update the paths to the files to match your server’s
directory layout
</para>
<para>
In the future we may begin making these files available as build products
from hydra at which point we will update this documentation with instructions
on how to obtain them either for placing on a dedicated TFTP server or to
boot them directly over the internet.
</para>
</section> </section>

89
nixos/doc/manual/installation/installing-usb.xml
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@ -3,17 +3,19 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-booting-from-usb"> xml:id="sec-booting-from-usb">
<title>Booting from a USB Drive</title>
<title>Booting from a USB Drive</title> <para>
For systems without CD drive, the NixOS live CD can be booted from a USB
stick. You can use the <command>dd</command> utility to write the image:
<command>dd if=<replaceable>path-to-image</replaceable>
of=<replaceable>/dev/sdb</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying
the correct drive; you can use the <command>lsblk</command> command to get a
list of block devices.
</para>
<para>For systems without CD drive, the NixOS live CD can be booted from <para>
a USB stick. You can use the <command>dd</command> utility to write the image: On macOS:
<command>dd if=<replaceable>path-to-image</replaceable>
of=<replaceable>/dev/sdb</replaceable></command>. Be careful about specifying the
correct drive; you can use the <command>lsblk</command> command to get a list of
block devices.</para>
<para>On macOS:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
$ diskutil list $ diskutil list
[..] [..]
@ -24,36 +26,43 @@ $ diskutil unmountDisk diskN
Unmount of all volumes on diskN was successful Unmount of all volumes on diskN was successful
$ sudo dd bs=1m if=nix.iso of=/dev/rdiskN $ sudo dd bs=1m if=nix.iso of=/dev/rdiskN
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of <command>diskN</command> Using the 'raw' <command>rdiskN</command> device instead of
completes in minutes instead of hours. After <command>dd</command> completes, a GUI <command>diskN</command> completes in minutes instead of hours. After
dialog "The disk you inserted was not readable by this computer" will pop up, which <command>dd</command> completes, a GUI dialog "The disk you inserted was not
can be ignored.</para> readable by this computer" will pop up, which can be ignored.
</para>
<para>The <command>dd</command> utility will write the image verbatim to the drive,
making it the recommended option for both UEFI and non-UEFI installations. For
non-UEFI installations, you can alternatively use
<link xlink:href="http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/">unetbootin</link>. If you
cannot use <command>dd</command> for a UEFI installation, you can also mount the
ISO, copy its contents verbatim to your drive, then either:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Change the label of the disk partition to the label of the ISO
(visible with the blkid command), or</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Edit <filename>loader/entries/nixos-livecd.conf</filename> on the drive
and change the <literal>root=</literal> field in the <literal>options</literal>
line to point to your drive (see the documentation on <literal>root=</literal>
in <link xlink:href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt">
the kernel documentation</link> for more details).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you want to load the contents of the ISO to ram after bootin
(So you can remove the stick after bootup) you can append the parameter
<literal>copytoram</literal> to the <literal>options</literal> field.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
The <command>dd</command> utility will write the image verbatim to the drive,
making it the recommended option for both UEFI and non-UEFI installations.
For non-UEFI installations, you can alternatively use
<link xlink:href="http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/">unetbootin</link>. If
you cannot use <command>dd</command> for a UEFI installation, you can also
mount the ISO, copy its contents verbatim to your drive, then either:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Change the label of the disk partition to the label of the ISO (visible
with the blkid command), or
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Edit <filename>loader/entries/nixos-livecd.conf</filename> on the drive
and change the <literal>root=</literal> field in the
<literal>options</literal> line to point to your drive (see the
documentation on <literal>root=</literal> in
<link xlink:href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt">
the kernel documentation</link> for more details).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you want to load the contents of the ISO to ram after bootin (So you
can remove the stick after bootup) you can append the parameter
<literal>copytoram</literal> to the <literal>options</literal> field.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</section> </section>

96
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@ -3,63 +3,82 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-instaling-virtualbox-guest"> xml:id="sec-instaling-virtualbox-guest">
<title>Installing in a VirtualBox guest</title>
<title>Installing in a VirtualBox guest</title> <para>
<para>
Installing NixOS into a VirtualBox guest is convenient for users who want to Installing NixOS into a VirtualBox guest is convenient for users who want to
try NixOS without installing it on bare metal. If you want to use a pre-made try NixOS without installing it on bare metal. If you want to use a pre-made
VirtualBox appliance, it is available at <link VirtualBox appliance, it is available at
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">the downloads page</link>. <link
If you want to set up a VirtualBox guest manually, follow these instructions: xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">the downloads
</para> page</link>. If you want to set up a VirtualBox guest manually, follow these
instructions:
</para>
<orderedlist> <orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a New Machine in VirtualBox with OS Type "Linux / Other Linux"
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Base Memory Size: 768 MB or higher.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
New Hard Disk of 8 GB or higher.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Mount the CD-ROM with the NixOS ISO (by clicking on CD/DVD-ROM)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on Settings / System / Processor and enable PAE/NX
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Click on Settings / System / Acceleration and enable "VT-x/AMD-V"
acceleration
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Save the settings, start the virtual machine, and continue installation
like normal
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<listitem><para>Add a New Machine in VirtualBox with OS Type "Linux / Other <para>
Linux"</para></listitem> There are a few modifications you should make in configuration.nix. Enable
booting:
<listitem><para>Base Memory Size: 768 MB or higher.</para></listitem> </para>
<listitem><para>New Hard Disk of 8 GB or higher.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Mount the CD-ROM with the NixOS ISO (by clicking on
CD/DVD-ROM)</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Click on Settings / System / Processor and enable
PAE/NX</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Click on Settings / System / Acceleration and enable
"VT-x/AMD-V" acceleration</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Save the settings, start the virtual machine, and continue
installation like normal</para></listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
There are a few modifications you should make in configuration.nix.
Enable booting:
</para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> = "/dev/sda"; <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> = "/dev/sda";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<para> <para>
Also remove the fsck that runs at startup. It will always fail to run, Also remove the fsck that runs at startup. It will always fail to run,
stopping your boot until you press <literal>*</literal>. stopping your boot until you press <literal>*</literal>.
</para> </para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.initrd.checkJournalingFS"/> = false; <xref linkend="opt-boot.initrd.checkJournalingFS"/> = false;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<para> <para>
Shared folders can be given a name and a path in the host system in the Shared folders can be given a name and a path in the host system in the
VirtualBox settings (Machine / Settings / Shared Folders, then click on the VirtualBox settings (Machine / Settings / Shared Folders, then click on the
"Add" icon). Add the following to the "Add" icon). Add the following to the
<literal>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal> to auto-mount them: <literal>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal> to auto-mount them:
</para> </para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
{ config, pkgs, ...} : { config, pkgs, ...} :
@ -74,8 +93,7 @@
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<para> <para>
The folder will be available directly under the root directory. The folder will be available directly under the root directory.
</para> </para>
</section> </section>

585
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@ -3,66 +3,92 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-installation"> xml:id="sec-installation">
<title>Installing NixOS</title>
<title>Installing NixOS</title> <para>
NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure for a UEFI
<para>NixOS can be installed on BIOS or UEFI systems. The procedure installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The differences
for a UEFI installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The differences are mentioned in the steps that follow.</para> are mentioned in the steps that follow.
</para>
<orderedlist> <orderedlist>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>Boot from the CD.</para> <para>
<variablelist> Boot from the CD.
<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term> </para>
<listitem><para>You should boot the live CD in UEFI mode <variablelist>
(consult your specific hardware's documentation for instructions). <varlistentry>
You may find the <link xlink:href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind">rEFInd boot <term>UEFI systems</term>
manager</link> useful.</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para>The CD contains a basic NixOS installation. (It You should boot the live CD in UEFI mode (consult your specific
also contains Memtest86+, useful if you want to test new hardware). hardware's documentation for instructions). You may find the
When it’s finished booting, it should have detected most of your <link xlink:href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind">rEFInd boot
hardware.</para></listitem> manager</link> useful.
</para>
<listitem><para>The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 </listitem>
(press Alt+F8 to access) or by running <command>nixos-help</command>. </varlistentry>
</para></listitem> </variablelist>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>You get logged in as <literal>root</literal> <listitem>
(with empty password).</para></listitem> <para>
The CD contains a basic NixOS installation. (It also contains Memtest86+,
<listitem><para>If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can useful if you want to test new hardware). When it’s finished booting, it
run <command>systemctl start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you should have detected most of your hardware.
want to continue on the terminal, you can use </para>
<command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your preferred keyboard layout. </listitem>
(We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de neo</command>!)</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para>The boot process should have brought up networking (check The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8 (press Alt+F8 to access)
<command>ip a</command>). Networking is necessary for the or by running <command>nixos-help</command>.
installer, since it will download lots of stuff (such as source </para>
tarballs or Nixpkgs channel binaries). It’s best if you have a DHCP </listitem>
server on your network. Otherwise configure networking manually <listitem>
using <command>ifconfig</command>.</para> <para>
<para>To manually configure the network on the graphical installer, You get logged in as <literal>root</literal> (with empty password).
first disable network-manager with </para>
<command>systemctl stop network-manager</command>.</para> </listitem>
<para>To manually configure the wifi on the minimal installer, run <listitem>
<command>wpa_supplicant -B -i interface -c &lt;(wpa_passphrase 'SSID' 'key')</command>.</para></listitem> <para>
If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can run <command>systemctl
start display-manager</command> to start KDE. If you want to continue on
<listitem><para>If you would like to continue the installation from a different the terminal, you can use <command>loadkeys</command> to switch to your
machine you need to activate the SSH daemon via <literal>systemctl start sshd</literal>. preferred keyboard layout. (We even provide neo2 via <command>loadkeys de
In order to be able to login you also need to set a password for neo</command>!)
<literal>root</literal> using <literal>passwd</literal>.</para></listitem> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or <listitem>
formatting yet, so you need to do that yourself. Use the following <para>
commands: The boot process should have brought up networking (check <command>ip
a</command>). Networking is necessary for the installer, since it will
<itemizedlist> download lots of stuff (such as source tarballs or Nixpkgs channel
binaries). It’s best if you have a DHCP server on your network. Otherwise
<listitem><para>For partitioning: configure networking manually using <command>ifconfig</command>.
<command>fdisk</command>. </para>
<para>
To manually configure the network on the graphical installer, first disable
network-manager with <command>systemctl stop network-manager</command>.
</para>
<para>
To manually configure the wifi on the minimal installer, run
<command>wpa_supplicant -B -i interface -c &lt;(wpa_passphrase 'SSID'
'key')</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If you would like to continue the installation from a different machine you
need to activate the SSH daemon via <literal>systemctl start
sshd</literal>. In order to be able to login you also need to set a
password for <literal>root</literal> using <literal>passwd</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or formatting yet, so you
need to do that yourself. Use the following commands:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
For partitioning: <command>fdisk</command>.
<screen> <screen>
# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation> # fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
-- for UEFI systems only -- for UEFI systems only
@ -86,257 +112,266 @@ for a UEFI installation is by and large the same as a BIOS installation. The dif
> x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation> > x # <lineannotation>(enter expert mode)</lineannotation>
> f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation> > f # <lineannotation>(fix up the partition ordering)</lineannotation>
> r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation> > r # <lineannotation>(exit expert mode)</lineannotation>
> w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation></screen></para></listitem> > w # <lineannotation>(write the partition table to disk and exit)</lineannotation></screen>
</para>
<listitem><para>For initialising Ext4 partitions: </listitem>
<command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is recommended that you assign a <listitem>
unique symbolic label to the file system using the option <para>
<option>-L <replaceable>label</replaceable></option>, since this For initialising Ext4 partitions: <command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is
makes the file system configuration independent from device recommended that you assign a unique symbolic label to the file system
changes. For example: using the option <option>-L <replaceable>label</replaceable></option>,
since this makes the file system configuration independent from device
changes. For example:
<screen> <screen>
# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1</screen> # mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1</screen>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>For creating swap partitions: <para>
<command>mkswap</command>. Again it’s recommended to assign a For creating swap partitions: <command>mkswap</command>. Again it’s
label to the swap partition: <option>-L recommended to assign a label to the swap partition: <option>-L
<replaceable>label</replaceable></option>. For example: <replaceable>label</replaceable></option>. For example:
<screen> <screen>
# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2</screen> # mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2</screen>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <variablelist>
<variablelist> <varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term> <term>UEFI systems</term>
<listitem><para>For creating boot partitions: <listitem>
<command>mkfs.fat</command>. Again it’s recommended to assign a <para>
label to the boot partition: <option>-n For creating boot partitions: <command>mkfs.fat</command>. Again
<replaceable>label</replaceable></option>. For example: it’s recommended to assign a label to the boot partition:
<option>-n <replaceable>label</replaceable></option>. For example:
<screen> <screen>
# mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sda3</screen> # mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/sda3</screen>
</para>
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist></listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem><para>For creating LVM volumes, the LVM commands, e.g., </variablelist>
<command>pvcreate</command>, <command>vgcreate</command>, and </listitem>
<command>lvcreate</command>.</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para>For creating software RAID devices, use For creating LVM volumes, the LVM commands, e.g.,
<command>mdadm</command>.</para></listitem> <command>pvcreate</command>, <command>vgcreate</command>, and
<command>lvcreate</command>.
</itemizedlist> </para>
</listitem>
</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para>Mount the target file system on which NixOS should For creating software RAID devices, use <command>mdadm</command>.
be installed on <filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g. </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Mount the target file system on which NixOS should be installed on
<filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
<screen> <screen>
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt # mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<variablelist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term> <varlistentry>
<listitem><para>Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g. <term>UEFI systems</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Mount the boot file system on <filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, e.g.
<screen> <screen>
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot # mkdir -p /mnt/boot
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot # mount /dev/disk/by-label/boot /mnt/boot
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist></listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem><para>If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you </variablelist>
may want to activate swap devices now (<command>swapon </listitem>
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or <listitem>
rather, the build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of <para>
RAM, depending on your configuration. If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you may want to activate
swap devices now (<command>swapon
<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or rather, the
build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of RAM, depending on
your configuration.
<screen> <screen>
# swapon /dev/sda2</screen> # swapon /dev/sda2</screen>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<para>You now need to create a file You now need to create a file
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that specifies the
specifies the intended configuration of the system. This is intended configuration of the system. This is because NixOS has a
because NixOS has a <emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration <emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration model: you create or edit a
model: you create or edit a description of the desired description of the desired configuration of your system, and then NixOS
configuration of your system, and then NixOS takes care of making takes care of making it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file
it happen. The syntax of the NixOS configuration file is is described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a list of
described in <xref linkend="sec-configuration-syntax"/>, while a available configuration options appears in
list of available configuration options appears in <xref <xref
linkend="ch-options"/>. A minimal example is shown in <xref linkend="ch-options"/>. A minimal example is shown in
linkend="ex-config"/>.</para> <xref
linkend="ex-config"/>.
<para>The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can </para>
generate an initial configuration file for you: <para>
The command <command>nixos-generate-config</command> can generate an
initial configuration file for you:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen> # nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
You should then edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>
You should then edit to suit your needs:
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> to suit your
needs:
<screen> <screen>
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix # nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
</screen> </screen>
If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be available
If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be (such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network access, you can also
available (such as <command>vim</command>). If you have network install other editors — for instance, you can install Emacs by running
access, you can also install other editors — for instance, you can <literal>nix-env -i emacs</literal>.
install Emacs by running <literal>nix-env -i </para>
emacs</literal>.</para> <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term>BIOS systems</term>
<listitem>
<varlistentry><term>BIOS systems</term> <para>
<listitem><para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.device"/> to specify on which disk
the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot the GRUB boot loader is to be installed. Without it, NixOS cannot boot.
boot.</para></listitem></varlistentry> </para>
</listitem>
<varlistentry><term>UEFI systems</term> </varlistentry>
<listitem><para>You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option <varlistentry>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to <literal>true</literal>. <term>UEFI systems</term>
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> should do this automatically for new <listitem>
configurations when booted in <para>
UEFI mode.</para> You <emphasis>must</emphasis> set the option
<para>You may want to look at the options starting with <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable"/> to
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option> and <literal>true</literal>. <command>nixos-generate-config</command> should
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option> as well. do this automatically for new configurations when booted in UEFI mode.
</para> </para>
</listitem> <para>
</varlistentry> You may want to look at the options starting with
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables">boot.loader.efi</link></option>
</variablelist> and
<option><link linkend="opt-boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable">boot.loader.systemd</link></option>
<para>If there are other operating systems running on the machine before as well.
installing NixOS, the </para>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/> option can be set to </listitem>
<literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to the grub menu.</para> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, <para>
specifying the file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. If there are other operating systems running on the machine before
However, you typically don’t need to set it yourself, because installing NixOS, the <xref linkend="opt-boot.loader.grub.useOSProber"/>
option can be set to <literal>true</literal> to automatically add them to
the grub menu.
</para>
<para>
Another critical option is <option>fileSystems</option>, specifying the
file systems that need to be mounted by NixOS. However, you typically
don’t need to set it yourself, because
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in <command>nixos-generate-config</command> sets it automatically in
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> from your
from your currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file currently mounted file systems. (The configuration file
<filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from <filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> is included from
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and will be overwritten by future
future invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; invocations of <command>nixos-generate-config</command>; thus, you
thus, you generally should not modify it.)</para> generally should not modify it.)
</para>
<note><para>Depending on your hardware configuration or type of <note>
file system, you may need to set the option <para>
<option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to include the kernel Depending on your hardware configuration or type of file system, you may
modules that are necessary for mounting the root file system, need to set the option <option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> to
otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this include the kernel modules that are necessary for mounting the root file
happens, boot from the CD again, mount the target file system on system, otherwise the installed system will not be able to boot. (If this
<filename>/mnt</filename>, fix happens, boot from the CD again, mount the target file system on
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun <filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
<filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases, <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the <filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
required modules.</para></note> <command>nixos-generate-config</command> will figure out the required
modules.
</para>
</note>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>Do the installation: <para>
Do the installation:
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-install</screen> # nixos-install</screen>
Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as a network
Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary cache), you can just
a network issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. Otherwise, fix your
cache), you can just re-run <command>nixos-install</command>. <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and then re-run
Otherwise, fix your <filename>configuration.nix</filename> and <command>nixos-install</command>.
then re-run <command>nixos-install</command>.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask As the last step, <command>nixos-install</command> will ask you to set the
you to set the password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g. password for the <literal>root</literal> user, e.g.
<screen>
<screen>
setting root password... setting root password...
Enter new UNIX password: *** Enter new UNIX password: ***
Retype new UNIX password: *** Retype new UNIX password: ***
</screen> </screen>
<note> <note>
<para> <para>
To prevent the password prompt, set <code><xref linkend="opt-users.mutableUsers"/> = false;</code> in To prevent the password prompt, set
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>, which allows unattended installation <code><xref linkend="opt-users.mutableUsers"/> = false;</code> in
necessary in automation. <filename>configuration.nix</filename>, which allows unattended
</para> installation necessary in automation.
</para>
</note> </note>
</para>
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>If everything went well: <para>
If everything went well:
<screen> <screen>
# reboot</screen> # reboot</screen>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<para>You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The You should now be able to boot into the installed NixOS. The GRUB boot menu
GRUB boot menu shows a list of <emphasis>available shows a list of <emphasis>available configurations</emphasis> (initially
configurations</emphasis> (initially just one). Every time you just one). Every time you change the NixOS configuration (see
change the NixOS configuration (see <link <link
linkend="sec-changing-config">Changing Configuration</link> ), a linkend="sec-changing-config">Changing Configuration</link>
new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back ), a new item is added to the menu. This allows you to easily roll back to
to a previous configuration if something goes wrong.</para> a previous configuration if something goes wrong.
</para>
<para>You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> <para>
password with <command>passwd</command>.</para> You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal> password with
<command>passwd</command>.
<para>You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, </para>
which can be done with <command>useradd</command>: <para>
You’ll probably want to create some user accounts as well, which can be
done with <command>useradd</command>:
<screen> <screen>
$ useradd -c 'Eelco Dolstra' -m eelco $ useradd -c 'Eelco Dolstra' -m eelco
$ passwd eelco</screen> $ passwd eelco</screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
You may also want to install some software. For instance,
<para>You may also want to install some software. For instance,
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env -qa \*</screen> $ nix-env -qa \*</screen>
shows what packages are available, and shows what packages are available, and
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-env -i w3m</screen> $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.
install the <literal>w3m</literal> browser.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</orderedlist>
</orderedlist> <para>
To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical sequence
<para>To summarise, <xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
typical sequence of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
drive (here <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config" /> shows a
/> shows a corresponding configuration Nix expression.</para> corresponding configuration Nix expression.
</para>
<example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'><title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title> <example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'>
<title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
<screen> <screen>
# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation> # fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
-- for UEFI systems only -- for UEFI systems only
@ -372,10 +407,10 @@ drive (here <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix # nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
# nixos-install # nixos-install
# reboot</screen> # reboot</screen>
</example> </example>
<example xml:id='ex-config'>
<example xml:id='ex-config'><title>NixOS Configuration</title> <title>NixOS Configuration</title>
<screen> <screen>
{ config, pkgs, ... }: { { config, pkgs, ... }: {
imports = [ imports = [
# Include the results of the hardware scan. # Include the results of the hardware scan.
@ -394,11 +429,9 @@ drive (here <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
services.sshd.enable = true; services.sshd.enable = true;
} }
</screen> </screen>
</example> </example>
<xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" />
<xi:include href="installing-usb.xml" /> <xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" />
<xi:include href="installing-pxe.xml" /> <xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" />
<xi:include href="installing-virtualbox-guest.xml" /> <xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
<xi:include href="installing-from-other-distro.xml" />
</chapter> </chapter>

84
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@ -3,46 +3,52 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-obtaining"> xml:id="sec-obtaining">
<title>Obtaining NixOS</title>
<title>Obtaining NixOS</title> <para>
NixOS ISO images can be downloaded from the
<para>NixOS ISO images can be downloaded from the <link <link
xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">NixOS xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">NixOS download
download page</link>. There are a number of installation options. If page</link>. There are a number of installation options. If you happen to
you happen to have an optical drive and a spare CD, burning the have an optical drive and a spare CD, burning the image to CD and booting
image to CD and booting from that is probably the easiest option. from that is probably the easiest option. Most people will need to prepare a
Most people will need to prepare a USB stick to boot from. USB stick to boot from. <xref linkend="sec-booting-from-usb"/> describes the
<xref linkend="sec-booting-from-usb"/> describes the preferred method preferred method to prepare a USB stick. A number of alternative methods are
to prepare a USB stick. presented in the
A number of alternative methods are presented in the <link <link
xlink:href="https://nixos.wiki/wiki/NixOS_Installation_Guide#Making_the_installation_media">NixOS xlink:href="https://nixos.wiki/wiki/NixOS_Installation_Guide#Making_the_installation_media">NixOS
Wiki</link>.</para> Wiki</link>.
</para>
<para>As an alternative to installing NixOS yourself, you can get a <para>
running NixOS system through several other means: As an alternative to installing NixOS yourself, you can get a running NixOS
system through several other means:
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Using virtual appliances in Open Virtualization Format (OVF) <para>
that can be imported into VirtualBox. These are available from Using virtual appliances in Open Virtualization Format (OVF) that can be
the <link xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">NixOS imported into VirtualBox. These are available from the
download page</link>.</para> <link xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">NixOS download
</listitem> page</link>.
<listitem> </para>
<para>Using AMIs for Amazon’s EC2. To find one for your region </listitem>
and instance type, please refer to the <link <listitem>
<para>
Using AMIs for Amazon’s EC2. To find one for your region and instance
type, please refer to the
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/virtualisation/ec2-amis.nix">list xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/virtualisation/ec2-amis.nix">list
of most recent AMIs</link>.</para> of most recent AMIs</link>.
</listitem> </para>
<listitem> </listitem>
<para>Using NixOps, the NixOS-based cloud deployment tool, which <listitem>
allows you to provision VirtualBox and EC2 NixOS instances from <para>
declarative specifications. Check out the <link Using NixOps, the NixOS-based cloud deployment tool, which allows you to
provision VirtualBox and EC2 NixOS instances from declarative
specifications. Check out the
<link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixops">NixOps homepage</link> for xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixops">NixOps homepage</link> for
details.</para> details.
</listitem> </para>
</itemizedlist> </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para> </para>
</chapter> </chapter>

202
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@ -2,140 +2,130 @@
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-upgrading"> xml:id="sec-upgrading">
<title>Upgrading NixOS</title>
<title>Upgrading NixOS</title> <para>
The best way to keep your NixOS installation up to date is to use one of the
<para>The best way to keep your NixOS installation up to date is to NixOS <emphasis>channels</emphasis>. A channel is a Nix mechanism for
use one of the NixOS <emphasis>channels</emphasis>. A channel is a distributing Nix expressions and associated binaries. The NixOS channels are
Nix mechanism for distributing Nix expressions and associated updated automatically from NixOS’s Git repository after certain tests have
binaries. The NixOS channels are updated automatically from NixOS’s passed and all packages have been built. These channels are:
Git repository after certain tests have passed and all packages have <itemizedlist>
been built. These channels are: <listitem>
<para>
<itemizedlist> <emphasis>Stable channels</emphasis>, such as
<listitem> <literal
<para><emphasis>Stable channels</emphasis>, such as <literal
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03">nixos-17.03</literal>. xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03">nixos-17.03</literal>.
These only get conservative bug fixes and package upgrades. For These only get conservative bug fixes and package upgrades. For instance,
instance, a channel update may cause the Linux kernel on your a channel update may cause the Linux kernel on your system to be upgraded
system to be upgraded from 4.9.16 to 4.9.17 (a minor bug fix), but from 4.9.16 to 4.9.17 (a minor bug fix), but not from
not from 4.9.<replaceable>x</replaceable> to 4.9.<replaceable>x</replaceable> to 4.11.<replaceable>x</replaceable> (a
4.11.<replaceable>x</replaceable> (a major change that has the major change that has the potential to break things). Stable channels are
potential to break things). Stable channels are generally generally maintained until the next stable branch is created.
maintained until the next stable branch is created.</para> </para>
<para></para> <para></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The <emphasis>unstable channel</emphasis>, <literal <para>
The <emphasis>unstable channel</emphasis>,
<literal
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable">nixos-unstable</literal>. xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable">nixos-unstable</literal>.
This corresponds to NixOS’s main development branch, and may thus This corresponds to NixOS’s main development branch, and may thus see
see radical changes between channel updates. It’s not recommended radical changes between channel updates. It’s not recommended for
for production systems.</para> production systems.
</listitem> </para>
<listitem> </listitem>
<para><emphasis>Small channels</emphasis>, such as <literal <listitem>
<para>
<emphasis>Small channels</emphasis>, such as
<literal
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03-small">nixos-17.03-small</literal> xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03-small">nixos-17.03-small</literal>
or <literal or
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable-small">nixos-unstable-small</literal>. These <literal
are identical to the stable and unstable channels described above, xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable-small">nixos-unstable-small</literal>.
except that they contain fewer binary packages. This means they These are identical to the stable and unstable channels described above,
get updated faster than the regular channels (for instance, when a except that they contain fewer binary packages. This means they get
critical security patch is committed to NixOS’s source tree), but updated faster than the regular channels (for instance, when a critical
may require more packages to be built from source than security patch is committed to NixOS’s source tree), but may require
usual. They’re mostly intended for server environments and as such more packages to be built from source than usual. They’re mostly
contain few GUI applications.</para> intended for server environments and as such contain few GUI applications.
</listitem> </para>
</itemizedlist> </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
To see what channels are available, go to <link To see what channels are available, go to
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels"/>. (Note that the URIs of the <link
various channels redirect to a directory that contains the channel’s xlink:href="https://nixos.org/channels"/>. (Note that the URIs of the
latest version and includes ISO images and VirtualBox various channels redirect to a directory that contains the channel’s latest
appliances.)</para> version and includes ISO images and VirtualBox appliances.)
</para>
<para>When you first install NixOS, you’re automatically subscribed to <para>
the NixOS channel that corresponds to your installation source. For When you first install NixOS, you’re automatically subscribed to the NixOS
instance, if you installed from a 17.03 ISO, you will be subscribed to channel that corresponds to your installation source. For instance, if you
the <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> channel. To see which NixOS installed from a 17.03 ISO, you will be subscribed to the
channel you’re subscribed to, run the following as root: <literal>nixos-17.03</literal> channel. To see which NixOS channel you’re
subscribed to, run the following as root:
<screen> <screen>
# nix-channel --list | grep nixos # nix-channel --list | grep nixos
nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable
</screen> </screen>
To switch to a different NixOS channel, do
To switch to a different NixOS channel, do
<screen> <screen>
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/<replaceable>channel-name</replaceable> nixos # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/<replaceable>channel-name</replaceable> nixos
</screen> </screen>
(Be sure to include the <literal>nixos</literal> parameter at the end.) For
(Be sure to include the <literal>nixos</literal> parameter at the instance, to use the NixOS 17.03 stable channel:
end.) For instance, to use the NixOS 17.03 stable channel:
<screen> <screen>
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03 nixos # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03 nixos
</screen> </screen>
If you have a server, you may want to use the “small” channel instead:
If you have a server, you may want to use the “small” channel instead:
<screen> <screen>
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03-small nixos # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03-small nixos
</screen> </screen>
And if you want to live on the bleeding edge:
And if you want to live on the bleeding edge:
<screen> <screen>
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos # nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> <para>
You can then upgrade NixOS to the latest version in your chosen channel by
<para>You can then upgrade NixOS to the latest version in your chosen running
channel by running
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade # nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
</screen> </screen>
which is equivalent to the more verbose <literal>nix-channel --update nixos;
nixos-rebuild switch</literal>.
</para>
<note>
<para>
Channels are set per user. This means that running <literal> nix-channel
--add</literal> as a non root user (or without sudo) will not affect
configuration in <literal>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>
</para>
</note>
<warning>
<para>
It is generally safe to switch back and forth between channels. The only
exception is that a newer NixOS may also have a newer Nix version, which may
involve an upgrade of Nix’s database schema. This cannot be undone easily,
so in that case you will not be able to go back to your original channel.
</para>
</warning>
<section>
<title>Automatic Upgrades</title>
which is equivalent to the more verbose <literal>nix-channel --update <para>
nixos; nixos-rebuild switch</literal>.</para> You can keep a NixOS system up-to-date automatically by adding the following
to <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
<note><para>Channels are set per user. This means that running <literal>
nix-channel --add</literal> as a non root user (or without sudo) will not
affect configuration in <literal>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</literal>
</para></note>
<warning><para>It is generally safe to switch back and forth between
channels. The only exception is that a newer NixOS may also have a
newer Nix version, which may involve an upgrade of Nix’s database
schema. This cannot be undone easily, so in that case you will not be
able to go back to your original channel.</para></warning>
<section><title>Automatic Upgrades</title>
<para>You can keep a NixOS system up-to-date automatically by adding
the following to <filename>configuration.nix</filename>:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-system.autoUpgrade.enable"/> = true; <xref linkend="opt-system.autoUpgrade.enable"/> = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
This enables a periodically executed systemd service named
This enables a periodically executed systemd service named <literal>nixos-upgrade.service</literal>. It runs <command>nixos-rebuild
<literal>nixos-upgrade.service</literal>. It runs switch --upgrade</command> to upgrade NixOS to the latest version in the
<command>nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade</command> to upgrade NixOS to current channel. (To see when the service runs, see <command>systemctl
the latest version in the current channel. (To see when the service list-timers</command>.) You can also specify a channel explicitly, e.g.
runs, see <command>systemctl list-timers</command>.) You can also
specify a channel explicitly, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
<xref linkend="opt-system.autoUpgrade.channel"/> = https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03; <xref linkend="opt-system.autoUpgrade.channel"/> = https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-17.03;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para> </section>
</section>
</chapter> </chapter>

58
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@ -1,39 +1,31 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><filename>configuration.nix</filename>
<refentrytitle><filename>configuration.nix</filename></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> --> <!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><filename>configuration.nix</filename>
<refname><filename>configuration.nix</filename></refname> </refname><refpurpose>NixOS system configuration specification</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>NixOS system configuration specification</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsection>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
<refsection><title>Description</title> The file <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> contains the
declarative specification of your NixOS system configuration. The command
<para>The file <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> <command>nixos-rebuild</command> takes this file and realises the system
contains the declarative specification of your NixOS system configuration specified therein.
configuration. The command <command>nixos-rebuild</command> takes </para>
this file and realises the system configuration specified </refsection>
therein.</para> <refsection>
<title>Options</title>
</refsection> <para>
You can use the following options in <filename>configuration.nix</filename>.
</para>
<refsection><title>Options</title> <xi:include href="./generated/options-db.xml"
<para>You can use the following options in
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>.</para>
<xi:include href="./generated/options-db.xml"
xpointer="configuration-variable-list" /> xpointer="configuration-variable-list" />
</refsection>
</refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

149
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@ -1,40 +1,39 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><command>nixos-build-vms</command>
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-build-vms</command></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> --> <!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><command>nixos-build-vms</command>
<refname><command>nixos-build-vms</command></refname> </refname><refpurpose>build a network of virtual machines from a network of NixOS configurations</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>build a network of virtual machines from a network of NixOS configurations</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis><command>nixos-build-vms</command>
<refsynopsisdiv> <arg><option>--show-trace</option>
<cmdsynopsis> </arg>
<command>nixos-build-vms</command> <arg><option>--no-out-link</option>
<arg><option>--show-trace</option></arg> </arg>
<arg><option>--no-out-link</option></arg> <arg><option>--help</option>
<arg><option>--help</option></arg> </arg>
<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>network.nix</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>network.nix</replaceable>
</arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<refsection><title>Description</title> <title>Description</title>
<para>
<para>This command builds a network of QEMU-KVM virtual machines of a Nix expression This command builds a network of QEMU-KVM virtual machines of a Nix
specifying a network of NixOS machines. The virtual network can be started by expression specifying a network of NixOS machines. The virtual network can
executing the <filename>bin/run-vms</filename> shell script that is generated by be started by executing the <filename>bin/run-vms</filename> shell script
this command. By default, a <filename>result</filename> symlink is produced that that is generated by this command. By default, a <filename>result</filename>
points to the generated virtual network. symlink is produced that points to the generated virtual network.
</para> </para>
<para>
<para>A network Nix expression has the following structure: A network Nix expression has the following structure:
<screen> <screen>
{ {
test1 = {pkgs, config, ...}: test1 = {pkgs, config, ...}:
@ -58,53 +57,53 @@ points to the generated virtual network.
}; };
} }
</screen> </screen>
Each attribute in the expression represents a machine in the network (e.g.
Each attribute in the expression represents a machine in the network <varname>test1</varname> and <varname>test2</varname>) referring to a
(e.g. <varname>test1</varname> and <varname>test2</varname>) function defining a NixOS configuration. In each NixOS configuration, two
referring to a function defining a NixOS configuration. attributes have a special meaning. The
In each NixOS configuration, two attributes have a special meaning. <varname>deployment.targetHost</varname> specifies the address (domain name
The <varname>deployment.targetHost</varname> specifies the address or IP address) of the system which is used by <command>ssh</command> to
(domain name or IP address) perform remote deployment operations. The
of the system which is used by <command>ssh</command> to perform <varname>nixpkgs.localSystem.system</varname> attribute can be used to
remote deployment operations. The <varname>nixpkgs.localSystem.system</varname> specify an architecture for the target machine, such as
attribute can be used to specify an architecture for the target machine, <varname>i686-linux</varname> which builds a 32-bit NixOS configuration.
such as <varname>i686-linux</varname> which builds a 32-bit NixOS Omitting this property will build the configuration for the same
configuration. Omitting this property will build the configuration architecture as the host system.
for the same architecture as the host system. </para>
</para> </refsection>
<refsection>
</refsection> <title>Options</title>
<para>
<refsection><title>Options</title> This command accepts the following options:
</para>
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para> <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term><option>--show-trace</option>
</term>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--show-trace</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Shows a trace of the output.</para> <para>
Shows a trace of the output.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--no-out-link</option>
<term><option>--no-out-link</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Do not create a 'result' symlink.</para> <para>
Do not create a 'result' symlink.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>
<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Shows the usage of this command to the user.</para> <para>
Shows the usage of this command to the user.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</variablelist> </refsection>
</refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

194
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@ -1,119 +1,119 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><command>nixos-enter</command>
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-enter</command></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> --> <!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><command>nixos-enter</command>
<refname><command>nixos-enter</command></refname> </refname><refpurpose>run a command in a NixOS chroot environment</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>run a command in a NixOS chroot environment</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis><command>nixos-enter</command>
<refsynopsisdiv> <arg>
<cmdsynopsis> <arg choice='plain'><option>--root</option>
<command>nixos-enter</command> </arg><replaceable>root</replaceable>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--root</option></arg> <arg>
<replaceable>root</replaceable> <arg choice='plain'><option>--system</option>
</arg> </arg><replaceable>system</replaceable>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--system</option></arg> <arg>
<replaceable>system</replaceable> <arg choice='plain'><option>-c</option>
</arg> </arg><replaceable>shell-command</replaceable>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>-c</option></arg> <arg>
<replaceable>shell-command</replaceable> <arg choice='plain'><option>--help</option>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--help</option></arg>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--</option></arg>
<replaceable>arguments</replaceable>
</arg> </arg>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--</option>
</arg><replaceable>arguments</replaceable>
</arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<title>Description</title>
<refsection><title>Description</title> <para>
This command runs a command in a NixOS chroot environment, that is, in a
<para>This command runs a command in a NixOS chroot environment, that filesystem hierarchy previously prepared using
is, in a filesystem hierarchy previously prepared using <command>nixos-install</command>.
<command>nixos-install</command>.</para> </para>
</refsection>
</refsection> <refsection>
<title>Options</title>
<refsection><title>Options</title> <para>
This command accepts the following options:
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para> </para>
<variablelist>
<variablelist> <varlistentry>
<term><option>--root</option>
<varlistentry> </term>
<term><option>--root</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The path to the NixOS system you want to enter. It defaults to <filename>/mnt</filename>.</para> <para>
The path to the NixOS system you want to enter. It defaults to
<filename>/mnt</filename>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--system</option>
<term><option>--system</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The NixOS system configuration to use. It defaults to <para>
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>. You can enter The NixOS system configuration to use. It defaults to
a previous NixOS configuration by specifying a path such as <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>. You can enter a
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system-106-link</filename>.</para> previous NixOS configuration by specifying a path such as
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system-106-link</filename>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--command</option>
<term><option>--command</option></term> </term>
<term><option>-c</option></term> <term><option>-c</option>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The bash command to execute.</para> <para>
The bash command to execute.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--</option>
<term><option>--</option></term> </term>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>Interpret the remaining arguments as the program <para>
name and arguments to be invoked. The program is not executed in a Interpret the remaining arguments as the program name and arguments to be
shell.</para></listitem> invoked. The program is not executed in a shell.
</para>
</varlistentry> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</refsection>
</refsection> <refsection>
<title>Examples</title>
<para>
<refsection><title>Examples</title> Start an interactive shell in the NixOS installation in
<filename>/mnt</filename>:
<para>Start an interactive shell in the NixOS installation in </para>
<filename>/mnt</filename>:</para>
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-enter /mnt # nixos-enter /mnt
</screen> </screen>
<para>
<para>Run a shell command:</para> Run a shell command:
</para>
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-enter -c 'ls -l /; cat /proc/mounts' # nixos-enter -c 'ls -l /; cat /proc/mounts'
</screen> </screen>
<para>
<para>Run a non-shell command:</para> Run a non-shell command:
</para>
<screen> <screen>
# nixos-enter -- cat /proc/mounts # nixos-enter -- cat /proc/mounts
</screen> </screen>
</refsection>
</refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

289
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@ -1,152 +1,149 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><command>nixos-generate-config</command>
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-generate-config</command></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> --> <!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><command>nixos-generate-config</command>
<refname><command>nixos-generate-config</command></refname> </refname><refpurpose>generate NixOS configuration modules</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>generate NixOS configuration modules</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis><command>nixos-generate-config</command>
<refsynopsisdiv> <arg><option>--force</option>
<cmdsynopsis> </arg>
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> <arg>
<arg><option>--force</option></arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>--root</option>
<arg> </arg><replaceable>root</replaceable>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--root</option></arg> </arg>
<replaceable>root</replaceable> <arg>
</arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>--dir</option>
<arg> </arg><replaceable>dir</replaceable>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--dir</option></arg> </arg>
<replaceable>dir</replaceable>
</arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<title>Description</title>
<refsection><title>Description</title> <para>
This command writes two NixOS configuration modules:
<para>This command writes two NixOS configuration modules: <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term><option>/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</option>
</term>
<varlistentry> <listitem>
<term><option>/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</option></term> <para>
This module sets NixOS configuration options based on your current
hardware configuration. In particular, it sets the
<option>fileSystem</option> option to reflect all currently mounted file
systems, the <option>swapDevices</option> option to reflect active swap
devices, and the <option>boot.initrd.*</option> options to ensure that
the initial ramdisk contains any kernel modules necessary for mounting
the root file system.
</para>
<para>
If this file already exists, it is overwritten. Thus, you should not
modify it manually. Rather, you should include it from your
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, and re-run
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> to update it whenever your
hardware configuration changes.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
This is the main NixOS system configuration module. If it already
exists, it’s left unchanged. Otherwise,
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will write a template for you
to customise.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Options</title>
<para>
This command accepts the following options:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--root</option>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>This module sets NixOS configuration options based on your <para>
current hardware configuration. In particular, it sets the If this option is given, treat the directory
<option>fileSystem</option> option to reflect all currently <replaceable>root</replaceable> as the root of the file system. This
mounted file systems, the <option>swapDevices</option> option to means that configuration files will be written to
reflect active swap devices, and the <filename><replaceable>root</replaceable>/etc/nixos</filename>, and that
<option>boot.initrd.*</option> options to ensure that the any file systems outside of <replaceable>root</replaceable> are ignored
initial ramdisk contains any kernel modules necessary for for the purpose of generating the <option>fileSystems</option> option.
mounting the root file system.</para> </para>
<para>If this file already exists, it is overwritten. Thus, you
should not modify it manually. Rather, you should include it
from your <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, and
re-run <command>nixos-generate-config</command> to update it
whenever your hardware configuration changes.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--dir</option>
<term><option>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>This is the main NixOS system configuration module. If it <para>
already exists, it’s left unchanged. Otherwise, If this option is given, write the configuration files to the directory
<command>nixos-generate-config</command> will write a template <replaceable>dir</replaceable> instead of
for you to customise.</para> <filename>/etc/nixos</filename>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
</variablelist> <term><option>--force</option>
</term>
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection><title>Options</title>
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--root</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>If this option is given, treat the directory <para>
<replaceable>root</replaceable> as the root of the file system. Overwrite <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> if it already
This means that configuration files will be written to exists.
<filename><replaceable>root</replaceable>/etc/nixos</filename>, </para>
and that any file systems outside of
<replaceable>root</replaceable> are ignored for the purpose of
generating the <option>fileSystems</option> option.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--no-filesystems</option>
<term><option>--dir</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>If this option is given, write the configuration files to <para>
the directory <replaceable>dir</replaceable> instead of Omit everything concerning file systems and swap devices from the
<filename>/etc/nixos</filename>.</para> hardware configuration.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--show-hardware-config</option>
<term><option>--force</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Overwrite <para>
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> if it already Don't generate <filename>configuration.nix</filename> or
exists.</para> <filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> and print the hardware
configuration to stdout only.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<varlistentry> </refsection>
<term><option>--no-filesystems</option></term> <refsection>
<listitem> <title>Examples</title>
<para>Omit everything concerning file systems and swap devices <para>
from the hardware configuration.</para> This command is typically used during NixOS installation to write initial
</listitem> configuration modules. For example, if you created and mounted the target
</varlistentry> file systems on <filename>/mnt</filename> and
<filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, you would run:
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--show-hardware-config</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Don't generate <filename>configuration.nix</filename> or
<filename>hardware-configuration.nix</filename> and print the
hardware configuration to stdout only.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection>
<refsection><title>Examples</title>
<para>This command is typically used during NixOS installation to
write initial configuration modules. For example, if you created and
mounted the target file systems on <filename>/mnt</filename> and
<filename>/mnt/boot</filename>, you would run:
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-generate-config --root /mnt $ nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
</screen> </screen>
The resulting file
The resulting file <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> might look
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename> might like this:
look like this:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
# Do not modify this file! It was generated by ‘nixos-generate-config’ # Do not modify this file! It was generated by ‘nixos-generate-config’
# and may be overwritten by future invocations. Please make changes # and may be overwritten by future invocations. Please make changes
@ -181,28 +178,22 @@ look like this:
nix.maxJobs = 8; nix.maxJobs = 8;
} }
</programlisting> </programlisting>
It will also create a basic
It will also create a basic <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, which you should edit
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, which you to customise the logical configuration of your system. This file includes
should edit to customise the logical configuration of your system. the result of the hardware scan as follows:
This file includes the result of the hardware scan as follows:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
imports = [ ./hardware-configuration.nix ]; imports = [ ./hardware-configuration.nix ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
<para>
<para>After installation, if your hardware configuration changes, you After installation, if your hardware configuration changes, you can run:
can run:
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-generate-config $ nixos-generate-config
</screen> </screen>
to update <filename>/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename>. Your
to update <filename>/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename>. <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> will
Your <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be overwritten.
<emphasis>not</emphasis> be overwritten.</para> </para>
</refsection>
</refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

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@ -1,201 +1,221 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><command>nixos-install</command>
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-install</command></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> --> <!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><command>nixos-install</command>
<refname><command>nixos-install</command></refname> </refname><refpurpose>install bootloader and NixOS</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>install bootloader and NixOS</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis><command>nixos-install</command>
<refsynopsisdiv> <arg>
<cmdsynopsis> <arg choice='plain'><option>-I</option>
<command>nixos-install</command> </arg><replaceable>path</replaceable>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>-I</option></arg> <arg>
<replaceable>path</replaceable> <arg choice='plain'><option>--root</option>
</arg><replaceable>root</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--system</option>
</arg><replaceable>path</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--no-channel-copy</option>
</arg> </arg>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--root</option></arg> <arg>
<replaceable>root</replaceable> <arg choice='plain'><option>--no-root-passwd</option>
</arg> </arg>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--system</option></arg> <arg>
<replaceable>path</replaceable> <arg choice='plain'><option>--no-bootloader</option>
</arg> </arg>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--no-channel-copy</option></arg> <arg><group choice='req'>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--max-jobs</option>
</arg> </arg>
<arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>-j</option>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--no-root-passwd</option></arg> </arg></group><replaceable>number</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg><option>--cores</option><replaceable>number</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg><option>--option</option><replaceable>name</replaceable><replaceable>value</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--show-trace</option>
</arg> </arg>
<arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--no-bootloader</option></arg> <arg>
</arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>--help</option>
<arg>
<group choice='req'>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--max-jobs</option></arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>-j</option></arg>
</group>
<replaceable>number</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<option>--cores</option>
<replaceable>number</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<option>--option</option>
<replaceable>name</replaceable>
<replaceable>value</replaceable>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--show-trace</option></arg>
</arg>
<arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--help</option></arg>
</arg> </arg>
</arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<title>Description</title>
<refsection><title>Description</title> <para>
This command installs NixOS in the file system mounted on
<para>This command installs NixOS in the file system mounted on <filename>/mnt</filename>, based on the NixOS configuration specified in
<filename>/mnt</filename>, based on the NixOS configuration specified <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. It performs the
in <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. It performs following steps:
the following steps: <itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>It copies Nix and its dependencies to
<filename>/mnt/nix/store</filename>.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>It runs Nix in <filename>/mnt</filename> to build
the NixOS configuration specified in
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>It installs the GRUB boot loader on the device
specified in the option <option>boot.loader.grub.device</option>
(unless <option>--no-bootloader</option> is specified),
and generates a GRUB configuration file that boots into the NixOS
configuration just installed.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>It prompts you for a password for the root account
(unless <option>--no-root-passwd</option> is specified).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>This command is idempotent: if it is interrupted or fails due to
a temporary problem (e.g. a network issue), you can safely re-run
it.</para>
</refsection>
<refsection><title>Options</title>
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--root</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Defaults to <filename>/mnt</filename>. If this option is given, treat the directory <para>
<replaceable>root</replaceable> as the root of the NixOS installation. It copies Nix and its dependencies to
</para> <filename>/mnt/nix/store</filename>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--system</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>If this option is provided, <command>nixos-install</command> will install the specified closure <para>
rather than attempt to build one from <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.</para> It runs Nix in <filename>/mnt</filename> to build the NixOS configuration
specified in <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.
<para>The closure must be an appropriately configured NixOS system, with boot loader and partition </para>
configuration that fits the target host. Such a closure is typically obtained with a command such as
<command>nix-build -I nixos-config=./configuration.nix '&lt;nixos&gt;' -A system --no-out-link</command>
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-I</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Add a path to the Nix expression search path. This option may be given multiple times. <para>
See the NIX_PATH environment variable for information on the semantics of the Nix search path. It installs the GRUB boot loader on the device specified in the option
Paths added through <replaceable>-I</replaceable> take precedence over NIX_PATH.</para> <option>boot.loader.grub.device</option> (unless
<option>--no-bootloader</option> is specified), and generates a GRUB
configuration file that boots into the NixOS configuration just
installed.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--max-jobs</option></term>
<term><option>-j</option></term>
<listitem><para>Sets the maximum number of build jobs that Nix will
perform in parallel to the specified number. The default is <literal>1</literal>.
A higher value is useful on SMP systems or to exploit I/O latency.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--cores</option></term>
<listitem><para>Sets the value of the <envar>NIX_BUILD_CORES</envar>
environment variable in the invocation of builders. Builders can
use this variable at their discretion to control the maximum amount
of parallelism. For instance, in Nixpkgs, if the derivation
attribute <varname>enableParallelBuilding</varname> is set to
<literal>true</literal>, the builder passes the
<option>-j<replaceable>N</replaceable></option> flag to GNU Make.
The value <literal>0</literal> means that the builder should use all
available CPU cores in the system.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>--option</option> <replaceable>name</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable></term>
<listitem><para>Set the Nix configuration option
<replaceable>name</replaceable> to <replaceable>value</replaceable>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--show-trace</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Causes Nix to print out a stack trace in case of Nix expression evaluation errors.</para> <para>
It prompts you for a password for the root account (unless
<option>--no-root-passwd</option> is specified).
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </itemizedlist>
</para>
<varlistentry> <para>
<term><option>--help</option></term> This command is idempotent: if it is interrupted or fails due to a temporary
problem (e.g. a network issue), you can safely re-run it.
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Options</title>
<para>
This command accepts the following options:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--root</option>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Synonym for <command>man nixos-install</command>.</para> <para>
Defaults to <filename>/mnt</filename>. If this option is given, treat the
directory <replaceable>root</replaceable> as the root of the NixOS
installation.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
</variablelist> <term><option>--system</option>
</term>
</refsection> <listitem>
<para>
If this option is provided, <command>nixos-install</command> will install
<refsection><title>Examples</title> the specified closure rather than attempt to build one from
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.
<para>A typical NixOS installation is done by creating and mounting a </para>
file system on <filename>/mnt</filename>, generating a NixOS <para>
configuration in The closure must be an appropriately configured NixOS system, with boot
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, and running loader and partition configuration that fits the target host. Such a
<command>nixos-install</command>. For instance, if we want to install closure is typically obtained with a command such as <command>nix-build
NixOS on an <literal>ext4</literal> file system created in -I nixos-config=./configuration.nix '&lt;nixos&gt;' -A system
<filename>/dev/sda1</filename>: --no-out-link</command>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-I</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a path to the Nix expression search path. This option may be given
multiple times. See the NIX_PATH environment variable for information on
the semantics of the Nix search path. Paths added through
<replaceable>-I</replaceable> take precedence over NIX_PATH.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--max-jobs</option>
</term>
<term><option>-j</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the maximum number of build jobs that Nix will perform in parallel
to the specified number. The default is <literal>1</literal>. A higher
value is useful on SMP systems or to exploit I/O latency.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--cores</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the value of the <envar>NIX_BUILD_CORES</envar> environment variable
in the invocation of builders. Builders can use this variable at their
discretion to control the maximum amount of parallelism. For instance, in
Nixpkgs, if the derivation attribute
<varname>enableParallelBuilding</varname> is set to
<literal>true</literal>, the builder passes the
<option>-j<replaceable>N</replaceable></option> flag to GNU Make. The
value <literal>0</literal> means that the builder should use all
available CPU cores in the system.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--option</option><replaceable>name</replaceable><replaceable>value</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the Nix configuration option <replaceable>name</replaceable> to
<replaceable>value</replaceable>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--show-trace</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Causes Nix to print out a stack trace in case of Nix expression
evaluation errors.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--help</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Synonym for <command>man nixos-install</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Examples</title>
<para>
A typical NixOS installation is done by creating and mounting a file system
on <filename>/mnt</filename>, generating a NixOS configuration in
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, and running
<command>nixos-install</command>. For instance, if we want to install NixOS
on an <literal>ext4</literal> file system created in
<filename>/dev/sda1</filename>:
<screen> <screen>
$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 $ mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
$ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt $ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
@ -204,9 +224,6 @@ $ # edit /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
$ nixos-install $ nixos-install
$ reboot $ reboot
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para> </refsection>
</refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

189
nixos/doc/manual/man-nixos-option.xml
View File

@ -1,103 +1,96 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><command>nixos-option</command>
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-option</command></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> --> <!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><command>nixos-option</command>
<refname><command>nixos-option</command></refname> </refname><refpurpose>inspect a NixOS configuration</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>inspect a NixOS configuration</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis><command>nixos-option</command>
<refsynopsisdiv> <arg><option>-I</option><replaceable>path</replaceable>
<cmdsynopsis> </arg>
<command>nixos-option</command> <arg><option>--verbose</option>
<arg> </arg>
<option>-I</option> <arg><option>--xml</option>
<replaceable>path</replaceable> </arg>
</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>option.name</replaceable>
<arg><option>--verbose</option></arg> </arg>
<arg><option>--xml</option></arg>
<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>option.name</replaceable></arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<refsection><title>Description</title> <title>Description</title>
<para>
<para>This command evaluates the configuration specified in This command evaluates the configuration specified in
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and returns the properties <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and returns the properties
of the option name given as argument.</para> of the option name given as argument.
</para>
<para>When the option name is not an option, the command prints the list of <para>
attributes contained in the attribute set.</para> When the option name is not an option, the command prints the list of
attributes contained in the attribute set.
</refsection> </para>
</refsection>
<refsection><title>Options</title> <refsection>
<title>Options</title>
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para> <para>
This command accepts the following options:
<variablelist> </para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>-I</option> <replaceable>path</replaceable></term> <term><option>-I</option><replaceable>path</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This option is passed to the underlying This option is passed to the underlying
<command>nix-instantiate</command> invocation. <command>nix-instantiate</command> invocation.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--verbose</option>
<term><option>--verbose</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This option enables verbose mode, which currently is just This option enables verbose mode, which currently is just the Bash
the Bash <command>set</command> <option>-x</option> debug mode. <command>set</command> <option>-x</option> debug mode.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--xml</option>
<term><option>--xml</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This option causes the output to be rendered as XML. This option causes the output to be rendered as XML.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</variablelist> </refsection>
<refsection>
</refsection> <title>Environment</title>
<variablelist>
<refsection><title>Environment</title> <varlistentry>
<term><envar>NIXOS_CONFIG</envar>
<variablelist> </term>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>NIXOS_CONFIG</envar></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Path to the main NixOS configuration module. Defaults to <para>
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.</para> Path to the main NixOS configuration module. Defaults to
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</variablelist> </refsection>
<refsection>
</refsection> <title>Examples</title>
<para>
Investigate option values:
<refsection><title>Examples</title>
<para>Investigate option values:
<screen>$ nixos-option boot.loader <screen>$ nixos-option boot.loader
This attribute set contains: This attribute set contains:
generationsDir generationsDir
@ -119,16 +112,14 @@ Declared by:
Defined by: Defined by:
"/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos/nixpkgs/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/grub.nix" "/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos/nixpkgs/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/grub/grub.nix"
</screen></para> </screen>
</para>
</refsection> </refsection>
<refsection>
<refsection><title>Bugs</title> <title>Bugs</title>
<para>
<para>The author listed in the following section is wrong. If there is any The author listed in the following section is wrong. If there is any other
other bug, please report to Nicolas Pierron.</para> bug, please report to Nicolas Pierron.
</para>
</refsection> </refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

734
nixos/doc/manual/man-nixos-rebuild.xml
View File

@ -1,399 +1,415 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><command>nixos-rebuild</command>
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-rebuild</command></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
<!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> --> <!-- <refmiscinfo class="version"><xi:include href="version.txt" parse="text"/></refmiscinfo> -->
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><command>nixos-rebuild</command>
<refname><command>nixos-rebuild</command></refname> </refname><refpurpose>reconfigure a NixOS machine</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>reconfigure a NixOS machine</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis><command>nixos-rebuild</command><group choice='req'>
<refsynopsisdiv> <arg choice='plain'><option>switch</option>
<cmdsynopsis> </arg>
<command>nixos-rebuild</command> <arg choice='plain'><option>boot</option>
<group choice='req'> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>switch</option></arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>test</option>
<arg choice='plain'><option>boot</option></arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>test</option></arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>build</option>
<arg choice='plain'><option>build</option></arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>dry-build</option></arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>dry-build</option>
<arg choice='plain'><option>dry-activate</option></arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm</option></arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>dry-activate</option>
<arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option></arg> </arg>
</group> <arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm</option>
<sbr /> </arg>
<arg><option>--upgrade</option></arg> <arg choice='plain'><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option>
<arg><option>--install-bootloader</option></arg> </arg></group>
<arg><option>--no-build-nix</option></arg> <sbr />
<arg><option>--fast</option></arg> <arg><option>--upgrade</option>
<arg><option>--rollback</option></arg> </arg>
<sbr /> <arg><option>--install-bootloader</option>
<arg> </arg>
<group choice='req'> <arg><option>--no-build-nix</option>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--profile-name</option></arg> </arg>
<arg choice='plain'><option>-p</option></arg> <arg><option>--fast</option>
</group> </arg>
<replaceable>name</replaceable> <arg><option>--rollback</option>
</arg>
<sbr />
<arg><group choice='req'>
<arg choice='plain'><option>--profile-name</option>
</arg> </arg>
<sbr /> <arg choice='plain'><option>-p</option>
<arg><option>--show-trace</option></arg> </arg></group><replaceable>name</replaceable>
</arg>
<sbr />
<arg><option>--show-trace</option>
</arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<title>Description</title>
<refsection><title>Description</title> <para>
This command updates the system so that it corresponds to the configuration
<para>This command updates the system so that it corresponds to the specified in <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. Thus, every
configuration specified in time you modify <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> or any
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>. Thus, every time NixOS module, you must run <command>nixos-rebuild</command> to make the
you modify <filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> or any changes take effect. It builds the new system in
NixOS module, you must run <command>nixos-rebuild</command> to make <filename>/nix/store</filename>, runs its activation script, and stop and
the changes take effect. It builds the new system in (re)starts any system services if needed.
<filename>/nix/store</filename>, runs its activation script, and stop </para>
and (re)starts any system services if needed.</para> <para>
This command has one required argument, which specifies the desired
<para>This command has one required argument, which specifies the operation. It must be one of the following:
desired operation. It must be one of the following: <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term><option>switch</option>
</term>
<varlistentry> <listitem>
<term><option>switch</option></term> <para>
<listitem> Build and activate the new configuration, and make it the boot default.
<para>Build and activate the new configuration, and make it the That is, the configuration is added to the GRUB boot menu as the default
boot default. That is, the configuration is added to the GRUB menu entry, so that subsequent reboots will boot the system into the new
boot menu as the default menu entry, so that subsequent reboots configuration. Previous configurations activated with
will boot the system into the new configuration. Previous <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> or <command>nixos-rebuild
configurations activated with <command>nixos-rebuild boot</command> remain available in the GRUB menu.
switch</command> or <command>nixos-rebuild boot</command> remain </para>
available in the GRUB menu.</para> </listitem>
</listitem> </varlistentry>
</varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>boot</option>
<varlistentry> </term>
<term><option>boot</option></term> <listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>Build the new configuration and make it the boot default Build the new configuration and make it the boot default (as with
(as with <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>), but do not <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>), but do not activate it. That
activate it. That is, the system continues to run the previous is, the system continues to run the previous configuration until the
configuration until the next reboot.</para> next reboot.
</listitem> </para>
</varlistentry> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>test</option></term> <term><option>test</option>
<listitem> </term>
<para>Build and activate the new configuration, but do not add <listitem>
it to the GRUB boot menu. Thus, if you reboot the system (or if <para>
it crashes), you will automatically revert to the default Build and activate the new configuration, but do not add it to the GRUB
configuration (i.e. the configuration resulting from the last boot menu. Thus, if you reboot the system (or if it crashes), you will
call to <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> or automatically revert to the default configuration (i.e. the
<command>nixos-rebuild boot</command>).</para> configuration resulting from the last call to <command>nixos-rebuild
</listitem> switch</command> or <command>nixos-rebuild boot</command>).
</varlistentry> </para>
</listitem>
<varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<term><option>build</option></term> <varlistentry>
<listitem> <term><option>build</option>
<para>Build the new configuration, but neither activate it nor </term>
add it to the GRUB boot menu. It leaves a symlink named <listitem>
<filename>result</filename> in the current directory, which <para>
points to the output of the top-level “system” derivation. This Build the new configuration, but neither activate it nor add it to the
is essentially the same as doing GRUB boot menu. It leaves a symlink named <filename>result</filename> in
the current directory, which points to the output of the top-level
“system” derivation. This is essentially the same as doing
<screen> <screen>
$ nix-build /path/to/nixpkgs/nixos -A system $ nix-build /path/to/nixpkgs/nixos -A system
</screen> </screen>
Note that you do not need to be <literal>root</literal> to run Note that you do not need to be <literal>root</literal> to run
<command>nixos-rebuild build</command>.</para> <command>nixos-rebuild build</command>.
</listitem> </para>
</varlistentry> </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><option>dry-build</option></term> <term><option>dry-build</option>
<listitem> </term>
<para>Show what store paths would be built or downloaded by any <listitem>
of the operations above, but otherwise do nothing.</para> <para>
</listitem> Show what store paths would be built or downloaded by any of the
</varlistentry> operations above, but otherwise do nothing.
</para>
<varlistentry> </listitem>
<term><option>dry-activate</option></term> </varlistentry>
<listitem> <varlistentry>
<para>Build the new configuration, but instead of activating it, <term><option>dry-activate</option>
show what changes would be performed by the activation (i.e. by </term>
<command>nixos-rebuild test</command>). For <listitem>
instance, this command will print which systemd units would be <para>
restarted. The list of changes is not guaranteed to be Build the new configuration, but instead of activating it, show what
complete.</para> changes would be performed by the activation (i.e. by
</listitem> <command>nixos-rebuild test</command>). For instance, this command will
</varlistentry> print which systemd units would be restarted. The list of changes is not
guaranteed to be complete.
<varlistentry> </para>
<term><option>build-vm</option></term> </listitem>
<listitem> </varlistentry>
<para>Build a script that starts a NixOS virtual machine with <varlistentry>
the desired configuration. It leaves a symlink <term><option>build-vm</option>
<filename>result</filename> in the current directory that points </term>
(under <listitem>
<filename>result/bin/run-<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>-vm</filename>) <para>
at the script that starts the VM. Thus, to test a NixOS Build a script that starts a NixOS virtual machine with the desired
configuration in a virtual machine, you should do the following: configuration. It leaves a symlink <filename>result</filename> in the
current directory that points (under
<filename>result/bin/run-<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>-vm</filename>)
at the script that starts the VM. Thus, to test a NixOS configuration in
a virtual machine, you should do the following:
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-rebuild build-vm $ nixos-rebuild build-vm
$ ./result/bin/run-*-vm $ ./result/bin/run-*-vm
</screen></para> </screen>
<para>The VM is implemented using the <literal>qemu</literal>
package. For best performance, you should load the
<literal>kvm-intel</literal> or <literal>kvm-amd</literal>
kernel modules to get hardware virtualisation.</para>
<para>The VM mounts the Nix store of the host through the 9P
file system. The host Nix store is read-only, so Nix commands
that modify the Nix store will not work in the VM. This
includes commands such as <command>nixos-rebuild</command>; to
change the VM’s configuration, you must halt the VM and re-run
the commands above.
</para> </para>
<para>
<para>The VM has its own <literal>ext3</literal> root file The VM is implemented using the <literal>qemu</literal> package. For
system, which is automatically created when the VM is first best performance, you should load the <literal>kvm-intel</literal> or
started, and is persistent across reboots of the VM. It is <literal>kvm-amd</literal> kernel modules to get hardware
stored in virtualisation.
<literal>./<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>.qcow2</literal>.
<!-- The entire file system hierarchy of the host is available in
the VM under <filename>/hostfs</filename>.--></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Like <option>build-vm</option>, but boots using the
regular boot loader of your configuration (e.g., GRUB 1 or 2),
rather than booting directly into the kernel and initial ramdisk
of the system. This allows you to test whether the boot loader
works correctly. However, it does not guarantee that your NixOS
configuration will boot successfully on the host hardware (i.e.,
after running <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command>), because
the hardware and boot loader configuration in the VM are
different. The boot loader is installed on an automatically
generated virtual disk containing a <filename>/boot</filename>
partition, which is mounted read-only in the VM.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection><title>Options</title>
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--upgrade</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Fetch the latest version of NixOS from the NixOS
channel.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--install-bootloader</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>Causes the boot loader to be (re)installed on the
device specified by the relevant configuration options.
</para> </para>
</listitem> <para>
</varlistentry> The VM mounts the Nix store of the host through the 9P file system. The
host Nix store is read-only, so Nix commands that modify the Nix store
<varlistentry> will not work in the VM. This includes commands such as
<term><option>--no-build-nix</option></term> <command>nixos-rebuild</command>; to change the VM’s configuration,
you must halt the VM and re-run the commands above.
</para>
<para>
The VM has its own <literal>ext3</literal> root file system, which is
automatically created when the VM is first started, and is persistent
across reboots of the VM. It is stored in
<literal>./<replaceable>hostname</replaceable>.qcow2</literal>.
<!-- The entire file system hierarchy of the host is available in
the VM under <filename>/hostfs</filename>.-->
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>build-vm-with-bootloader</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Like <option>build-vm</option>, but boots using the regular boot loader
of your configuration (e.g., GRUB 1 or 2), rather than booting directly
into the kernel and initial ramdisk of the system. This allows you to
test whether the boot loader works correctly. However, it does not
guarantee that your NixOS configuration will boot successfully on the
host hardware (i.e., after running <command>nixos-rebuild
switch</command>), because the hardware and boot loader configuration in
the VM are different. The boot loader is installed on an automatically
generated virtual disk containing a <filename>/boot</filename>
partition, which is mounted read-only in the VM.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Options</title>
<para>
This command accepts the following options:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--upgrade</option>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Normally, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> first builds <para>
the <varname>nixUnstable</varname> attribute in Nixpkgs, and Fetch the latest version of NixOS from the NixOS channel.
uses the resulting instance of the Nix package manager to build </para>
the new system configuration. This is necessary if the NixOS
modules use features not provided by the currently installed
version of Nix. This option disables building a new Nix.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--install-bootloader</option>
<term><option>--fast</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Equivalent to <option>--no-build-nix</option> <para>
<option>--show-trace</option>. This option is useful if you Causes the boot loader to be (re)installed on the device specified by the
call <command>nixos-rebuild</command> frequently (e.g. if you’re relevant configuration options.
hacking on a NixOS module).</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--no-build-nix</option>
<term><option>--rollback</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Instead of building a new configuration as specified by <para>
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, roll back to Normally, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> first builds the
the previous configuration. (The previous configuration is <varname>nixUnstable</varname> attribute in Nixpkgs, and uses the
defined as the one before the “current” generation of the resulting instance of the Nix package manager to build the new system
Nix profile <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>.)</para> configuration. This is necessary if the NixOS modules use features not
provided by the currently installed version of Nix. This option disables
building a new Nix.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--fast</option>
<term><option>--profile-name</option></term> </term>
<term><option>-p</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Instead of using the Nix profile <para>
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename> to keep track Equivalent to <option>--no-build-nix</option>
of the current and previous system configurations, use <option>--show-trace</option>. This option is useful if you call
<command>nixos-rebuild</command> frequently (e.g. if you’re hacking on
a NixOS module).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--rollback</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Instead of building a new configuration as specified by
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>, roll back to the
previous configuration. (The previous configuration is defined as the one
before the “current” generation of the Nix profile
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--profile-name</option>
</term>
<term><option>-p</option>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Instead of using the Nix profile
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename> to keep track of the
current and previous system configurations, use
<filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system-profiles/<replaceable>name</replaceable></filename>. <filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system-profiles/<replaceable>name</replaceable></filename>.
When you use GRUB 2, for every system profile created with this When you use GRUB 2, for every system profile created with this flag,
flag, NixOS will create a submenu named “NixOS - Profile NixOS will create a submenu named “NixOS - Profile
'<replaceable>name</replaceable>'” in GRUB’s boot menu, '<replaceable>name</replaceable>'” in GRUB’s boot menu, containing
containing the current and previous configurations of this the current and previous configurations of this profile.
profile.</para> </para>
<para>
<para>For instance, if you want to test a configuration file For instance, if you want to test a configuration file named
named <filename>test.nix</filename> without affecting the <filename>test.nix</filename> without affecting the default system
default system profile, you would do: profile, you would do:
<screen> <screen>
$ nixos-rebuild switch -p test -I nixos-config=./test.nix $ nixos-rebuild switch -p test -I nixos-config=./test.nix
</screen> </screen>
The new configuration will appear in the GRUB 2 submenu “NixOS -
The new configuration will appear in the GRUB 2 submenu “NixOS - Profile Profile 'test'”.
'test'”.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--build-host</option>
<term><option>--build-host</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Instead of building the new configuration locally, use the <para>
specified host to perform the build. The host needs to be accessible Instead of building the new configuration locally, use the specified host
with ssh, and must be able to perform Nix builds. If the option to perform the build. The host needs to be accessible with ssh, and must
be able to perform Nix builds. If the option
<option>--target-host</option> is not set, the build will be copied back <option>--target-host</option> is not set, the build will be copied back
to the local machine when done.</para> to the local machine when done.
</para>
<para>Note that, if <option>--no-build-nix</option> is not specified, <para>
Nix will be built both locally and remotely. This is because the Note that, if <option>--no-build-nix</option> is not specified, Nix will
configuration will always be evaluated locally even though the building be built both locally and remotely. This is because the configuration
might be performed remotely.</para> will always be evaluated locally even though the building might be
performed remotely.
<para>You can include a remote user name in </para>
the host name (<replaceable>user@host</replaceable>). You can also set <para>
ssh options by defining the <envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar> environment You can include a remote user name in the host name
variable.</para> (<replaceable>user@host</replaceable>). You can also set ssh options by
defining the <envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar> environment variable.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry> <term><option>--target-host</option>
<term><option>--target-host</option></term> </term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Specifies the NixOS target host. By setting this to something other <para>
than <replaceable>localhost</replaceable>, the system activation will Specifies the NixOS target host. By setting this to something other than
happen on the remote host instead of the local machine. The remote host <replaceable>localhost</replaceable>, the system activation will happen
needs to be accessible over ssh, and for the commands on the remote host instead of the local machine. The remote host needs to
<option>switch</option>, <option>boot</option> and <option>test</option> be accessible over ssh, and for the commands <option>switch</option>,
you need root access.</para> <option>boot</option> and <option>test</option> you need root access.
</para>
<para>If <option>--build-host</option> is not explicitly <para>
specified, <option>--build-host</option> will implicitly be set to the If <option>--build-host</option> is not explicitly specified,
same value as <option>--target-host</option>. So, if you only specify <option>--build-host</option> will implicitly be set to the same value as
<option>--target-host</option>. So, if you only specify
<option>--target-host</option> both building and activation will take <option>--target-host</option> both building and activation will take
place remotely (and no build artifacts will be copied to the local place remotely (and no build artifacts will be copied to the local
machine).</para> machine).
</para>
<para>You can include a remote user name in <para>
the host name (<replaceable>user@host</replaceable>). You can also set You can include a remote user name in the host name
ssh options by defining the <envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar> environment (<replaceable>user@host</replaceable>). You can also set ssh options by
variable.</para> defining the <envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar> environment variable.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</variablelist> <para>
In addition, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> accepts various Nix-related
<para>In addition, <command>nixos-rebuild</command> accepts various flags, including <option>--max-jobs</option> / <option>-j</option>,
Nix-related flags, including <option>--max-jobs</option> / <option>--show-trace</option>, <option>--keep-failed</option>,
<option>-j</option>, <option>--show-trace</option>, <option>--keep-going</option> and <option>--verbose</option> /
<option>--keep-failed</option>, <option>--keep-going</option> and <option>-v</option>. See the Nix manual for details.
<option>--verbose</option> / <option>-v</option>. See </para>
the Nix manual for details.</para> </refsection>
<refsection>
</refsection> <title>Environment</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<refsection><title>Environment</title> <term><envar>NIXOS_CONFIG</envar>
</term>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><envar>NIXOS_CONFIG</envar></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Path to the main NixOS configuration module. Defaults to <para>
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.</para> Path to the main NixOS configuration module. Defaults to
<filename>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar></term> <term><envar>NIX_SSHOPTS</envar>
</term>
<listitem><para>Additional options to be passed to
<command>ssh</command> on the command line.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection>
<refsection><title>Files</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/run/current-system</filename></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>A symlink to the currently active system configuration in <para>
the Nix store.</para> Additional options to be passed to <command>ssh</command> on the command
line.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<varlistentry> </refsection>
<term><filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename></term> <refsection>
<title>Files</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/run/current-system</filename>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The Nix profile that contains the current and previous <para>
system configurations. Used to generate the GRUB boot A symlink to the currently active system configuration in the Nix store.
menu.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
</variablelist> <term><filename>/nix/var/nix/profiles/system</filename>
</term>
</refsection> <listitem>
<para>
The Nix profile that contains the current and previous system
<refsection><title>Bugs</title> configurations. Used to generate the GRUB boot menu.
</para>
<para>This command should be renamed to something more </listitem>
descriptive.</para> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsection> </refsection>
<refsection>
<title>Bugs</title>
<para>
This command should be renamed to something more descriptive.
</para>
</refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

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@ -1,97 +1,102 @@
<refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <refentry xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refmeta>
<refmeta> <refentrytitle><command>nixos-version</command>
<refentrytitle><command>nixos-version</command></refentrytitle> </refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">NixOS</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta> </refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refnamediv> <refname><command>nixos-version</command>
<refname><command>nixos-version</command></refname> </refname><refpurpose>show the NixOS version</refpurpose>
<refpurpose>show the NixOS version</refpurpose> </refnamediv>
</refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis><command>nixos-version</command>
<refsynopsisdiv> <arg><option>--hash</option>
<cmdsynopsis> </arg>
<command>nixos-version</command> <arg><option>--revision</option>
<arg><option>--hash</option></arg> </arg>
<arg><option>--revision</option></arg>
</cmdsynopsis> </cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv> </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection>
<refsection><title>Description</title> <title>Description</title>
<para>
<para>This command shows the version of the currently active NixOS This command shows the version of the currently active NixOS configuration.
configuration. For example: For example:
<screen>$ nixos-version <screen>$ nixos-version
16.03.1011.6317da4 (Emu) 16.03.1011.6317da4 (Emu)
</screen> </screen>
The version consists of the following elements:
The version consists of the following elements: <variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist> <term><literal>16.03</literal>
</term>
<varlistentry> <listitem>
<term><literal>16.03</literal></term> <para>
<listitem><para>The NixOS release, indicating the year and month The NixOS release, indicating the year and month in which it was
in which it was released (e.g. March 2016).</para></listitem> released (e.g. March 2016).
</varlistentry> </para>
</listitem>
<varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<term><literal>1011</literal></term> <varlistentry>
<listitem><para>The number of commits in the Nixpkgs Git <term><literal>1011</literal>
repository between the start of the release branch and the commit </term>
from which this version was built. This ensures that NixOS <listitem>
versions are monotonically increasing. It is <para>
<literal>git</literal> when the current NixOS configuration was The number of commits in the Nixpkgs Git repository between the start of
built from a checkout of the Nixpkgs Git repository rather than the release branch and the commit from which this version was built.
from a NixOS channel.</para></listitem> This ensures that NixOS versions are monotonically increasing. It is
</varlistentry> <literal>git</literal> when the current NixOS configuration was built
from a checkout of the Nixpkgs Git repository rather than from a NixOS
<varlistentry> channel.
<term><literal>6317da4</literal></term> </para>
<listitem><para>The first 7 characters of the commit in the </listitem>
Nixpkgs Git repository from which this version was </varlistentry>
built.</para></listitem> <varlistentry>
</varlistentry> <term><literal>6317da4</literal>
</term>
<varlistentry> <listitem>
<term><literal>Emu</literal></term> <para>
<listitem><para>The code name of the NixOS release. The first The first 7 characters of the commit in the Nixpkgs Git repository from
letter of the code name indicates that this is the N'th stable which this version was built.
NixOS release; for example, Emu is the fifth </para>
release.</para></listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
</variablelist> <term><literal>Emu</literal>
</term>
</para> <listitem>
<para>
</refsection> The code name of the NixOS release. The first letter of the code name
indicates that this is the N'th stable NixOS release; for example, Emu
is the fifth release.
<refsection><title>Options</title> </para>
</listitem>
<para>This command accepts the following options:</para> </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<variablelist> </para>
</refsection>
<varlistentry> <refsection>
<term><option>--hash</option></term> <title>Options</title>
<term><option>--revision</option></term> <para>
This command accepts the following options:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--hash</option>
</term>
<term><option>--revision</option>
</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Show the full SHA1 hash of the Git commit from which this <para>
configuration was built, e.g. Show the full SHA1 hash of the Git commit from which this configuration
was built, e.g.
<screen>$ nixos-version --hash <screen>$ nixos-version --hash
6317da40006f6bc2480c6781999c52d88dde2acf 6317da40006f6bc2480c6781999c52d88dde2acf
</screen> </screen>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
</variablelist> </variablelist>
</refsection>
</refsection>
</refentry> </refentry>

45
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@ -1,33 +1,20 @@
<reference xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" <reference xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<title>NixOS Reference Pages</title>
<title>NixOS Reference Pages</title> <info>
<author><personname><firstname>Eelco</firstname><surname>Dolstra</surname></personname>
<info> <contrib>Author</contrib>
</author>
<author> <copyright><year>2007-2018</year><holder>Eelco Dolstra</holder>
<personname> </copyright>
<firstname>Eelco</firstname> </info>
<surname>Dolstra</surname> <xi:include href="man-configuration.xml" />
</personname> <xi:include href="man-nixos-build-vms.xml" />
<contrib>Author</contrib> <xi:include href="man-nixos-generate-config.xml" />
</author> <xi:include href="man-nixos-install.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-enter.xml" />
<copyright> <xi:include href="man-nixos-option.xml" />
<year>2007-2018</year> <xi:include href="man-nixos-rebuild.xml" />
<holder>Eelco Dolstra</holder> <xi:include href="man-nixos-version.xml" />
</copyright>
</info>
<xi:include href="man-configuration.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-build-vms.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-generate-config.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-install.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-enter.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-option.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-rebuild.xml" />
<xi:include href="man-nixos-version.xml" />
</reference> </reference>

78
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@ -3,46 +3,46 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="book-nixos-manual"> xml:id="book-nixos-manual">
<info>
<info> <title>NixOS Manual</title>
<title>NixOS Manual</title> <subtitle>Version <xi:include href="./generated/version" parse="text" />
<subtitle>Version <xi:include href="./generated/version" parse="text" /></subtitle> </subtitle>
</info> </info>
<preface>
<preface> <title>Preface</title>
<title>Preface</title> <para>
This manual describes how to install, use and extend NixOS, a Linux
<para>This manual describes how to install, use and extend NixOS, distribution based on the purely functional package management system Nix.
a Linux distribution based on the purely functional package </para>
management system Nix.</para> <para>
If you encounter problems, please report them on the
<para>If you encounter problems, please report them on the <literal
<literal
xlink:href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/nix-devel">nix-devel</literal> xlink:href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/nix-devel">nix-devel</literal>
mailing list or on the <link mailing list or on the <link
xlink:href="irc://irc.freenode.net/#nixos"> xlink:href="irc://irc.freenode.net/#nixos">
<literal>#nixos</literal> channel on Freenode</link>. Bugs should <literal>#nixos</literal> channel on Freenode</link>. Bugs should be
be reported in <link reported in
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues">NixOS’ GitHub <link
issue tracker</link>.</para> xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues">NixOS’
GitHub issue tracker</link>.
<note><para>Commands prefixed with <literal>#</literal> have to be run as </para>
root, either requiring to login as root user or temporarily switching <note>
to it using <literal>sudo</literal> for example.</para></note> <para>
</preface> Commands prefixed with <literal>#</literal> have to be run as root, either
requiring to login as root user or temporarily switching to it using
<xi:include href="installation/installation.xml" /> <literal>sudo</literal> for example.
<xi:include href="configuration/configuration.xml" /> </para>
<xi:include href="administration/running.xml" /> </note>
<!-- <xi:include href="userconfiguration.xml" /> --> </preface>
<xi:include href="development/development.xml" /> <xi:include href="installation/installation.xml" />
<xi:include href="configuration/configuration.xml" />
<appendix xml:id="ch-options"> <xi:include href="administration/running.xml" />
<title>Configuration Options</title> <!-- <xi:include href="userconfiguration.xml" /> -->
<xi:include href="./generated/options-db.xml" <xi:include href="development/development.xml" />
<appendix xml:id="ch-options">
<title>Configuration Options</title>
<xi:include href="./generated/options-db.xml"
xpointer="configuration-variable-list" /> xpointer="configuration-variable-list" />
</appendix> </appendix>
<xi:include href="release-notes/release-notes.xml" />
<xi:include href="release-notes/release-notes.xml" />
</book> </book>

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@ -3,21 +3,19 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="ch-release-notes"> xml:id="ch-release-notes">
<title>Release Notes</title>
<title>Release Notes</title> <para>
This section lists the release notes for each stable version of NixOS and
<para>This section lists the release notes for each stable version of NixOS current unstable revision.
and current unstable revision.</para> </para>
<xi:include href="rl-1809.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1809.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1803.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1803.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1709.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1709.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1703.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1703.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1609.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1609.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1603.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1603.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1509.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1509.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1412.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1412.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1404.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1404.xml" /> <xi:include href="rl-1310.xml" />
<xi:include href="rl-1310.xml" />
</appendix> </appendix>

8
nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1310.xml
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-13.10"> xml:id="sec-release-13.10">
<title>Release 13.10 (“Aardvark”, 2013/10/31)</title>
<title>Release 13.10 (“Aardvark”, 2013/10/31)</title> <para>
This is the first stable release branch of NixOS.
<para>This is the first stable release branch of NixOS.</para> </para>
</section> </section>

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@ -3,158 +3,177 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-14.04"> xml:id="sec-release-14.04">
<title>Release 14.04 (“Baboon”, 2014/04/30)</title>
<title>Release 14.04 (“Baboon”, 2014/04/30)</title> <para>
This is the second stable release branch of NixOS. In addition to numerous
<para>This is the second stable release branch of NixOS. In addition new and upgraded packages and modules, this release has the following
to numerous new and upgraded packages and modules, this release has highlights:
the following highlights: <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist> <para>
Installation on UEFI systems is now supported. See
<listitem><para>Installation on UEFI systems is now supported. See <xref linkend="sec-installation"/> for details.
<xref linkend="sec-installation"/> for </para>
details.</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>Systemd has been updated to version 212, which has <para>
<link xlink:href="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/NEWS?id=v212">numerous Systemd has been updated to version 212, which has
improvements</link>. NixOS now automatically starts systemd user <link xlink:href="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/NEWS?id=v212">numerous
instances when you log in. You can define global user units through improvements</link>. NixOS now automatically starts systemd user instances
the <option>systemd.unit.*</option> options.</para></listitem> when you log in. You can define global user units through the
<option>systemd.unit.*</option> options.
<listitem><para>NixOS is now based on Glibc 2.19 and GCC </para>
4.8.</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>The default Linux kernel has been updated to <para>
3.12.</para></listitem> NixOS is now based on Glibc 2.19 and GCC 4.8.
</para>
<listitem><para>KDE has been updated to 4.12.</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>GNOME 3.10 experimental support has been added.</para></listitem> <para>
The default Linux kernel has been updated to 3.12.
<listitem><para>Nix has been updated to 1.7 (<link </para>
xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-relnotes-1.7">details</link>).</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>NixOS now supports fully declarative management of <para>
users and groups. If you set <option>users.mutableUsers</option> to KDE has been updated to 4.12.
<literal>false</literal>, then the contents of </para>
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> </listitem>
will be <link <listitem>
<para>
GNOME 3.10 experimental support has been added.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Nix has been updated to 1.7
(<link
xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-relnotes-1.7">details</link>).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
NixOS now supports fully declarative management of users and groups. If
you set <option>users.mutableUsers</option> to <literal>false</literal>,
then the contents of <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
<filename>/etc/group</filename> will be
<link
xlink:href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/lisa02/tech/full_papers/traugott/traugott_html/">congruent</link> xlink:href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/lisa02/tech/full_papers/traugott/traugott_html/">congruent</link>
to your NixOS configuration. For instance, if you remove a user from to your NixOS configuration. For instance, if you remove a user from
<option>users.extraUsers</option> and run <option>users.extraUsers</option> and run
<command>nixos-rebuild</command>, the user account will cease to <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, the user account will cease to exist.
exist. Also, imperative commands for managing users and groups, such Also, imperative commands for managing users and groups, such as
as <command>useradd</command>, are no longer available. If <command>useradd</command>, are no longer available. If
<option>users.mutableUsers</option> is <literal>true</literal> (the <option>users.mutableUsers</option> is <literal>true</literal> (the
default), then behaviour is unchanged from NixOS default), then behaviour is unchanged from NixOS 13.10.
13.10.</para></listitem> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>NixOS now has basic container support, meaning you <listitem>
can easily run a NixOS instance as a container in a NixOS host <para>
system. These containers are suitable for testing and NixOS now has basic container support, meaning you can easily run a NixOS
experimentation but not production use, since they’re not fully instance as a container in a NixOS host system. These containers are
isolated from the host. See <xref linkend="ch-containers"/> for suitable for testing and experimentation but not production use, since
details.</para></listitem> they’re not fully isolated from the host. See
<xref linkend="ch-containers"/> for details.
<listitem><para>Systemd units provided by packages can now be </para>
overridden from the NixOS configuration. For instance, if a package </listitem>
<literal>foo</literal> provides systemd units, you can say: <listitem>
<para>
Systemd units provided by packages can now be overridden from the NixOS
configuration. For instance, if a package <literal>foo</literal> provides
systemd units, you can say:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
systemd.packages = [ pkgs.foo ]; systemd.packages = [ pkgs.foo ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
to enable those units. You can then set or override unit options in the
to enable those units. You can then set or override unit options in usual way, e.g.
the usual way, e.g.
<programlisting> <programlisting>
systemd.services.foo.wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ]; systemd.services.foo.wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
systemd.services.foo.serviceConfig.MemoryLimit = "512M"; systemd.services.foo.serviceConfig.MemoryLimit = "512M";
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</para></listitem> <para>
When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the following
</itemizedlist> incompatible changes:
<itemizedlist>
</para> <listitem>
<para>
<para>When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the Nixpkgs no longer exposes unfree packages by default. If your NixOS
following incompatible changes: configuration requires unfree packages from Nixpkgs, you need to enable
support for them explicitly by setting:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Nixpkgs no longer exposes unfree packages by
default. If your NixOS configuration requires unfree packages from
Nixpkgs, you need to enable support for them explicitly by setting:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true; nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Otherwise, you get an error message such as:
Otherwise, you get an error message such as:
<screen> <screen>
error: package ‘nvidia-x11-331.49-3.12.17’ in ‘…/nvidia-x11/default.nix:56’ error: package ‘nvidia-x11-331.49-3.12.17’ in ‘…/nvidia-x11/default.nix:56’
has an unfree license, refusing to evaluate has an unfree license, refusing to evaluate
</screen> </screen>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>The Adobe Flash player is no longer enabled by <para>
default in the Firefox and Chromium wrappers. To enable it, you must The Adobe Flash player is no longer enabled by default in the Firefox and
set: Chromium wrappers. To enable it, you must set:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true; nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
nixpkgs.config.firefox.enableAdobeFlash = true; # for Firefox nixpkgs.config.firefox.enableAdobeFlash = true; # for Firefox
nixpkgs.config.chromium.enableAdobeFlash = true; # for Chromium nixpkgs.config.chromium.enableAdobeFlash = true; # for Chromium
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>The firewall is now enabled by default. If you don’t <para>
want this, you need to disable it explicitly: The firewall is now enabled by default. If you don’t want this, you need
to disable it explicitly:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
networking.firewall.enable = false; networking.firewall.enable = false;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>The option <para>
<option>boot.loader.grub.memtest86</option> has been renamed to The option <option>boot.loader.grub.memtest86</option> has been renamed to
<option>boot.loader.grub.memtest86.enable</option>.</para></listitem> <option>boot.loader.grub.memtest86.enable</option>.
</para>
<listitem><para>The <literal>mysql55</literal> service has been </listitem>
merged into the <literal>mysql</literal> service, which no longer <listitem>
sets a default for the option <para>
<option>services.mysql.package</option>.</para></listitem> The <literal>mysql55</literal> service has been merged into the
<literal>mysql</literal> service, which no longer sets a default for the
<listitem><para>Package variants are now differentiated by suffixing option <option>services.mysql.package</option>.
the name, rather than the version. For instance, </para>
<filename>sqlite-3.8.4.3-interactive</filename> is now called </listitem>
<filename>sqlite-interactive-3.8.4.3</filename>. This ensures that <listitem>
<literal>nix-env -i sqlite</literal> is unambiguous, and that <para>
<literal>nix-env -u</literal> won’t “upgrade” Package variants are now differentiated by suffixing the name, rather than
<literal>sqlite</literal> to <literal>sqlite-interactive</literal> the version. For instance, <filename>sqlite-3.8.4.3-interactive</filename>
or vice versa. Notably, this change affects the Firefox wrapper is now called <filename>sqlite-interactive-3.8.4.3</filename>. This
(which provides plugins), as it is now called ensures that <literal>nix-env -i sqlite</literal> is unambiguous, and that
<literal>firefox-wrapper</literal>. So when using <literal>nix-env -u</literal> won’t “upgrade”
<command>nix-env</command>, you should do <literal>nix-env -e <literal>sqlite</literal> to <literal>sqlite-interactive</literal> or vice
firefox; nix-env -i firefox-wrapper</literal> if you want to keep versa. Notably, this change affects the Firefox wrapper (which provides
using the wrapper. This change does not affect declarative package plugins), as it is now called <literal>firefox-wrapper</literal>. So when
management, since attribute names like using <command>nix-env</command>, you should do <literal>nix-env -e
<literal>pkgs.firefoxWrapper</literal> were already firefox; nix-env -i firefox-wrapper</literal> if you want to keep using
unambiguous.</para></listitem> the wrapper. This change does not affect declarative package management,
since attribute names like <literal>pkgs.firefoxWrapper</literal> were
<listitem><para>The symlink <filename>/etc/ca-bundle.crt</filename> already unambiguous.
is gone. Programs should instead use the environment variable </para>
<envar>OPENSSL_X509_CERT_FILE</envar> (which points to </listitem>
<filename>/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt</filename>).</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
</itemizedlist> The symlink <filename>/etc/ca-bundle.crt</filename> is gone. Programs
should instead use the environment variable
</para> <envar>OPENSSL_X509_CERT_FILE</envar> (which points to
<filename>/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt</filename>).
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</section> </section>

618
nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1412.xml
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@ -3,175 +3,465 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-14.12"> xml:id="sec-release-14.12">
<title>Release 14.12 (“Caterpillar”, 2014/12/30)</title>
<title>Release 14.12 (“Caterpillar”, 2014/12/30)</title> <para>
In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the
following highlights:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Systemd has been updated to version 217, which has numerous
<link xlink:href="http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2014-October/024662.html">improvements.</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<link xlink:href="http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.distributions.nixos/15165">
Nix has been updated to 1.8.</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
NixOS is now based on Glibc 2.20.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
KDE has been updated to 4.14.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The default Linux kernel has been updated to 3.14.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
If <option>users.mutableUsers</option> is enabled (the default), changes
made to the declaration of a user or group will be correctly realised when
running <command>nixos-rebuild</command>. For instance, removing a user
specification from <filename>configuration.nix</filename> will cause the
actual user account to be deleted. If <option>users.mutableUsers</option>
is disabled, it is no longer necessary to specify UIDs or GIDs; if
omitted, they are allocated dynamically.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the following highlights: <para>
Following new services were added since the last release:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>atftpd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>bosun</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>bspwm</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>chronos</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>collectd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>consul</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>cpuminer-cryptonight</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>crashplan</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>dnscrypt-proxy</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>docker-registry</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>docker</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>etcd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>fail2ban</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>fcgiwrap</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>fleet</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>fluxbox</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>gdm</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>geoclue2</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>gitlab</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>gitolite</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>gnome3.gnome-documents</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>gnome3.gnome-online-miners</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>gnome3.gvfs</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>gnome3.seahorse</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>hbase</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>i2pd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>influxdb</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>kubernetes</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>liquidsoap</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>lxc</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>mailpile</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>mesos</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>mlmmj</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>monetdb</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>mopidy</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>neo4j</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>nsd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>openntpd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>opentsdb</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>openvswitch</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>parallels-guest</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>peerflix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>phd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>polipo</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>prosody</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>radicale</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>redmine</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>riemann</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>scollector</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>seeks</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>siproxd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>strongswan</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>tcsd</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>teamspeak3</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>thermald</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>torque/mrom</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>torque/server</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>uhub</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>unifi</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>znc</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>zookeeper</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<itemizedlist> <para>
When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the following
<listitem><para>Systemd has been updated to version 217, which has numerous incompatible changes:
<link xlink:href="http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2014-October/024662.html">improvements.</link></para></listitem> <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<listitem><para><link xlink:href="http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.distributions.nixos/15165"> <para>
Nix has been updated to 1.8.</link></para></listitem> The default version of Apache httpd is now 2.4. If you use the
<option>extraConfig</option> option to pass literal Apache configuration
<listitem><para>NixOS is now based on Glibc 2.20.</para></listitem> text, you may need to update it — see
<link
<listitem><para>KDE has been updated to 4.14.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The default Linux kernel has been updated to 3.14.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>If <option>users.mutableUsers</option> is enabled (the
default), changes made to the declaration of a user or group will be
correctly realised when running <command>nixos-rebuild</command>. For
instance, removing a user specification from
<filename>configuration.nix</filename> will cause the actual user
account to be deleted. If <option>users.mutableUsers</option> is
disabled, it is no longer necessary to specify UIDs or GIDs; if
omitted, they are allocated dynamically.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>Following new services were added since the last release:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><literal>atftpd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>bosun</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>bspwm</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>chronos</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>collectd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>consul</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>cpuminer-cryptonight</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>crashplan</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>dnscrypt-proxy</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>docker-registry</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>docker</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>etcd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>fail2ban</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>fcgiwrap</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>fleet</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>fluxbox</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>gdm</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>geoclue2</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>gitlab</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>gitolite</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>gnome3.gnome-documents</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>gnome3.gnome-online-miners</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>gnome3.gvfs</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>gnome3.seahorse</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>hbase</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>i2pd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>influxdb</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>kubernetes</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>liquidsoap</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>lxc</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>mailpile</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>mesos</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>mlmmj</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>monetdb</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>mopidy</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>neo4j</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>nsd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>openntpd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>opentsdb</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>openvswitch</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>parallels-guest</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>peerflix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>phd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>polipo</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>prosody</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>radicale</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>redmine</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>riemann</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>scollector</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>seeks</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>siproxd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>strongswan</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>tcsd</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>teamspeak3</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>thermald</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>torque/mrom</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>torque/server</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>uhub</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>unifi</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>znc</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>zookeeper</literal></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the
following incompatible changes:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>The default version of Apache httpd is now 2.4. If
you use the <option>extraConfig</option> option to pass literal
Apache configuration text, you may need to update it — see <link
xlink:href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/upgrading.html">Apache’s xlink:href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/upgrading.html">Apache’s
documentation</link> for details. If you wish to continue to use documentation</link> for details. If you wish to continue to use httpd
httpd 2.2, add the following line to your NixOS configuration: 2.2, add the following line to your NixOS configuration:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
services.httpd.package = pkgs.apacheHttpd_2_2; services.httpd.package = pkgs.apacheHttpd_2_2;
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>PHP 5.3 has been removed because it is no longer <para>
supported by the PHP project. A <link PHP 5.3 has been removed because it is no longer supported by the PHP
xlink:href="http://php.net/migration54">migration guide</link> is project. A <link
available.</para></listitem> xlink:href="http://php.net/migration54">migration
guide</link> is available.
<listitem><para>The host side of a container virtual Ethernet pair </para>
is now called <literal>ve-<replaceable>container-name</replaceable></literal> </listitem>
rather than <literal>c-<replaceable>container-name</replaceable></literal>.</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para>GNOME 3.10 support has been dropped. The default GNOME version is now 3.12.</para></listitem> The host side of a container virtual Ethernet pair is now called
<literal>ve-<replaceable>container-name</replaceable></literal> rather
<listitem><para>VirtualBox has been upgraded to 4.3.20 release. Users than <literal>c-<replaceable>container-name</replaceable></literal>.
may be required to run <command>rm -rf /tmp/.vbox*</command>. The line </para>
<literal>imports = [ &lt;nixpkgs/nixos/modules/programs/virtualbox.nix&gt; ]</literal> is </listitem>
no longer necessary, use <literal>services.virtualboxHost.enable = <listitem>
true</literal> instead. <para>
</para> GNOME 3.10 support has been dropped. The default GNOME version is now
<para>Also, hardening mode is now enabled by default, which means that unless you want to use 3.12.
USB support, you no longer need to be a member of the <literal>vboxusers</literal> group. </para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>Chromium has been updated to 39.0.2171.65. <option>enablePepperPDF</option> is now enabled by default. <para>
<literal>chromium*Wrapper</literal> packages no longer exist, because upstream removed NSAPI support. VirtualBox has been upgraded to 4.3.20 release. Users may be required to
<literal>chromium-stable</literal> has been renamed to <literal>chromium</literal>. run <command>rm -rf /tmp/.vbox*</command>. The line <literal>imports = [
</para></listitem> &lt;nixpkgs/nixos/modules/programs/virtualbox.nix&gt; ]</literal> is no
longer necessary, use <literal>services.virtualboxHost.enable =
<listitem><para>Python packaging documentation is now part of nixpkgs manual. To override true</literal> instead.
the python packages available to a custom python you now use <literal>pkgs.pythonFull.buildEnv.override</literal> </para>
instead of <literal>pkgs.pythonFull.override</literal>. <para>
</para></listitem> Also, hardening mode is now enabled by default, which means that unless
you want to use USB support, you no longer need to be a member of the
<listitem><para><literal>boot.resumeDevice = "8:6"</literal> is no longer supported. Most users will <literal>vboxusers</literal> group.
want to leave it undefined, which takes the swap partitions automatically. There is an evaluation </para>
assertion to ensure that the string starts with a slash. </listitem>
</para></listitem> <listitem>
<para>
<listitem><para>The system-wide default timezone for NixOS installations Chromium has been updated to 39.0.2171.65.
changed from <literal>CET</literal> to <literal>UTC</literal>. To choose <option>enablePepperPDF</option> is now enabled by default.
a different timezone for your system, configure <literal>chromium*Wrapper</literal> packages no longer exist, because
<literal>time.timeZone</literal> in upstream removed NSAPI support. <literal>chromium-stable</literal> has
<literal>configuration.nix</literal>. A fairly complete list of possible been renamed to <literal>chromium</literal>.
values for that setting is available at <link </para>
xlink:href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones"/>.</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>GNU screen has been updated to 4.2.1, which breaks <para>
the ability to connect to sessions created by older versions of Python packaging documentation is now part of nixpkgs manual. To override
screen.</para></listitem> the python packages available to a custom python you now use
<literal>pkgs.pythonFull.buildEnv.override</literal> instead of
<listitem><para>The Intel GPU driver was updated to the 3.x prerelease <literal>pkgs.pythonFull.override</literal>.
version (used by most distributions) and supports DRI3 </para>
now.</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
</itemizedlist> <para>
<literal>boot.resumeDevice = "8:6"</literal> is no longer supported. Most
</para> users will want to leave it undefined, which takes the swap partitions
automatically. There is an evaluation assertion to ensure that the string
starts with a slash.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The system-wide default timezone for NixOS installations changed from
<literal>CET</literal> to <literal>UTC</literal>. To choose a different
timezone for your system, configure <literal>time.timeZone</literal> in
<literal>configuration.nix</literal>. A fairly complete list of possible
values for that setting is available at
<link
xlink:href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
GNU screen has been updated to 4.2.1, which breaks the ability to connect
to sessions created by older versions of screen.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The Intel GPU driver was updated to the 3.x prerelease version (used by
most distributions) and supports DRI3 now.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</section> </section>

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@ -3,250 +3,471 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-16.03"> xml:id="sec-release-16.03">
<title>Release 16.03 (“Emu”, 2016/03/31)</title>
<title>Release 16.03 (“Emu”, 2016/03/31)</title> <para>
In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the
<para>In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release following highlights:
has the following highlights:</para> </para>
<itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Systemd 229, bringing <link <para>
Systemd 229, bringing
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/v229/NEWS">numerous xlink:href="https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/v229/NEWS">numerous
improvements</link> over 217.</para> improvements</link> over 217.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Linux 4.4 (was 3.18).</para> <para>
Linux 4.4 (was 3.18).
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>GCC 5.3 (was 4.9). Note that GCC 5 <link <para>
GCC 5.3 (was 4.9). Note that GCC 5
<link
xlink:href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/using_dual_abi.html">changes xlink:href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/using_dual_abi.html">changes
the C++ ABI in an incompatible way</link>; this may cause problems the C++ ABI in an incompatible way</link>; this may cause problems if you
if you try to link objects compiled with different versions of try to link objects compiled with different versions of GCC.
GCC.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Glibc 2.23 (was 2.21).</para> <para>
Glibc 2.23 (was 2.21).
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Binutils 2.26 (was 2.23.1). See #909</para> <para>
Binutils 2.26 (was 2.23.1). See #909
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Improved support for ensuring <link <para>
xlink:href="https://reproducible-builds.org/">bitwise reproducible Improved support for ensuring
builds</link>. For example, <literal>stdenv</literal> now sets the <link
environment variable <envar xlink:href="https://reproducible-builds.org/">bitwise
reproducible builds</link>. For example, <literal>stdenv</literal> now sets
the environment variable
<envar
xlink:href="https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/">SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</envar> xlink:href="https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/">SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH</envar>
to a deterministic value, and Nix has <link to a deterministic value, and Nix has
<link
xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-relnotes-1.11">gained xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nix/manual/#ssec-relnotes-1.11">gained
an option</link> to repeat a build a number of times to test an option</link> to repeat a build a number of times to test determinism.
determinism. An ongoing project, the goal of exact reproducibility An ongoing project, the goal of exact reproducibility is to allow binaries
is to allow binaries to be verified independently (e.g., a user to be verified independently (e.g., a user might only trust binaries that
might only trust binaries that appear in three independent binary appear in three independent binary caches).
caches).</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Perl 5.22.</para> <para>
Perl 5.22.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</itemizedlist> <para>
The following new services were added since the last release:
<para>The following new services were added since the last release:
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/longview.nix</literal></para></listitem> <listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>hardware/video/webcam/facetimehd.nix</literal></para></listitem> <para>
<listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/default.nix</literal></para></listitem> <literal>services/monitoring/longview.nix</literal>
<listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/fcitx.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/ibus.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/nabi.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>i18n/input-method/uim.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>programs/fish.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>security/acme.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>security/audit.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>security/oath.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/hardware/irqbalance.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/mail/dspam.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/mail/opendkim.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/mail/postsrsd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/mail/rspamd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/mail/rmilter.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/autofs.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/bepasty.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/calibre-server.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/cfdyndns.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/gammu-smsd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/mathics.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/misc/octoprint.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/hdaps.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/heapster.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/monitoring/longview.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/network-filesystems/netatalk.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/network-filesystems/xtreemfs.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/autossh.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/dnschain.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/gale.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/miniupnpd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/namecoind.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/ostinato.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/pdnsd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/shairport-sync.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/networking/supplicant.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/search/kibana.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/security/haka.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/security/physlock.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/web-apps/pump.io.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>services/x11/window-managers/windowlab.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>system/boot/initrd-network.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>system/boot/loader/loader.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>system/boot/networkd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>system/boot/resolved.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>virtualisation/lxd.nix</literal></para></listitem>
<listitem><para><literal>virtualisation/rkt.nix</literal></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the
following incompatible changes:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>We no longer produce graphical ISO images and VirtualBox
images for <literal>i686-linux</literal>. A minimal ISO image is
still provided.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Firefox and similar browsers are now <emphasis>wrapped by default</emphasis>.
The package and attribute names are plain <literal>firefox</literal>
or <literal>midori</literal>, etc. Backward-compatibility attributes were set up,
but note that <command>nix-env -u</command> will <emphasis>not</emphasis> update
your current <literal>firefox-with-plugins</literal>;
you have to uninstall it and install <literal>firefox</literal> instead.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><command>wmiiSnap</command> has been replaced with
<command>wmii_hg</command>, but
<command>services.xserver.windowManager.wmii.enable</command> has
been updated respectively so this only affects you if you have
explicitly installed <command>wmiiSnap</command>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>hardware/video/webcam/facetimehd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>i18n/input-method/default.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>i18n/input-method/fcitx.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>i18n/input-method/ibus.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>i18n/input-method/nabi.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>i18n/input-method/uim.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>programs/fish.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>security/acme.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>security/audit.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>security/oath.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/hardware/irqbalance.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/mail/dspam.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/mail/opendkim.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/mail/postsrsd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/mail/rspamd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/mail/rmilter.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/autofs.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/bepasty.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/calibre-server.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/cfdyndns.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/gammu-smsd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/mathics.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/matrix-synapse.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/misc/octoprint.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/monitoring/hdaps.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/monitoring/heapster.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/monitoring/longview.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/network-filesystems/netatalk.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/network-filesystems/xtreemfs.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/autossh.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/dnschain.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/gale.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/miniupnpd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/namecoind.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/ostinato.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/pdnsd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/shairport-sync.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/networking/supplicant.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/search/kibana.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/security/haka.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/security/physlock.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/web-apps/pump.io.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/x11/hardware/libinput.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>services/x11/window-managers/windowlab.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>system/boot/initrd-network.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>system/boot/initrd-ssh.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>system/boot/loader/loader.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>system/boot/networkd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>system/boot/resolved.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>virtualisation/lxd.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>virtualisation/rkt.nix</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the following
incompatible changes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>jobs</literal> NixOS option has been removed. It served as <para>
We no longer produce graphical ISO images and VirtualBox images for
<literal>i686-linux</literal>. A minimal ISO image is still provided.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Firefox and similar browsers are now <emphasis>wrapped by
default</emphasis>. The package and attribute names are plain
<literal>firefox</literal> or <literal>midori</literal>, etc.
Backward-compatibility attributes were set up, but note that
<command>nix-env -u</command> will <emphasis>not</emphasis> update your
current <literal>firefox-with-plugins</literal>; you have to uninstall it
and install <literal>firefox</literal> instead.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>wmiiSnap</command> has been replaced with
<command>wmii_hg</command>, but
<command>services.xserver.windowManager.wmii.enable</command> has been
updated respectively so this only affects you if you have explicitly
installed <command>wmiiSnap</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>jobs</literal> NixOS option has been removed. It served as
compatibility layer between Upstart jobs and SystemD services. All services compatibility layer between Upstart jobs and SystemD services. All services
have been rewritten to use <literal>systemd.services</literal></para> have been rewritten to use <literal>systemd.services</literal>
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><command>wmiimenu</command> is removed, as it has been <para>
removed by the developers upstream. Use <command>wimenu</command> <command>wmiimenu</command> is removed, as it has been removed by the
from the <command>wmii-hg</command> package.</para> developers upstream. Use <command>wimenu</command> from the
<command>wmii-hg</command> package.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Gitit is no longer automatically added to the module list in <para>
NixOS and as such there will not be any manual entries for it. You Gitit is no longer automatically added to the module list in NixOS and as
will need to add an import statement to your NixOS configuration such there will not be any manual entries for it. You will need to add an
in order to use it, e.g. import statement to your NixOS configuration in order to use it, e.g.
<programlisting><![CDATA[ <programlisting><![CDATA[
{ {
imports = [ <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitit.nix> ]; imports = [ <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/services/misc/gitit.nix> ];
} }
]]></programlisting> ]]></programlisting>
will include the Gitit service configuration options.
will include the Gitit service configuration options.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><command>nginx</command> does not accept flags for enabling and <para>
disabling modules anymore. Instead it accepts <literal>modules</literal> <command>nginx</command> does not accept flags for enabling and disabling
argument, which is a list of modules to be built in. All modules now modules anymore. Instead it accepts <literal>modules</literal> argument,
reside in <literal>nginxModules</literal> set. Example configuration: which is a list of modules to be built in. All modules now reside in
<literal>nginxModules</literal> set. Example configuration:
<programlisting><![CDATA[ <programlisting><![CDATA[
nginx.override { nginx.override {
modules = [ nginxModules.rtmp nginxModules.dav nginxModules.moreheaders ]; modules = [ nginxModules.rtmp nginxModules.dav nginxModules.moreheaders ];
} }
]]></programlisting> ]]></programlisting>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><command>s3sync</command> is removed, as it hasn't been <para>
developed by upstream for 4 years and only runs with ruby 1.8. <command>s3sync</command> is removed, as it hasn't been developed by
For an actively-developer alternative look at upstream for 4 years and only runs with ruby 1.8. For an actively-developer
<command>tarsnap</command> and others. alternative look at <command>tarsnap</command> and others.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><command>ruby_1_8</command> has been removed as it's not <para>
supported from upstream anymore and probably contains security <command>ruby_1_8</command> has been removed as it's not supported from
issues. upstream anymore and probably contains security issues.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>tidy-html5</literal> package is removed. <para>
Upstream only provided <literal>(lib)tidy5</literal> during development, <literal>tidy-html5</literal> package is removed. Upstream only provided
and now they went back to <literal>(lib)tidy</literal> to work as a drop-in <literal>(lib)tidy5</literal> during development, and now they went back to
replacement of the original package that has been unmaintained for years. <literal>(lib)tidy</literal> to work as a drop-in replacement of the
You can (still) use the <literal>html-tidy</literal> package, which got updated original package that has been unmaintained for years. You can (still) use
to a stable release from this new upstream.</para> the <literal>html-tidy</literal> package, which got updated to a stable
release from this new upstream.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>extraDeviceOptions</literal> argument is removed <para>
from <literal>bumblebee</literal> package. Instead there are <literal>extraDeviceOptions</literal> argument is removed from
now two separate arguments: <literal>extraNvidiaDeviceOptions</literal> <literal>bumblebee</literal> package. Instead there are now two separate
and <literal>extraNouveauDeviceOptions</literal> for setting arguments: <literal>extraNvidiaDeviceOptions</literal> and
extra X11 options for nvidia and nouveau drivers, respectively. <literal>extraNouveauDeviceOptions</literal> for setting extra X11 options
</para> for nvidia and nouveau drivers, respectively.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The <literal>Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</literal> key combination <para>
no longer kills the X server by default. The <literal>Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</literal> key combination no longer kills
There's a new option <option>services.xserver.enableCtrlAltBackspace</option> the X server by default. There's a new option
allowing to enable the combination again. <option>services.xserver.enableCtrlAltBackspace</option> allowing to enable
</para> the combination again.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>emacsPackagesNg</literal> now contains all packages <para>
from the ELPA, MELPA, and MELPA Stable repositories. <literal>emacsPackagesNg</literal> now contains all packages from the ELPA,
</para> MELPA, and MELPA Stable repositories.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Data directory for Postfix MTA server is moved from <para>
Data directory for Postfix MTA server is moved from
<filename>/var/postfix</filename> to <filename>/var/lib/postfix</filename>. <filename>/var/postfix</filename> to <filename>/var/lib/postfix</filename>.
Old configurations are migrated automatically. <literal>service.postfix</literal> Old configurations are migrated automatically.
module has also received many improvements, such as correct directories' access <literal>service.postfix</literal> module has also received many
rights, new <literal>aliasFiles</literal> and <literal>mapFiles</literal> improvements, such as correct directories' access rights, new
options and more.</para> <literal>aliasFiles</literal> and <literal>mapFiles</literal> options and
more.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Filesystem options should now be configured as a list of strings, not <para>
a comma-separated string. The old style will continue to work, but print a Filesystem options should now be configured as a list of strings, not a
comma-separated string. The old style will continue to work, but print a
warning, until the 16.09 release. An example of the new style: warning, until the 16.09 release. An example of the new style:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
fileSystems."/example" = { fileSystems."/example" = {
device = "/dev/sdc"; device = "/dev/sdc";
@ -254,103 +475,103 @@ fileSystems."/example" = {
options = [ "noatime" "compress=lzo" "space_cache" "autodefrag" ]; options = [ "noatime" "compress=lzo" "space_cache" "autodefrag" ];
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>CUPS, installed by <literal>services.printing</literal> module, now <para>
has its data directory in <filename>/var/lib/cups</filename>. Old CUPS, installed by <literal>services.printing</literal> module, now has its
configurations from <filename>/etc/cups</filename> are moved there data directory in <filename>/var/lib/cups</filename>. Old configurations
automatically, but there might be problems. Also configuration options from <filename>/etc/cups</filename> are moved there automatically, but
there might be problems. Also configuration options
<literal>services.printing.cupsdConf</literal> and <literal>services.printing.cupsdConf</literal> and
<literal>services.printing.cupsdFilesConf</literal> were removed <literal>services.printing.cupsdFilesConf</literal> were removed because
because they had been allowing one to override configuration variables they had been allowing one to override configuration variables required for
required for CUPS to work at all on NixOS. For most use cases, CUPS to work at all on NixOS. For most use cases,
<literal>services.printing.extraConf</literal> and new option <literal>services.printing.extraConf</literal> and new option
<literal>services.printing.extraFilesConf</literal> should be enough; <literal>services.printing.extraFilesConf</literal> should be enough; if
if you encounter a situation when they are not, please file a bug.</para> you encounter a situation when they are not, please file a bug.
</para>
<para>There are also Gutenprint improvements; in particular, a new option <para>
<literal>services.printing.gutenprint</literal> is added to enable automatic There are also Gutenprint improvements; in particular, a new option
updating of Gutenprint PPMs; it's greatly recommended to enable it instead <literal>services.printing.gutenprint</literal> is added to enable
of adding <literal>gutenprint</literal> to the <literal>drivers</literal> list. automatic updating of Gutenprint PPMs; it's greatly recommended to enable
</para> it instead of adding <literal>gutenprint</literal> to the
<literal>drivers</literal> list.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>services.xserver.vaapiDrivers</literal> has been removed. Use <para>
<literal>hardware.opengl.extraPackages{,32}</literal> instead. You can <literal>services.xserver.vaapiDrivers</literal> has been removed. Use
also specify VDPAU drivers there.</para> <literal>hardware.opengl.extraPackages{,32}</literal> instead. You can also
specify VDPAU drivers there.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>programs.ibus</literal> moved to <literal>i18n.inputMethod.ibus</literal>. <literal>programs.ibus</literal> moved to
The option <literal>programs.ibus.plugins</literal> changed to <literal>i18n.inputMethod.ibus.engines</literal> <literal>i18n.inputMethod.ibus</literal>. The option
and the option to enable ibus changed from <literal>programs.ibus.enable</literal> to <literal>programs.ibus.plugins</literal> changed to
<literal>i18n.inputMethod.ibus.engines</literal> and the option to enable
ibus changed from <literal>programs.ibus.enable</literal> to
<literal>i18n.inputMethod.enabled</literal>. <literal>i18n.inputMethod.enabled</literal>.
<literal>i18n.inputMethod.enabled</literal> should be set to the used input method name, <literal>i18n.inputMethod.enabled</literal> should be set to the used input
<literal>"ibus"</literal> for ibus. method name, <literal>"ibus"</literal> for ibus. An example of the new
An example of the new style: style:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
i18n.inputMethod.enabled = "ibus"; i18n.inputMethod.enabled = "ibus";
i18n.inputMethod.ibus.engines = with pkgs.ibus-engines; [ anthy mozc ]; i18n.inputMethod.ibus.engines = with pkgs.ibus-engines; [ anthy mozc ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
That is equivalent to the old version:
That is equivalent to the old version:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
programs.ibus.enable = true; programs.ibus.enable = true;
programs.ibus.plugins = with pkgs; [ ibus-anthy mozc ]; programs.ibus.plugins = with pkgs; [ ibus-anthy mozc ];
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para>
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>services.udev.extraRules</literal> option now writes rules <para>
to <filename>99-local.rules</filename> instead of <filename>10-local.rules</filename>. <literal>services.udev.extraRules</literal> option now writes rules to
This makes all the user rules apply after others, so their results wouldn't be <filename>99-local.rules</filename> instead of
overriden by anything else.</para> <filename>10-local.rules</filename>. This makes all the user rules apply
after others, so their results wouldn't be overriden by anything else.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Large parts of the <literal>services.gitlab</literal> module has been <para>
been rewritten. There are new configuration options available. The Large parts of the <literal>services.gitlab</literal> module has been been
rewritten. There are new configuration options available. The
<literal>stateDir</literal> option was renamned to <literal>stateDir</literal> option was renamned to
<literal>statePath</literal> and the <literal>satellitesDir</literal> option <literal>statePath</literal> and the <literal>satellitesDir</literal>
was removed. Please review the currently available options.</para> option was removed. Please review the currently available options.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
The option <option>services.nsd.zones.&lt;name&gt;.data</option> no The option <option>services.nsd.zones.&lt;name&gt;.data</option> no longer
longer interpret the dollar sign ($) as a shell variable, as such it interpret the dollar sign ($) as a shell variable, as such it should not be
should not be escaped anymore. Thus the following zone data: escaped anymore. Thus the following zone data:
</para> </para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
\$ORIGIN example.com. \$ORIGIN example.com.
\$TTL 1800 \$TTL 1800
@ IN SOA ns1.vpn.nbp.name. admin.example.com. ( @ IN SOA ns1.vpn.nbp.name. admin.example.com. (
</programlisting> </programlisting>
<para> <para>
Should modified to look like the actual file expected by nsd: Should modified to look like the actual file expected by nsd:
</para> </para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
$ORIGIN example.com. $ORIGIN example.com.
$TTL 1800 $TTL 1800
@ IN SOA ns1.vpn.nbp.name. admin.example.com. ( @ IN SOA ns1.vpn.nbp.name. admin.example.com. (
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>service.syncthing.dataDir</literal> options now has to point <literal>service.syncthing.dataDir</literal> options now has to point to
to exact folder where syncthing is writing to. Example configuration should exact folder where syncthing is writing to. Example configuration should
look something like: look something like:
</para> </para>
<programlisting> <programlisting>
services.syncthing = { services.syncthing = {
enable = true; enable = true;
dataDir = "/home/somebody/.syncthing"; dataDir = "/home/somebody/.syncthing";
@ -358,76 +579,73 @@ services.syncthing = {
}; };
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>networking.firewall.allowPing</literal> is now enabled by <literal>networking.firewall.allowPing</literal> is now enabled by default.
default. Users are encouraged to configure an appropriate rate limit for Users are encouraged to configure an appropriate rate limit for their
their machines using the Kernel interface at machines using the Kernel interface at
<filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_ratelimit</filename> and <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_ratelimit</filename> and
<filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/icmp/ratelimit</filename> or using the <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/icmp/ratelimit</filename> or using the
firewall itself, i.e. by setting the NixOS option firewall itself, i.e. by setting the NixOS option
<literal>networking.firewall.pingLimit</literal>. <literal>networking.firewall.pingLimit</literal>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Systems with some broadcom cards used to result into a generated config Systems with some broadcom cards used to result into a generated config
that is no longer accepted. If you get errors like that is no longer accepted. If you get errors like
<screen>error: path ‘/nix/store/*-broadcom-sta-*’ does not exist and cannot be created</screen> <screen>error: path ‘/nix/store/*-broadcom-sta-*’ does not exist and cannot be created</screen>
you should either re-run <command>nixos-generate-config</command> or manually replace you should either re-run <command>nixos-generate-config</command> or
<literal>"${config.boot.kernelPackages.broadcom_sta}"</literal> manually replace
by <literal>"${config.boot.kernelPackages.broadcom_sta}"</literal> by
<literal>config.boot.kernelPackages.broadcom_sta</literal> <literal>config.boot.kernelPackages.broadcom_sta</literal> in your
in your <filename>/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename>. <filename>/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</filename>. More discussion
More discussion is on <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/12595"> is on <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/12595"> the
the github issue</link>. github issue</link>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
The <literal>services.xserver.startGnuPGAgent</literal> option has been removed. The <literal>services.xserver.startGnuPGAgent</literal> option has been
GnuPG 2.1.x changed the way the gpg-agent works, and that new approach no removed. GnuPG 2.1.x changed the way the gpg-agent works, and that new
longer requires (or even supports) the "start everything as a child of the approach no longer requires (or even supports) the "start everything as a
agent" scheme we've implemented in NixOS for older versions. child of the agent" scheme we've implemented in NixOS for older versions.
To configure the gpg-agent for your X session, add the following code to To configure the gpg-agent for your X session, add the following code to
<filename>~/.bashrc</filename> or some file that’s sourced when your shell is started: <filename>~/.bashrc</filename> or some file that’s sourced when your
<programlisting> shell is started:
<programlisting>
GPG_TTY=$(tty) GPG_TTY=$(tty)
export GPG_TTY export GPG_TTY
</programlisting> </programlisting>
If you want to use gpg-agent for SSH, too, add the following to your session If you want to use gpg-agent for SSH, too, add the following to your
initialization (e.g. <literal>displayManager.sessionCommands</literal>) session initialization (e.g.
<programlisting> <literal>displayManager.sessionCommands</literal>)
<programlisting>
gpg-connect-agent /bye gpg-connect-agent /bye
unset SSH_AGENT_PID unset SSH_AGENT_PID
export SSH_AUTH_SOCK="''${HOME}/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh" export SSH_AUTH_SOCK="''${HOME}/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent.ssh"
</programlisting> </programlisting>
and make sure that and make sure that
<programlisting> <programlisting>
enable-ssh-support enable-ssh-support
</programlisting> </programlisting>
is included in your <filename>~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf</filename>. is included in your <filename>~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf</filename>. You will
You will need to use <command>ssh-add</command> to re-add your ssh keys. need to use <command>ssh-add</command> to re-add your ssh keys. If gpg’s
If gpg’s automatic transformation of the private keys to the new format fails, automatic transformation of the private keys to the new format fails, you
you will need to re-import your private keyring as well: will need to re-import your private keyring as well:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
gpg --import ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg gpg --import ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg
</programlisting> </programlisting>
The <command>gpg-agent(1)</command> man page has more details about this subject, The <command>gpg-agent(1)</command> man page has more details about this
i.e. in the "EXAMPLES" section. subject, i.e. in the "EXAMPLES" section.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<para>
<para>Other notable improvements: Other notable improvements:
<itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist> <!--
<!--
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The <command>command-not-found</command> hook was extended. <para>The <command>command-not-found</command> hook was extended.
Apart from <literal>$NIX_AUTO_INSTALL</literal> variable, Apart from <literal>$NIX_AUTO_INSTALL</literal> variable,
@ -436,18 +654,18 @@ gpg --import ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg
<command>nix-shell</command> (without installing anything).</para> <command>nix-shell</command> (without installing anything).</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
--> -->
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para><literal>ejabberd</literal> module is brought back and now works on <literal>ejabberd</literal> module is brought back and now works on NixOS.
NixOS.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem> <para>
<para>Input method support was improved. New NixOS modules (fcitx, nabi and uim), Input method support was improved. New NixOS modules (fcitx, nabi and
fcitx engines (chewing, hangul, m17n, mozc and table-other) and ibus engines (hangul and m17n) uim), fcitx engines (chewing, hangul, m17n, mozc and table-other) and ibus
have been added.</para> engines (hangul and m17n) have been added.
</listitem> </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist></para> </itemizedlist>
</para>
</section> </section>

374
nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-1609.xml
View File

@ -3,237 +3,275 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-16.09"> xml:id="sec-release-16.09">
<title>Release 16.09 (“Flounder”, 2016/09/30)</title>
<title>Release 16.09 (“Flounder”, 2016/09/30)</title> <para>
In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the
<para>In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release following highlights:
has the following highlights: </para> </para>
<itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Many NixOS configurations and Nix packages now use <para>
significantly less disk space, thanks to the <link Many NixOS configurations and Nix packages now use significantly less disk
space, thanks to the
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/7117">extensive xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/7117">extensive
work on closure size reduction</link>. For example, the closure work on closure size reduction</link>. For example, the closure size of a
size of a minimal NixOS container went down from ~424 MiB in 16.03 minimal NixOS container went down from ~424 MiB in 16.03 to ~212 MiB in
to ~212 MiB in 16.09, while the closure size of Firefox went from 16.09, while the closure size of Firefox went from ~651 MiB to ~259 MiB.
~651 MiB to ~259 MiB.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>To improve security, packages are now <link <para>
To improve security, packages are now
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/12895">built xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/12895">built
using various hardening features</link>. See the Nixpkgs manual using various hardening features</link>. See the Nixpkgs manual for more
for more information.</para> information.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Support for PXE netboot. See <xref <para>
linkend="sec-booting-from-pxe" /> for documentation.</para> Support for PXE netboot. See <xref
linkend="sec-booting-from-pxe" />
for documentation.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>X.org server 1.18. If you use the <para>
<literal>ati_unfree</literal> driver, 1.17 is still used due to an X.org server 1.18. If you use the <literal>ati_unfree</literal> driver,
ABI incompatibility.</para> 1.17 is still used due to an ABI incompatibility.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>This release is based on Glibc 2.24, GCC 5.4.0 and systemd <para>
231. The default Linux kernel remains 4.4.</para> This release is based on Glibc 2.24, GCC 5.4.0 and systemd 231. The default
Linux kernel remains 4.4.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</itemizedlist> <para>
The following new services were added since the last release:
<para>The following new services were added since the last release:</para> </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><literal>(this will get automatically generated at release time)</literal></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the
following incompatible changes:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>A large number of packages have been converted to use the multiple outputs feature <para>
of Nix to greatly reduce the amount of required disk space, as <literal>(this will get automatically generated at release time)</literal>
mentioned above. This may require changes </para>
to any custom packages to make them build again; see the relevant chapter in the
Nixpkgs manual for more information. (Additional caveat to packagers: some packaging conventions
related to multiple-output packages
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/14766">were changed</link>
late (August 2016) in the release cycle and differ from the initial introduction of multiple outputs.)
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the following
incompatible changes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Previous versions of Nixpkgs had support for all versions of the LTS <para>
A large number of packages have been converted to use the multiple outputs
feature of Nix to greatly reduce the amount of required disk space, as
mentioned above. This may require changes to any custom packages to make
them build again; see the relevant chapter in the Nixpkgs manual for more
information. (Additional caveat to packagers: some packaging conventions
related to multiple-output packages
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/14766">were
changed</link> late (August 2016) in the release cycle and differ from the
initial introduction of multiple outputs.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Previous versions of Nixpkgs had support for all versions of the LTS
Haskell package set. That support has been dropped. The previously provided Haskell package set. That support has been dropped. The previously provided
<literal>haskell.packages.lts-x_y</literal> package sets still exist in <literal>haskell.packages.lts-x_y</literal> package sets still exist in
name to aviod breaking user code, but these package sets don't actually name to aviod breaking user code, but these package sets don't actually
contain the versions mandated by the corresponding LTS release. Instead, contain the versions mandated by the corresponding LTS release. Instead,
our package set it loosely based on the latest available LTS release, i.e. our package set it loosely based on the latest available LTS release, i.e.
LTS 7.x at the time of this writing. New releases of NixOS and Nixpkgs will LTS 7.x at the time of this writing. New releases of NixOS and Nixpkgs will
drop those old names entirely. <link drop those old names entirely.
<link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix-dev/2016-June/020585.html">The xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix-dev/2016-June/020585.html">The
motivation for this change</link> has been discussed at length on the motivation for this change</link> has been discussed at length on the
<literal>nix-dev</literal> mailing list and in <link <literal>nix-dev</literal> mailing list and in
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/14897">Github issue <link
#14897</link>. Development strategies for Haskell hackers who want to rely xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/14897">Github
on Nix and NixOS have been described in <link issue #14897</link>. Development strategies for Haskell hackers who want to
rely on Nix and NixOS have been described in
<link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix-dev/2016-June/020642.html">another xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix-dev/2016-June/020642.html">another
nix-dev article</link>.</para> nix-dev article</link>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Shell aliases for systemd sub-commands <para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/15598">were dropped</link>: Shell aliases for systemd sub-commands
<command>start</command>, <command>stop</command>, <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/15598">were
<command>restart</command>, <command>status</command>.</para> dropped</link>: <command>start</command>, <command>stop</command>,
<command>restart</command>, <command>status</command>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Redis now binds to 127.0.0.1 only instead of listening to all network interfaces. This is the default <para>
behavior of Redis 3.2</para> Redis now binds to 127.0.0.1 only instead of listening to all network
interfaces. This is the default behavior of Redis 3.2
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>/var/empty</literal> is now immutable. Activation script runs <command>chattr +i</command> <literal>/var/empty</literal> is now immutable. Activation script runs
to forbid any modifications inside the folder. See <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/18365"> <command>chattr +i</command> to forbid any modifications inside the folder.
the pull request</link> for what bugs this caused. See <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/18365"> the
</para> pull request</link> for what bugs this caused.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Gitlab's maintainance script <para>
<command>gitlab-runner</command> was removed and split up into the Gitlab's maintainance script <command>gitlab-runner</command> was removed
more clearer <command>gitlab-run</command> and and split up into the more clearer <command>gitlab-run</command> and
<command>gitlab-rake</command> scripts, because <command>gitlab-rake</command> scripts, because
<command>gitlab-runner</command> is a component of Gitlab <command>gitlab-runner</command> is a component of Gitlab CI.
CI.</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>services.xserver.libinput.accelProfile</literal> default <para>
changed from <literal>flat</literal> to <literal>adaptive</literal>, <literal>services.xserver.libinput.accelProfile</literal> default changed
as per <link xlink:href="https://wayland.freedesktop.org/libinput/doc/latest/group__config.html#gad63796972347f318b180e322e35cee79"> from <literal>flat</literal> to <literal>adaptive</literal>, as per
official documentation</link>.</para> <link xlink:href="https://wayland.freedesktop.org/libinput/doc/latest/group__config.html#gad63796972347f318b180e322e35cee79">
official documentation</link>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>fonts.fontconfig.ultimate.rendering</literal> was removed <para>
because our presets were obsolete for some time. New presets are hardcoded <literal>fonts.fontconfig.ultimate.rendering</literal> was removed because
into FreeType; you can select a preset via <literal>fonts.fontconfig.ultimate.preset</literal>. our presets were obsolete for some time. New presets are hardcoded into
You can customize those presets via ordinary environment variables, using FreeType; you can select a preset via
<literal>environment.variables</literal>.</para> <literal>fonts.fontconfig.ultimate.preset</literal>. You can customize
those presets via ordinary environment variables, using
<literal>environment.variables</literal>.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The <literal>audit</literal> service is no longer enabled by default. <para>
Use <literal>security.audit.enable = true</literal> to explicitly enable it.</para> The <literal>audit</literal> service is no longer enabled by default. Use
<literal>security.audit.enable = true</literal> to explicitly enable it.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>pkgs.linuxPackages.virtualbox</literal> now contains only the <literal>pkgs.linuxPackages.virtualbox</literal> now contains only the
kernel modules instead of the VirtualBox user space binaries. kernel modules instead of the VirtualBox user space binaries. If you want
If you want to reference the user space binaries, you have to use the new to reference the user space binaries, you have to use the new
<literal>pkgs.virtualbox</literal> instead. <literal>pkgs.virtualbox</literal> instead.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>goPackages</literal> was replaced with separated Go <para>
applications in appropriate <literal>nixpkgs</literal> <literal>goPackages</literal> was replaced with separated Go applications
categories. Each Go package uses its own dependency set. There's in appropriate <literal>nixpkgs</literal> categories. Each Go package uses
also a new <literal>go2nix</literal> tool introduced to generate a its own dependency set. There's also a new <literal>go2nix</literal> tool
Go package definition from its Go source automatically.</para> introduced to generate a Go package definition from its Go source
automatically.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>services.mongodb.extraConfig</literal> configuration format <para>
was changed to YAML.</para> <literal>services.mongodb.extraConfig</literal> configuration format was
changed to YAML.
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
PHP has been upgraded to 7.0 PHP has been upgraded to 7.0
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<para>
Other notable improvements:
</para>
<para>Other notable improvements:</para> <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist> <para>
Revamped grsecurity/PaX support. There is now only a single general-purpose
<listitem><para>Revamped grsecurity/PaX support. There is now only a single distribution kernel and the configuration interface has been streamlined.
general-purpose distribution kernel and the configuration interface has been Desktop users should be able to simply set
streamlined. Desktop users should be able to simply set <programlisting>security.grsecurity.enable = true</programlisting>
<programlisting>security.grsecurity.enable = true</programlisting> to get to get a reasonably secure system without having to sacrifice too much
a reasonably secure system without having to sacrifice too much functionality.
functionality. </para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para>Special filesystems, like <literal>/proc</literal>, <para>
<literal>/run</literal> and others, now have the same mount options Special filesystems, like <literal>/proc</literal>, <literal>/run</literal>
as recommended by systemd and are unified across different places in and others, now have the same mount options as recommended by systemd and
NixOS. Mount options are updated during <command>nixos-rebuild are unified across different places in NixOS. Mount options are updated
switch</command> if possible. One benefit from this is improved during <command>nixos-rebuild switch</command> if possible. One benefit
security — most such filesystems are now mounted with from this is improved security — most such filesystems are now mounted
<literal>noexec</literal>, <literal>nodev</literal> and/or with <literal>noexec</literal>, <literal>nodev</literal> and/or
<literal>nosuid</literal> options.</para></listitem> <literal>nosuid</literal> options.
</para>
<listitem><para>The reverse path filter was interfering with DHCPv4 server </listitem>
operation in the past. An exception for DHCPv4 and a new option to log <listitem>
packets that were dropped due to the reverse path filter was added <para>
(<literal>networking.firewall.logReversePathDrops</literal>) for easier The reverse path filter was interfering with DHCPv4 server operation in the
debugging.</para></listitem> past. An exception for DHCPv4 and a new option to log packets that were
dropped due to the reverse path filter was added
<listitem><para>Containers configuration within (<literal>networking.firewall.logReversePathDrops</literal>) for easier
<literal>containers.&lt;name&gt;.config</literal> is <link debugging.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Containers configuration within
<literal>containers.&lt;name&gt;.config</literal> is
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/17365">now xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/17365">now
properly typed and checked</link>. In particular, partial properly typed and checked</link>. In particular, partial configurations
configurations are merged correctly.</para></listitem> are merged correctly.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>The directory container setuid wrapper programs, <para>
<filename>/var/setuid-wrappers</filename>, <link The directory container setuid wrapper programs,
<filename>/var/setuid-wrappers</filename>,
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/18124">is now xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/18124">is now
updated atomically to prevent failures if the switch to a new updated atomically to prevent failures if the switch to a new configuration
configuration is interrupted.</link></para> is interrupted.</link>
</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para><literal>services.xserver.startGnuPGAgent</literal> <para>
has been removed due to GnuPG 2.1.x bump. See <link <literal>services.xserver.startGnuPGAgent</literal> has been removed due to
GnuPG 2.1.x bump. See
<link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/5391882ebd781149e213e8817fba6ac3c503740c"> xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/5391882ebd781149e213e8817fba6ac3c503740c">
how to achieve similar behavior</link>. You might need to how to achieve similar behavior</link>. You might need to <literal>pkill
<literal>pkill gpg-agent</literal> after the upgrade gpg-agent</literal> after the upgrade to prevent a stale agent being in the
to prevent a stale agent being in the way. way.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para> <para>
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/e561edc322d275c3687fec431935095cfc717147"> <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/e561edc322d275c3687fec431935095cfc717147">
Declarative users could share the uid due to the bug in Declarative users could share the uid due to the bug in the script handling
the script handling conflict resolution. conflict resolution. </link>
</link> </para>
</para></listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<listitem><para> <para>
Gummi boot has been replaced using systemd-boot. Gummi boot has been replaced using systemd-boot.
</para></listitem> </para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para> <listitem>
<para>
Hydra package and NixOS module were added for convenience. Hydra package and NixOS module were added for convenience.
</para></listitem> </para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</section> </section>

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@ -3,153 +3,158 @@
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-18.09"> xml:id="sec-release-18.09">
<title>Release 18.09 (“Jellyfish”, 2018/09/??)</title>
<title>Release 18.09 (“Jellyfish”, 2018/09/??)</title> <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-18.09-highlights"> xml:id="sec-release-18.09-highlights">
<title>Highlights</title>
<title>Highlights</title> <para>
In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release has the
following highlights:
</para>
<para>In addition to numerous new and upgraded packages, this release <itemizedlist>
has the following highlights: </para> <listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para> <para>
User channels are now in the default <literal>NIX_PATH</literal>, User channels are now in the default <literal>NIX_PATH</literal>, allowing
allowing users to use their personal <command>nix-channel</command> users to use their personal <command>nix-channel</command> defined
defined channels in <command>nix-build</command> and channels in <command>nix-build</command> and <command>nix-shell</command>
<command>nix-shell</command> commands, as well as in imports like commands, as well as in imports like <code>import
<code>import &lt;mychannel&gt;</code>. &lt;mychannel&gt;</code>.
</para> </para>
<para>For example</para> <para>
<programlisting> For example
</para>
<programlisting>
$ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable nixpkgsunstable $ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixpkgs-unstable nixpkgsunstable
$ nix-channel --update $ nix-channel --update
$ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt;' -A gitFull $ nix-build '&lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt;' -A gitFull
$ nix run -f '&lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt;' gitFull $ nix run -f '&lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt;' gitFull
$ nix-instantiate -E '(import &lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt; {}).gitFull' $ nix-instantiate -E '(import &lt;nixpkgsunstable&gt; {}).gitFull'
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</section>
</section> <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-18.09-new-services"> xml:id="sec-release-18.09-new-services">
<title>New Services</title>
<title>New Services</title> <para>
The following new services were added since the last release:
</para>
<para>The following new services were added since the last release:</para> <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para></para> <para></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</section>
</section> <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-18.09-incompatibilities"> xml:id="sec-release-18.09-incompatibilities">
<title>Backward Incompatibilities</title>
<title>Backward Incompatibilities</title> <para>
When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the following
incompatible changes:
</para>
<para>When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the <itemizedlist>
following incompatible changes:</para> <listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.strict</literal> is removed. Use <literal>builtins.seq</literal> instead. <literal>lib.strict</literal> is removed. Use
<literal>builtins.seq</literal> instead.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
The <literal>clementine</literal> package points now to the free derivation. The <literal>clementine</literal> package points now to the free
<literal>clementineFree</literal> is removed now and <literal>clementineUnfree</literal> derivation. <literal>clementineFree</literal> is removed now and
points to the package which is bundled with the unfree <literal>libspotify</literal> package. <literal>clementineUnfree</literal> points to the package which is bundled
with the unfree <literal>libspotify</literal> package.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
The <literal>netcat</literal> package is now taken directly from OpenBSD's The <literal>netcat</literal> package is now taken directly from OpenBSD's
<literal>libressl</literal>, instead of relying on Debian's fork. The new <literal>libressl</literal>, instead of relying on Debian's fork. The new
version should be very close to the old version, but there are some minor version should be very close to the old version, but there are some minor
differences. Importantly, flags like -b, -q, -C, and -Z are no longer differences. Importantly, flags like -b, -q, -C, and -Z are no longer
accepted by the nc command. accepted by the nc command.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</section>
</section> <section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0" version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-18.09-notable-changes"> xml:id="sec-release-18.09-notable-changes">
<title>Other Notable Changes</title>
<title>Other Notable Changes</title> <itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.attrNamesToStr</literal> has been deprecated. Use <literal>lib.attrNamesToStr</literal> has been deprecated. Use more
more specific concatenation (<literal>lib.concat(Map)StringsSep</literal>) specific concatenation (<literal>lib.concat(Map)StringsSep</literal>)
instead. instead.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.addErrorContextToAttrs</literal> has been deprecated. Use <literal>lib.addErrorContextToAttrs</literal> has been deprecated. Use
<literal>builtins.addErrorContext</literal> directly. <literal>builtins.addErrorContext</literal> directly.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.showVal</literal> has been deprecated. Use <literal>lib.showVal</literal> has been deprecated. Use
<literal>lib.traceSeqN</literal> instead. <literal>lib.traceSeqN</literal> instead.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.traceXMLVal</literal> has been deprecated. Use <literal>lib.traceXMLVal</literal> has been deprecated. Use
<literal>lib.traceValFn builtins.toXml</literal> instead. <literal>lib.traceValFn builtins.toXml</literal> instead.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.traceXMLValMarked</literal> has been deprecated. Use <literal>lib.traceXMLValMarked</literal> has been deprecated. Use
<literal>lib.traceValFn (x: str + builtins.toXML x)</literal> instead. <literal>lib.traceValFn (x: str + builtins.toXML x)</literal> instead.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.traceValIfNot</literal> has been deprecated. Use <literal>lib.traceValIfNot</literal> has been deprecated. Use
<literal>if/then/else</literal> and <literal>lib.traceValSeq</literal> <literal>if/then/else</literal> and <literal>lib.traceValSeq</literal>
instead. instead.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
<literal>lib.traceCallXml</literal> has been deprecated. Please complain <literal>lib.traceCallXml</literal> has been deprecated. Please complain
if you use the function regularly. if you use the function regularly.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
The attribute <literal>lib.nixpkgsVersion</literal> has been deprecated in favor of The attribute <literal>lib.nixpkgsVersion</literal> has been deprecated in
<literal>lib.version</literal>. Please refer to the discussion in favor of <literal>lib.version</literal>. Please refer to the discussion in
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/39416#discussion_r183845745">NixOS/nixpkgs#39416</link> for further reference. <link xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/39416#discussion_r183845745">NixOS/nixpkgs#39416</link>
for further reference.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
</section> </section>