* Update the installation instructions.
svn path=/nixos/trunk/; revision=34083
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Eelco Dolstra
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@ -4,6 +4,23 @@
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<title>Installation</title>
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<!--===============================================================-->
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<section>
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<title>Obtaining NixOS</title>
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<para>NixOS ISO images can be downloaded from the <link
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xlink:href="http://nixos.org/nixos/download.html">NixOS
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homepage</link>. These can be burned onto a CD. It is also possible
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to copy them onto a USB stick and install NixOS from there. For
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details, see the <link
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xlink:href="https://nixos.org/wiki/Installing_NixOS_from_a_USB_stick">NixOS
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Wiki</link>.</para>
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</section>
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<!--===============================================================-->
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<section>
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@ -21,8 +38,8 @@
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<command>ifconfig</command>). Networking is necessary for the
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installer, since it will download lots of stuff (such as source
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tarballs or Nixpkgs channel binaries). It’s best if you have a DHCP
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server on your network. Otherwise configure
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manually.</para></listitem>
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server on your network. Otherwise configure networking manually
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using <command>ifconfig</command>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The NixOS manual is available on virtual console 8
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(press Alt+F8 to access).</para></listitem>
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@ -30,6 +47,9 @@
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<listitem><para>Login as <literal>root</literal>, empty
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password.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>If you downloaded the graphical ISO image, you can
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run <command>start xserver</command> to start KDE.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The NixOS installer doesn’t do any partitioning or
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formatting yet, so you need to that yourself. Use the following
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commands:
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@ -39,12 +59,9 @@
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<listitem><para>For partitioning:
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<command>fdisk</command>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>For initialising Ext2/Ext3 partitions:
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<command>mke2fs</command>. Ext3 is recommended; use the
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<option>-j</option> to create a journalled file system. For
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faster access to the Nix store, you may also want to use the
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<option>-O dir_index</option>. It is also recommended that you
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assign a unique symbolic label to the file system using the option
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<listitem><para>For initialising Ext4 partitions:
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<command>mkfs.ext4</command>. It is recommended that you assign a
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unique symbolic label to the file system using the option
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<option>-L <replaceable>label</replaceable></option>. This will
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make the file system configuration independent from device
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changes.</para></listitem>
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@ -62,43 +79,42 @@ $ vgcreate MyVolGroup /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
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$ lvcreate --size 2G --name bigdisk MyVolGroup
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$ lvcreate --size 1G --name smalldisk MyVolGroup</screen>
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Possibly you’ll need to do <userinput>initctl start
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lvm</userinput> after this (TODO: check whether this is
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needed).</para></listitem>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>For creating software RAID devices:
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<listitem><para>For creating software RAID devices, use
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<command>mdadm</command>.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Mount the target file system on
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<filename>/mnt</filename> on which NixOS would be installed.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Mount the target file system on which NixOS should
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be installed on <filename>/mnt</filename>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Generate a template configuration for the target system:</para>
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<para>The command <command>nixos-option</command> can
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generate an initial configuration file for you, i.e.,
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<para>You now need to create a file
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<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> that
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specifies the intended configuration of the system. This is
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because NixOS has a <emphasis>declarative</emphasis> configuration
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model: you create or edit a description of the configuration that
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you want to be built and activated, and then NixOS takes care of
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realising that configuration. The command
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<command>nixos-option</command> can generate an initial
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configuration file for you:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-option --install</screen>
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It tries to figure out the modules necessary for mounting the root
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device, as well as various other hardware characteristics.
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However, it doesn’t try to figure out the
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It tries to figure out the kernel modules necessary for mounting
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the root device, as well as various other hardware
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characteristics. However, it doesn’t try to figure out the
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<option>fileSystems</option> option yet.</para>
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<para>Edit <filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> to
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configure your system. The installation is declarative; you need to
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write a description of the configuration that you want to be built and
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activated. The configuration is specified in a Nix expression and must
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be stored <emphasis>on the target file system</emphasis>. The text
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editors <command>nano</command> and <command>vim</command> are
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available.</para>
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<para>You should edit
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<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> to suit your
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needs. The text editors <command>nano</command> and
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<command>vim</command> are available.</para>
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<para>You need to specify a root file system in
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<option>fileSystems</option> and the target device for the Grub boot
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@ -110,26 +126,26 @@ $ nixos-option --install</screen>
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<option>boot.initrd.kernelModules</option> all kernel modules that
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are necessary for mounting the root file system, otherwise the
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installed system will not be able to boot. (If this happens, boot
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from CD again, mount the target file system on
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from the CD again, mount the target file system on
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<filename>/mnt</filename>, fix
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<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> and rerun
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<filename>nixos-install</filename>.)
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<command>nixos-hardware-scan</command> should figure out the
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required modules in most cases.</para></note>
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<filename>nixos-install</filename>.) In most cases,
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<command>nixos-option --install</command> will figure out the
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required modules.</para></note>
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<para>Examples are available in
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<filename>/etc/nixos/nixos/doc/config-examples</filename> and some
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actual NixOS configuration can be found at <link
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<para>Examples of real-world NixOS configuration files can be
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found at <link
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xlink:href="https://nixos.org/repos/nix/configurations/trunk/"/>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>If your machine has a limited amount of memory, you
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may want to activate swap devices now (<command>swapon
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<replaceable>device</replaceable></command>). The installer (or
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rather, the build actions that it may spawn) may need quite a bit of
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RAM, depending on your configuration.</para></listitem>
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<!--
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<listitem><para>Optionally, you can run
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<screen>
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@ -137,6 +153,7 @@ $ nixos-checkout</screen>
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to make the installer use the latest NixOS/Nixpkgs sources from the
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Subversion repository, rather than the sources on CD.</para></listitem>
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-->
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<listitem><para>Do the installation:
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@ -145,7 +162,7 @@ $ nixos-install</screen>
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Cross fingers.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>If everything went well:
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<listitem><para>If everything went well:
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<screen>
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$ reboot</screen>
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@ -159,7 +176,7 @@ $ reboot</screen>
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configurations</emphasis> (initially just one). Every time you
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change the NixOS configuration (see <xref
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linkend="sec-changing-config" />), a new item appears in the menu.
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This allows you to go back easily to another configuration if
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This allows you to easily roll back to another configuration if
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something goes wrong.</para>
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<para>You should log in and change the <literal>root</literal>
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@ -192,10 +209,8 @@ $ nix-env -i w3m</screen>
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<para><xref linkend="ex-install-sequence" /> shows a typical sequence
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of commands for installing NixOS on an empty hard drive (here
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<filename>/dev/sda). <xref linkend="ex-config" /> shows a
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corresponding configuration Nix expression.</filename>
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</para>
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<filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config" /> shows a
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corresponding configuration Nix expression.</para>
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<example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'><title>Commands for installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
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<screen>
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