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doc: explain pull request template

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@ -223,6 +223,133 @@ Additional information.
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section>
<title>Pull Request Template</title>
<para>
The pull request template helps determine what steps have been made for a
contribution so far, and will help guide maintainers on the status of a
change. The motivation section of the PR should include any extra details
the title does not address and link any existing issues related to the pull
request.
</para>
<para>When a PR is created, it will be pre-populated with some checkboxes detailed below:
</para>
<section>
<title>Tested using sandboxing</title>
<para>
When sandbox builds are enabled, Nix will setup an isolated environment
for each build process. It is used to remove further hidden dependencies
set by the build environment to improve reproducibility. This includes
access to the network during the build outside of
<function>fetch*</function> functions and files outside the Nix store.
Depending on the operating system access to other resources are blocked
as well (ex. inter process communication is isolated on Linux); see <link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nix/manual/#description-45">build-use-sandbox</link>
in Nix manual for details.
</para>
<para>
Sandboxing is not enabled by default in Nix due to a small performance
hit on each build. In pull requests for <link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/">nixpkgs</link> people
are asked to test builds with sandboxing enabled (see <literal>Tested
using sandboxing</literal> in the pull request template) because
in<link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/hydra/">https://nixos.org/hydra/</link>
sandboxing is also used.
</para>
<para>
Depending if you use NixOS or other platforms you can use one of the
following methods to enable sandboxing <emphasis role="bold">before</emphasis> building the package:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Globally enable sandboxing on NixOS</emphasis>:
add the following to
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>
<screen>nix.useSandbox = true;</screen>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Globally enable sandboxing on non-NixOS platforms</emphasis>:
add the following to: <filename>/etc/nix/nix.conf</filename>
<screen>build-use-sandbox = true</screen>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Built on platform(s)</title>
<para>
Many Nix packages are designed to run on multiple
platforms. As such, it's important to let the maintainer know which
platforms your changes have been tested on. It's not always practical to
test a change on all platforms, and is not required for a pull request to
be merged. Only check the systems you tested the build on in this
section.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Tested via one or more NixOS test(s) if existing and applicable for the change (look inside nixos/tests)</title>
<para>
Packages with automated tests are much more likely to be merged in a
timely fashion because it doesn't require as much manual testing by the
maintainer to verify the functionality of the package. If there are
existing tests for the package, they should be run to verify your changes
do not break the tests. Tests only apply to packages with NixOS modules
defined and can only be run on Linux. For more details on writing and
running tests, see the <link
xlink:href="https://nixos.org/nixos/manual/index.html#sec-nixos-tests">section
in the NixOS manual</link>.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Tested compilation of all pkgs that depend on this change using <command>nox-review</command></title>
<para>
If you are updating a package's version, you can use nox to make sure all
packages that depend on the updated package still compile correctly. This
can be done using the nox utility. The <command>nox-review</command>
utility can look for and build all dependencies either based on
uncommited changes with the <literal>wip</literal> option or specifying a
github pull request number.
</para>
<para>
review uncommitted changes:
<screen>nix-shell -p nox --run nox-review wip</screen>
</para>
<para>
review changes from pull request number 12345:
<screen>nix-shell -p nox --run nox-review pr 12345</screen>
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Tested execution of all binary files (usually in <filename>./result/bin/</filename>)</title>
<para>
It's important to test any executables generated by a build when you
change or create a package in nixpkgs. This can be done by looking in
<filename>./result/bin</filename> and running any files in there, or at a
minimum, the main executable for the package. For example, if you make a change
to <package>texlive</package>, you probably would only check the binaries
associated with the change you made rather than testing all of them.
</para>
</section>
<section>
<title>Meets nixpkgs contribution standards</title>
<para>
The last checkbox is fits <link
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md">CONTRIBUTING.md</link>.
The contributing document has detailed information on standards the Nix
community has for commit messages, reviews, licensing of contributions
you make to the project, etc... Everyone should read and understand the
standards the community has for contributing before submitting a pull
request.
</para>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<title>Hotfixing pull requests</title>