Manual: Explicitly mark commands that require to be run as root (#15589)
* manual: Mark commands that require root Mark every command that requires to be run as root by prefixing them with '#' instead of '$'. * manual: Add note about commands that require root
This commit is contained in:
Wilhelm Schuster
Domen Kožar
parent
f547137425
commit
5f8d14546b
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Alternatively, you can use a systemd unit that does the same in the
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background:
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<screen>
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$ systemctl start nix-gc.service
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# systemctl start nix-gc.service
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</screen>
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You can tell NixOS in <filename>configuration.nix</filename> to run
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ create</literal>, it gets it own private IPv4 address in the range
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address as follows:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container show-ip foo
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# nixos-container show-ip foo
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10.233.4.2
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$ ping -c1 10.233.4.2
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
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identifier <literal>foo</literal> as follows:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container create foo
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# nixos-container create foo
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</screen>
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This creates the container’s root directory in
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ line. For instance, to create a container that has
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<literal>root</literal>:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container create foo --config 'services.openssh.enable = true; \
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# nixos-container create foo --config 'services.openssh.enable = true; \
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users.extraUsers.root.openssh.authorizedKeys.keys = ["ssh-dss AAAAB3N…"];'
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</screen>
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ $ nixos-container create foo --config 'services.openssh.enable = true; \
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run:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container start foo
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# nixos-container start foo
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</screen>
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This command will return as soon as the container has booted and has
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Thus, if something went wrong, you can get status info using
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<command>systemctl</command>:
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<screen>
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$ systemctl status container@foo
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# systemctl status container@foo
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ $ systemctl status container@foo
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root using the <command>root-login</command> operation:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container root-login foo
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# nixos-container root-login foo
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[root@foo:~]#
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</screen>
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@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ authentication). You can also get a regular login prompt using the
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the host:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container login foo
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# nixos-container login foo
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foo login: alice
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Password: ***
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</screen>
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ With <command>nixos-container run</command>, you can execute arbitrary
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commands in the container:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container run foo -- uname -a
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# nixos-container run foo -- uname -a
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Linux foo 3.4.82 #1-NixOS SMP Thu Mar 20 14:44:05 UTC 2014 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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</screen>
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@ -86,17 +86,17 @@ container. First, on the host, you can edit
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and run
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container update foo
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# nixos-container update foo
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</screen>
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This will build and activate the new configuration. You can also
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specify a new configuration on the command line:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container update foo --config 'services.httpd.enable = true; \
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# nixos-container update foo --config 'services.httpd.enable = true; \
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services.httpd.adminAddr = "foo@example.org";'
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$ curl http://$(nixos-container show-ip foo)/
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# curl http://$(nixos-container show-ip foo)/
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">…
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</screen>
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ start</literal>, respectively, or by using
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destroy a container, including its file system, do
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<screen>
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$ nixos-container destroy foo
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# nixos-container destroy foo
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
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<para>You can enter rescue mode by running:
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<screen>
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$ systemctl rescue</screen>
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# systemctl rescue</screen>
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This will eventually give you a single-user root shell. Systemd will
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stop (almost) all system services. To get out of maintenance mode,
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@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ You can disable the use of the binary cache by adding <option>--option
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use-binary-caches false</option>, e.g.
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch --option use-binary-caches false
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# nixos-rebuild switch --option use-binary-caches false
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</screen>
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If you have an alternative binary cache at your disposal, you can use
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it instead:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches http://my-cache.example.org/
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# nixos-rebuild switch --option binary-caches http://my-cache.example.org/
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
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doing:
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<screen>
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$ shutdown
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# shutdown
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</screen>
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This is equivalent to running <command>systemctl
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ poweroff</command>.</para>
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<para>To reboot the system, run
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<screen>
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$ reboot
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# reboot
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</screen>
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which is equivalent to <command>systemctl reboot</command>.
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Alternatively, you can quickly reboot the system using
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the new kernel into memory:
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<screen>
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$ systemctl kexec
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# systemctl kexec
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fails to boot. After the system has booted, you can make the selected
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configuration the default for subsequent boots:
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<screen>
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$ /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot</screen>
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# /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot</screen>
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</para>
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@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ $ /run/current-system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot</screen>
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system:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch --rollback</screen>
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# nixos-rebuild switch --rollback</screen>
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This is equivalent to running:
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<screen>
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$ /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-<replaceable>N</replaceable>-link/bin/switch-to-configuration switch</screen>
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# /nix/var/nix/profiles/system-<replaceable>N</replaceable>-link/bin/switch-to-configuration switch</screen>
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where <replaceable>N</replaceable> is the number of the NixOS system
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configuration. To get a list of the available configurations, do:
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@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ messages from the service.
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<para>Units can be stopped, started or restarted:
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<screen>
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$ systemctl stop postgresql.service
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$ systemctl start postgresql.service
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$ systemctl restart postgresql.service
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# systemctl stop postgresql.service
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# systemctl start postgresql.service
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# systemctl restart postgresql.service
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</screen>
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These operations are synchronous: they wait until the service has
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ you may be able to fix it automatically.</para>
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system configuration, you can fix it by doing
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch --repair
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# nixos-rebuild switch --repair
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</screen>
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This will cause Nix to check every path in the closure, and if its
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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ the path is rebuilt or redownloaded.</para>
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<para>You can also scan the entire Nix store for corrupt paths:
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<screen>
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$ nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair
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# nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair
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</screen>
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Any corrupt paths will be redownloaded if they’re available in a
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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ track of this, you can terminate a session in a way that ensures that
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all the session’s processes are gone:
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<screen>
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$ loginctl terminate-session c3
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# loginctl terminate-session c3
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ and you run <command>nixos-rebuild</command>, specifying your own
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Nixpkgs tree:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=/path/to/my/nixpkgs</screen>
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# nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=/path/to/my/nixpkgs</screen>
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</para>
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@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ $ nix-shell '<nixpkgs>' -A linuxPackages.kernel
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$ unpackPhase
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$ cd linux-*
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$ make -C $dev/lib/modules/*/build M=$(pwd)/drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox modules
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$ sudo insmod ./drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/mlx5_core.ko
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# insmod ./drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/mlx5_core.ko
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]]></screen>
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</section>
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ here is how you create an encrypted Ext4 file system on the device
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<filename>/dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d</filename>:
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<screen>
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$ cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d
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# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d
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WARNING!
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========
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@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
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Enter LUKS passphrase: ***
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Verify passphrase: ***
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$ cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d crypted
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# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d crypted
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Enter passphrase for /dev/disk/by-uuid/3f6b0024-3a44-4fde-a43a-767b872abe5d: ***
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$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/crypted
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# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/crypted
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</screen>
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To ensure that this file system is automatically mounted at boot time
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@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ commands such as <command>useradd</command>,
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account named <literal>alice</literal>:
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<screen>
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$ useradd -m alice</screen>
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# useradd -m alice</screen>
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To make all nix tools available to this new user use `su - USER` which
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opens a login shell (==shell that loads the profile) for given user.
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This will create the ~/.nix-defexpr symlink. So run:
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<screen>
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$ su - alice -c "true"</screen>
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# su - alice -c "true"</screen>
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The flag <option>-m</option> causes the creation of a home directory
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@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ have an initial password and therefore cannot log in. A password can
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be set using the <command>passwd</command> utility:
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<screen>
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$ passwd alice
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# passwd alice
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Enter new UNIX password: ***
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Retype new UNIX password: ***
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</screen>
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@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Retype new UNIX password: ***
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A user can be deleted using <command>userdel</command>:
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<screen>
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$ userdel -r alice</screen>
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# userdel -r alice</screen>
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The flag <option>-r</option> deletes the user’s home directory.
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Accounts can be modified using <command>usermod</command>. Unix
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@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ If you are using WPA2 the <command>wpa_passphrase</command> tool might be useful
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to generate the <literal>wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>.
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<screen>
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$ wpa_passphrase ESSID PSK > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</screen>
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# wpa_passphrase ESSID PSK > /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf</screen>
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After you have edited the <literal>wpa_supplicant.conf</literal>,
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you need to restart the wpa_supplicant service.
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<screen>
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$ systemctl restart wpa_supplicant.service</screen>
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# systemctl restart wpa_supplicant.service</screen>
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</para>
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</section>
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@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ services.xserver.autorun = false;
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</programlisting>
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The X server can then be started manually:
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<screen>
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$ systemctl start display-manager.service
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# systemctl start display-manager.service
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ $ nix-build -A config.system.build.isoImage -I nixos-config=modules/installer/cd
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suggested by the following command:
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<screen>
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$ mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./result/iso/cd.iso /mnt/iso</screen>
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# mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./result/iso/cd.iso /mnt/iso</screen>
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</para>
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@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ $ nix-build -A 'config.systemd.units."httpd.service".unit'
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<screen>
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$ cp $(nix-build -A 'config.systemd.units."httpd.service".unit')/httpd.service \
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/run/systemd/system/tmp-httpd.service
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$ systemctl daemon-reload
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$ systemctl start tmp-httpd.service
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# systemctl daemon-reload
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# systemctl start tmp-httpd.service
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</screen>
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Note that the unit must not have the same name as any unit in
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@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ sources, you need to tell <command>nixos-rebuild</command> about them
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using the <option>-I</option> flag:
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs
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# nixos-rebuild switch -I nixpkgs=<replaceable>/my/sources</replaceable>/nixpkgs
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ properly:
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<screen>
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$ nix-build -A config.system.build.nixos-install
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$ mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
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$ ./result/bin/nixos-install</screen>
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# mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
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# ./result/bin/nixos-install</screen>
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To start a login shell in the new NixOS installation in
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<filename>/mnt</filename>:
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<screen>
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$ ./result/bin/nixos-install --chroot
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# ./result/bin/nixos-install --chroot
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</screen>
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</para>
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ contains the current configuration of your machine. Whenever you’ve
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changed something to that file, you should do
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch</screen>
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# nixos-rebuild switch</screen>
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to build the new configuration, make it the default configuration for
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booting, and try to realise the configuration in the running system
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ either run them from a root shell or by prefixing them with
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<para>You can also do
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild test</screen>
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# nixos-rebuild test</screen>
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to build the configuration and switch the running system to it, but
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without making it the boot default. So if (say) the configuration
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ configuration.</para>
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<para>There is also
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild boot</screen>
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# nixos-rebuild boot</screen>
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to build the configuration and make it the boot default, but not
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switch to it now (so it will only take effect after the next
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ of the GRUB 2 boot screen by giving it a different <emphasis>profile
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name</emphasis>, e.g.
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<screen>
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$ nixos-rebuild switch -p test </screen>
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# nixos-rebuild switch -p test </screen>
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which causes the new configuration (and previous ones created using
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<literal>-p test</literal>) to show up in the GRUB submenu “NixOS -
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
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changes. For example:
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<screen>
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$ mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1</screen>
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# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1</screen>
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</para></listitem>
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@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ $ mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1</screen>
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<listitem><para>For creating LVM volumes, the LVM commands, e.g.,
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<screen>
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$ pvcreate /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
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$ vgcreate MyVolGroup /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
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$ lvcreate --size 2G --name bigdisk MyVolGroup
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$ lvcreate --size 1G --name smalldisk MyVolGroup</screen>
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# pvcreate /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
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# vgcreate MyVolGroup /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1
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# lvcreate --size 2G --name bigdisk MyVolGroup
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# lvcreate --size 1G --name smalldisk MyVolGroup</screen>
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</para></listitem>
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@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ $ lvcreate --size 1G --name smalldisk MyVolGroup</screen>
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be installed on <filename>/mnt</filename>, e.g.
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<screen>
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$ mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
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# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
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</screen>
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</para></listitem>
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@ -113,14 +113,14 @@ $ mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
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generate an initial configuration file for you:
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<screen>
|
||||
$ nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
|
||||
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
You should then edit
|
||||
<filename>/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</filename> to suit your
|
||||
needs:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
If you’re using the graphical ISO image, other editors may be
|
||||
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ $ nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
<listitem><para>Do the installation:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nixos-install</screen>
|
||||
# nixos-install</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
Cross fingers. If this fails due to a temporary problem (such as
|
||||
a network issue while downloading binaries from the NixOS binary
|
||||
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Retype new UNIX password: ***
|
||||
<listitem><para>If everything went well:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ reboot</screen>
|
||||
# reboot</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</para></listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
@ -235,15 +235,15 @@ drive (here <filename>/dev/sda</filename>). <xref linkend="ex-config"
|
||||
|
||||
<example xml:id='ex-install-sequence'><title>Commands for Installing NixOS on <filename>/dev/sda</filename></title>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
|
||||
$ mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
|
||||
$ mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
|
||||
$ swapon /dev/sda2
|
||||
$ mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
|
||||
$ nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
|
||||
$ nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
$ nixos-install
|
||||
$ reboot</screen>
|
||||
# fdisk /dev/sda # <lineannotation>(or whatever device you want to install on)</lineannotation>
|
||||
# mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/sda1
|
||||
# mkswap -L swap /dev/sda2
|
||||
# swapon /dev/sda2
|
||||
# mount /dev/disk/by-label/nixos /mnt
|
||||
# nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
|
||||
# nano /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
||||
# nixos-install
|
||||
# reboot</screen>
|
||||
</example>
|
||||
|
||||
<example xml:id='ex-config'><title>NixOS Configuration</title>
|
||||
|
||||
@ -60,33 +60,33 @@ the <literal>nixos-14.12</literal> channel. To see which NixOS
|
||||
channel you’re subscribed to, run the following as root:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nix-channel --list | grep nixos
|
||||
# nix-channel --list | grep nixos
|
||||
nixos https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
To switch to a different NixOS channel, do
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/<replaceable>channel-name</replaceable> nixos
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/<replaceable>channel-name</replaceable> nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
(Be sure to include the <literal>nixos</literal> parameter at the
|
||||
end.) For instance, to use the NixOS 14.12 stable channel:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-14.12 nixos
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-14.12 nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
If you have a server, you may want to use the “small” channel instead:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-14.12-small nixos
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-14.12-small nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
And if you want to live on the bleeding edge:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
|
||||
# nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ $ nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
|
||||
channel by running
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
$ nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
|
||||
# nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
which is equivalent to the more verbose <literal>nix-channel --update
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
|
||||
xlink:href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues">NixOS’ GitHub
|
||||
issue tracker</link>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>Commands prefixed with <literal>#</literal> have to be run as
|
||||
root, either requiring to login as root user or temporarily switching
|
||||
to it using <literal>sudo</literal> for example.</note>
|
||||
</preface>
|
||||
|
||||
<xi:include href="installation/installation.xml" />
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user