drgn is currently licensed as GPLv3+. Part of the long term vision for
drgn is that other projects can use it as a library providing
programmatic interfaces for debugger functionality. A more permissive
license is better suited to this goal. We decided on LGPLv2.1+ as a good
balance between software freedom and permissiveness.
All contributors not employed by Meta were contacted via email and
consented to the license change. The only exception was the author of
commit c4fbf7e589 ("libdrgn: fix for compilation error"), who did not
respond. That commit reverted a single line of code to one originally
written by me in commit 640b1c011d ("libdrgn: embed DWARF index in
DWARF info cache").
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Now that we made the other memory management helpers generic, the last
thing to implement for AArch64 is page table walking. This looks a lot
like the x86-64 equivalent but has to support the various page and
virtual address sizes that can be configured for AArch64.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
AArch64 has changed the location of vmemmap multiple times, and not all
of these can be easily distinguished. Rather than restorting to kernel
version checks, this replaces the vmemmap architecture callback with a
generic approach that gets the vmemmap address directly from the
mem_section table.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
On x86-64, the difference between virtual addresses in the direct map
and the corresponding physical addresses is called PAGE_OFFSET, so we
exposed that via an architecture callback and the Linux kernel object
finder. However, this doesn't translate to other architectures. Namely,
on AArch64, the difference is PAGE_OFFSET - PHYS_OFFSET, and both
PAGE_OFFSET and PHYS_OFFSET have varied over time and between
configurations.
We can remove the architecture callback and avoid version-specific logic
by letting the page table tell us the offset. We just need an address in
the direct map, which is easy to find since this includes kmalloc and
memblock allocations.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
AArch64 will need different sizes of page table iterators depending on
the page size and virtual address size. Rather than the static
pgtable_iterator_arch_size, allow architectures to define callbacks for
allocating and freeing a page table iterator. Also remove the generic
page table iterator wrapper and just pass that information to the
iterator function.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Rather than computing it every time we need it, compute it once when we
parse PAGE_SIZE from VMCOREINFO (and validate that PAGE_SIZE is a power
of two). This will be more important for AArch64 page table walking.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
In order to support removing the pointer authentication code (PAC) from
return addresses on AArch64, we need to know what bits are being used
for the PAC. We can get this from the NT_ARM_PAC_MASK note in userspace
core dumps and from the NUMBER(KERNELPACMASK) field in VMCOREINFO for
Linux kernel core dumps.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
In an upcoming commit, we will parse the AArch64 pointer authentication
code mask either from the VMCOREINFO note or the NT_ARM_PAC_MASK note.
Since it doesn't always come from VMCOREINFO, it doesn't make sense to
put it in struct vmcoreinfo; struct drgn_program makes more sense. So,
make parse_vmcoreinfo() take struct drgn_program instead of struct
vmcoreinfo, rename it to drgn_program_parse_vmcoreinfo(), and replace
struct vmcoreinfo with an anonymous struct in struct drgn_program.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Some functions that could be static found by -Wmissing-prototypes, some
include-what-you-use warnings, some missing SPDX identifiers. These
lints should be automated at some point.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Currently only supported for user-space crash dumps. E.g. no support for
live user-space application debugging or kernel debugging.
Closes#144.
Signed-off-by: Mykola Lysenko <mykolal@fb.com>
Previously, drgn had no way to represent a thread – retrieving a stack
trace (the only extant thread-specific operation) was achieved by
requiring the user to directly provide a tid.
This commit introduces the scaffolding for the design outlined in
issue #92, and implements the corresponding methods for userspace core
dumps, the live Linux kernel, and Linux kernel core dumps. Future work
will build on top of this commit to support live userspace processes.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Svetlitski <svetlitski@fb.com>
Also:
* Rename struct string to struct nstring and move it to its own header.
* Fix scripts/iwyu.py, which was broken by commit 5541fad063 ("Fix
some flake8 errors").
* Add workarounds for a few outstanding include-what-you-use issues.
There is still a false positive for
include-what-you-use/include-what-you-use#970, but hopefully that is
fixed soon.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
The underscore was meant to discourage direct access in favor of using
drgn_program_get_dbinfo(), but it turns out that it's more normal to
access it directly.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
The only time that we want to create the drgn_debug_info is when we're
loading debugging information. Everywhere else, we fail fast if there is
no debugging information.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
The Linux kernel has its own stack unwinding format for x86-64 called
ORC: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/x86/orc-unwinder.html. It is
essentially a simplified, less complete version of DWARF CFI. ORC is
generated by analyzing machine code, so it is present for all but a few
ignored functions. In contrast, DWARF CFI is generated by the compiler
and is therefore missing for functions written in assembly and inline
assembly (which is widespread in the kernel).
This implements an ORC stack unwinder: it applies ELF relocations to the
ORC sections, adds a new DRGN_CFI_RULE_REGISTER_ADD_OFFSET CFI rule
kind, parses and efficiently stores ORC data, and translates ORC to drgn
CFI rules. This will allow us to stack trace through assembly code,
interrupts, and system calls.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
I missed this when I removed the code that used it.
Fixes: eec67768aa ("libdrgn: replace elfutils DWARF unwinder with our own")
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
The elfutils DWARF unwinder has a couple of limitations:
1. libdwfl doesn't have an interface for getting register values, so we
have to bundle a patched version of elfutils with drgn.
2. Error handling is very awkward: dwfl_getthread_frames() can return an
error even on success, so we have to squirrel away our own errors in
the callback.
Furthermore, there are a couple of things that will be easier with our
own unwinder:
1. Integrating unwinding using ORC will be easier when we're handling
unwinding ourselves.
2. Support for local variables isn't too far away now that we have DWARF
expression evaluation.
Now that we have the register state, CFI, and DWARF expression pieces in
place, stitch them together with the new unwinder, and tweak the public
API a bit to reflect it.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Add low-level getters equivalent to the drgn_program platform-related
helpers and use them in places where we have checked or can assume that
the platform is known.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
As a minor cleanup, instead of writing __BYTE_ORDER__ ==
__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ everywhere, define and use HOST_LITTLE_ENDIAN.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Add struct drgn_type_template_parameter to libdrgn, the corresponding
TypeTemplateParameter to the Python bindings, and support for parsing
them from DWARF.
With this, support for templates is almost, but not quite, complete. The
main wart is that DW_TAG_name of compound types includes the template
parameters, so the type tag includes it as well. We should remove that
from the tag and instead have the type formatting code add it only when
getting the full type name.
Based on a patch from Jay Kamat.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
In order to support static members, methods, default function arguments,
and value template parameters, we need to be able to store a drgn_object
in a drgn_type_member or drgn_type_parameter. These are all cases where
we want lazy evaluation, so we can replace drgn_lazy_type with a new
drgn_lazy_object which implements the same idea but for objects. Types
can still be represented with an absent object.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Even if a compound, function, or enumerated type is complete, we can
still deduplicate it as long as it doesn't have members, parameters, or
enumerators.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
THREAD_SIZE is still broken and I haven't looked into the root cause
(see commit 95be142d17 ("tests: disable THREAD_SIZE test")). We don't
need it anymore anyways, so let's remove it entirely.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
The Doxygen documentation for libdrgn has bit-rotted over time. Bring
back the Internal module, clean up a few renamed members and parameters,
and fix broken parsing caused by the generic definition macros.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
I recently hit a couple of CI failures caused by relying on transitive
includes that weren't always present. include-what-you-use is a
Clang-based tool that helps with this. It's a bit finicky and noisy, so
this adds scripts/iwyu.py to make running it more convenient (but not
reliable enough to automate it in Travis).
This cleans up all reasonable include-what-you-use warnings and
reorganizes a few header files.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Debugging information tracking is currently in two places: drgn_program
finds debugging information, and drgn_dwarf_index stores it. Both of
these responsibilities make more sense as part of drgn_debug_info, so
let's move them there. This prepares us to track extra debugging
information that isn't pertinent to indexing.
This also reworks a couple of details of loading debugging information:
- drgn_dwarf_module and drgn_dwfl_module_userdata are consolidated into
a single structure, drgn_debug_info_module.
- The first pass of DWARF indexing now happens in parallel with reading
compilation units (by using OpenMP tasks).
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Commit 326107f054 ("libdrgn: add task_state_to_char() helper")
implemented task_state_to_char() in libdrgn so that it could be used in
commit 4780c7a266 ("libdrgn: stack_trace: prohibit unwinding stack of
running tasks"). As of commit eea5422546 ("libdrgn: make Linux kernel
stack unwinding more robust"), it is no longer used in libdrgn, so we
can translate it to Python. This removes a bunch of code and is more
useful as an example.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
I originally envisioned types as dumb descriptors. This mostly works for
C because in C, types are fairly simple. However, even then the
drgn_program_member_info() API is awkward. You should be able to look up
a member directly from a type, but we need the program for caching
purposes. This has also held me back from adding offsetof() or
has_member() APIs.
Things get even messier with C++. C++ template parameters can be objects
(e.g., template <int N>). Such parameters would best be represented by a
drgn object, which we need a drgn program for. Static members are a
similar case.
So, let's reimagine types as being owned by a program. This has a few
parts:
1. In libdrgn, simple types are now created by factory functions,
drgn_foo_type_create().
2. To handle their variable length fields, compound types, enum types,
and function types are constructed with a "builder" API.
3. Simple types are deduplicated.
4. The Python type factory functions are replaced by methods of the
Program class.
5. While we're changing the API, the parameters to pointer_type() and
array_type() are reordered to be more logical (and to allow
pointer_type() to take a default size of None for the program's
default pointer size).
6. Likewise, the type factory methods take qualifiers as a keyword
argument only.
A big part of this change is updating the tests and splitting up large
test cases into smaller ones in a few places.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
struct drgn_program has a bunch of state scattered around. Group it
together more logically, even if it means sacrificing some padding here
and there.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Most places that call these check has_platform and return an error, and
those that don't can live with the extra check.
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@osandov.com>
Commit eea5422546 ("libdrgn: make Linux kernel stack unwinding more
robust") overlooked that if the task is running in userspace, the stack
pointer in PRSTATUS obviously won't match the kernel stack pointer.
Let's bite the bullet and use the PID. If the race shows up in practice,
we can try to come up with another workaround.
drgn has a couple of issues unwinding stack traces for kernel core
dumps:
1. It can't unwind the stack for the idle task (PID 0), which commonly
appears in core dumps.
2. It uses the PID in PRSTATUS, which is racy and can't actually be
trusted.
The solution for both of these is to look up the PRSTATUS note by CPU
instead of PID.
For the live kernel, drgn refuses to unwind the stack of tasks in the
"R" state. However, the "R" state is running *or runnable*, so in the
latter case, we can still unwind the stack. The solution for this is to
look at on_cpu for the task instead of the state.
drgn was originally my side project, but for awhile now it's also been
my work project. Update the copyright headers to reflect this, and add a
copyright header to various files that were missing it.
Now that we can walk page tables, we can use it in a memory reader that
reads kernel memory via the kernel page table. This means that we don't
need libkdumpfile for ELF vmcores anymore (although I'll keep the
functionality around until this code has been validated more).
I originally wanted to avoid depending on another vmcoreinfo field, but
an the next change is going to depend on swapper_pg_dir in vmcoreinfo
anyways, and it ends up being simpler to use it.
There are a few big use cases for this in drgn:
* Helpers for accessing memory in the virtual address space of userspace
tasks.
* Removing the libkdumpfile dependency for vmcores.
* Handling gaps in the virtual address space of /proc/kcore (cf. #27).
I dragged my feet on implementing this because I thought it would be
more complicated, but the page table layout on x86-64 isn't too bad.
This commit implements page table walking using a page table iterator
abstraction. The first thing we'll add on top of this will be a helper
for reading memory from a virtual address space, but in the future it'd
also be possible to export the page table iterator directly.
Similarly to PAGE_OFFSET, vmemmap makes more sense as part of the Linux
kernel object finder than an internal helper.
While we're here, let's fix the definition for 5-level page tables. This
only matters for kernels with commit 77ef56e4f0fb ("x86: Enable 5-level
paging support via CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL=y") but without eedb92abb9bb
("x86/mm: Make virtual memory layout dynamic for CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL=y")
(namely, v4.14, v4.15, and v4.16); since v4.17, 5-level page table
support enables KASLR.
The internal _page_offset() helper gets the value of PAGE_OFFSET, but
the fallback when KASLR is disabled has been out of date since Linux
v4.20 and never handled 5-level page tables. Additionally, it makes more
sense as part of the Linux kernel (formerly vmcoreinfo) object finder so
that it's cleanly accessible outside of drgn internals.
For operations where we don't have a type available, we currently fall
back to C. Instead, we should guess the language of the program and use
that as the default. The heurisitic implemented here gets the language
of the CU containing "main" (except for the Linux kernel, which is
always C). In the future, we should allow manually overriding the
automatically determined language.
